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The Holy Qur'an is the main source of the Islamic religion, and for this reason, Muslims have been trying to understand it for a long time. The important point here is that non-Arabic speaking Muslims were forced to use translations of the Holy Quran due to their language barrier. The problem here is that in some cases, translation does not have the possibility of transferring the entire concept to the target language, therefore, the general translations of the Holy Quran are facing some inadequacies. One of the topics mentioned in the Holy Quran is despair. In the Holy Qur'an, two articles "Qunt" and "Despair" are used to refer to this issue, which naturally have differences based on the principle of divine wisdom and the linguistic principle of linguistic economy, while in the Persian translations below these two words are equivalent "Disappointment" is used. In this research, we intend to answer this question through library studies and the use of semantic methods, what is the difference in meaning between the two words "qant" and "despair" and what new equivalent can be suggested for them? It should be noted that despite the great importance of this question, no such research has been conducted so far. From the results of the current research, we can also point to the suggestion of translating "disappointment-turning back" for the article of Qant and assigning the equivalent of "disappointment" to the article of despair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The phenomenon of working and street children is one of the problems that plagues most big cities. Working children means children and teenagers who, according to social laws, under the age of 18 engage in activities to earn money. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment regarding reducing hopelessness and anxiety of working children in Yazd City. Method: The method of the current research was semi -experimental, and its design was pre -test -post -test with a control group and a four -week follow -up. The statistical population included working children in the age group of 8 to 12 who were covered by the welfare management of Yazd city in the spring of 2019. The study sample included 30 working children who were placed randomly in 2 control and experimental groups using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Kazdin's Children’s Hopelessness Scale and Spence's Children’s Anxiety Scale. The experimental group received 8 one and half an hour sessions of treatment based on commitment and acceptance, but the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance test and SPSS software. Results: The results of the present study, according to the analysis of covariance, showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly reduced the level of frustration and anxiety in working children (p<0/05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment based on commitment and acceptance has been able to reduce hopelessness and anxiety of working children. It is suggested to organize psychological interventions and trainings with the help of relevant organizations in order to improve working children’s mental health and reduce their anxiety and frustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and hopelessness in the relationship between family emotional climate and adolescents’ boredom. This research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all female junior high school students in Tehran (District 11) in 2019-2020 school year from among whom 280 students were selected using random multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments included General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al., 1982), Hopelessness Scale for Children (Kazdin et al., 1986), Family Emotional Climate Questionnaire (Nodargah Fard, 1994), and Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (Fahlman et al., 2013). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and path analysis. The results indicated that family emotional climate had a significant, positive effect on self-efficacy, whereas it exerted a significant, negative effect on hopelessness and boredom. Also, self-efficacy had a significant, negative effect on boredom, whereas hopelessness exerted a non-significant effect on boredom. Furthermore, the results showed that self-efficacy played a mediating role in the link between family emotional climate and boredom, while hopelessness did not mediate the association between family emotional climate and boredom. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that self-efficacy is an important factor affecting adolescents’ boredom. Hence, enhancing self-efficacy is a proper way to help adolescents deal with everyday life problems and combat boredom.

Background & Aims One of the problems that threatens children in developing countries is the issue of child labor. Working children have lower hope for the future than their normal peers. Working in childhood can have a negative effect on the growth and cognitive performance of children. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hopelessness and dysfunctional attitudes in working children of southern Tehran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all working children and adolescents engaged in child labor aged 10-18 years under the support of child laborers support centers in the south of Tehran. Of these, 247 were selected for the study using a continuous sampling method that lasted 8 months from April to November 2021. The data collection tools were a demographic checklist and the children's dysfunctional attitude scale (DAS) of D’Alessandro and Burton, and the children's hopelessness scale (CHS) of Kazdin (1986). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation test) in SPSS software, version 16. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed that the average score of hopelessness (5.78±2.60) with a standard deviation of 5.78±2.60 was at a favorable level, among the dimensions of hopelessness, the average score of the dimension of future expectations (3.87±1.87) in hopelessness was higher than the dimension of happiness (2.00±1.39). The average ineffective attitude in the study was 96.16±74.11. Hopelessness only had a statistically significant relationship with the work status of the children in the study (P=0.029). There was no statistically significant correlation between ineffective attitude and hopelessness of working children (P

Background. The idea and attempt of suicide are highly predictive of deaths due to suicide and can lead to several negative consequences for both the individual and his family and for society. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the role of pain, hopelessness, belonging and suicidal capacity in predicting suicide attempt in people with psychiatric disorders. Methods. The research method of this study was correlational and the statistical population included all individuals referred to psychiatric outpatient clinics of Razi Hospital in Tabriz in 2020-2021. Sample sizes According to Klein criterion and according to the 62-item questionnaire, 298 subjects were selected. Research tools also include the Suicide Attempt Scale, the Suicide Capacity Scale and to examine the three variables of pain, hopelessness and belonging to the Suicide Motivation Questionnaire were used. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using Smart pls software version 2. Results. In this study, 63.3% of the respondents were men and 36.7% of the respondents were women. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the respondents was 37.26±10.88 years. According to the results of the path coefficients between hopelessness with suicide capacity (β= 0.63), sense of belonging with suicide capacity (β= 0.28) and suicide attempt (β= 0.21), suicide capacity with suicide attempt (β= 0.59) were at a significant level (P

Employee job satisfaction is one of the most important issues in any organization. Job satisfaction is described as general attitude of a person towards his job. Job satisfaction of medical assistants increases and promotes the quality of medical services and improves patients' satisfaction with medical services. The aim of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction and hopelessness of medical assistants in educational centers of Tabriz. In this descriptive-analytical study, medical assistants of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected and assessed using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) for Job Satisfaction and Beck Hopelessness Scale. Hopelessness decreases with increasing job satisfaction (P

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, perceived social support, and Self-esteem with borderline personality symptoms mediated by aloneness and hopelessness. The research method was descriptive-correlational which was done through structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of women in Isfahan city, 262 of whom were selected by available sampling and were assessed with self-compassion, perceived social support, self-esteem, Borderline Personality Symptoms, Feeling of loneliness and Beck's hopelessness scales. The results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit of the research model. Findings showed that self-compassion is directly related to feelings of loneliness and borderline personality symptoms, as well as self-compassion indirectly affecting the symptoms of borderline personality disorder by affecting the feeling of loneliness. The results showed that social support and self-esteem had a direct and negative relationship with feelings of loneliness, hopelessness and borderline personality symptoms. Social support and self-esteem also affect the symptoms of borderline personality disorder through feelings of loneliness and hopelessness. The findings of the present study, in addition to practical implications, has provide a useful framework for identifying the components that affect the formation and development of borderline personality disorder in women.

Death is a mysterious category that brings about loads of philosophical thoughts, mental ideas, and artistic literary imagination. Demanding death and fear of death are the appearances of thoughts of death, and the result of death consciousness in humans. Demanding death helps escape the pains and difficulties, and fear of death can either cause absurdity or be a way to discover the meaning of life, as some people find salvation in death so that it may transform their internal feelings. In fact, the latter type of thought of death is about the meaning of life to wipe out the border between life and death. So despite its destroying role, it includes the meaning of life. Hope and hopelessness are among important human features, which can be investigated in relation to death. This paper attempts to use a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate the relations between the thought of death and the duality of hope and hopelessness in the novel called Malakut by Bahram Sadeghi and show that thought of death and generally, the phenomenon of death in Malakut, not only is in relation to hopelessness but also represents hope. Therefore this dimension of death requires attention as well.

Background. The idea and attempt of suicide are highly predictive of deaths due to suicide and can lead to several negative consequences for both the individual and his family and for society. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the role of pain, hopelessness, belonging and suicidal capacity in predicting suicide attempt in people with psychiatric disorders. Methods. The research method of this study was correlational and the statistical population included all individuals referred to psychiatric outpatient clinics of Razi Hospital in Tabriz in 2020-2021. Sample sizes According to Klein criterion and according to the 62-item questionnaire, 298 subjects were selected. Research tools also include the Suicide Attempt Scale, the Suicide Capacity Scale and to examine the three variables of pain, hopelessness and belonging to the Suicide Motivation Questionnaire were used. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using Smart pls software version 2. Results. In this study, 63.3% of the respondents were men and 36.7% of the respondents were women. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the respondents was 37.26±10.88 years. According to the results of the path coefficients between hopelessness with suicide capacity (β= 0.63), sense of belonging with suicide capacity (β= 0.28) and suicide attempt (β= 0.21), suicide capacity with suicide attempt (β= 0.59) were at a significant level (P<0.05). On the other hand, suicidal capacity had a significant mediating role in the relationship between hopelessness and sense of belonging with suicide attempt. Conclusion. The results showed that the three-step model of suicide has the ability to predict suicide attempt in the community of patients with psychiatric disorders. Practical Implications. The results of this study are very important for professionals who work with people with psychiatric disorders to distinguish the idea of suicide from suicide attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee job satisfaction is one of the most important issues in any organization. Job satisfaction is described as general attitude of a person towards his job. Job satisfaction of medical assistants increases and promotes the quality of medical services and improves patients' satisfaction with medical services. The aim of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction and hopelessness of medical assistants in educational centers of Tabriz. In this descriptive-analytical study, medical assistants of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected and assessed using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) for Job Satisfaction and Beck Hopelessness Scale. Hopelessness decreases with increasing job satisfaction (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and domesticity (P=0.017) and between job satisfaction and the level of hopelessness with the marital status of assistants (P<0.001) and (P=0.043). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive education group and acceptance and commitment therapy on hopelessness of divorcing demanding couples. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest- follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included divorcing demanding couples who referred from the Family Court and Social Emergency Intervention Center to Psychological Services center in Marand 36 couples a total of 72 who scored higher than the cut-off point on the Beck hopelessness scale were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and a control group (12 couples for each group). The research instrument was the Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BHI).and were analyzed using a mixed design. Results showed that both acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy significantly reduced hopelessness of divorcing demanding couples (P≤0.01). Also, the comparison of the effectiveness of the two interventions showed that there was significant difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and metacognitive therapy on hopelessness of participants, and meta-cognitive therapy was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy (P≤0.05). It can be concluded that meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can reduce the clients' hopelessness.

Introduction Infidelity causes mental health problems, family disruptions, rumination about events, and changes in the betrayed person’s beliefs toward the spouse. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of "mindfulness-based schema therapy" on depression, anxiety, and hopelessness of women affected by spouse infidelity. Materials and Methods It was semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up ‎control ‎group design‏. The research statistical population comprised all women who required psychological help due to their husband’s betrayal and referred to counseling centers in Mashhad from January to March 2018. A total of 24 women were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Both groups completed Beck depression, anxiety, and hopeless questionnaires in the pretest, posttest, and a two-month follow-up. The experimental group received mindfulness-based schema therapy‎ intervention (Van Vreeswijk et al., 2014) for ten sessions. Factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results The effect of the intragroup and intergroup interaction was significant in depression (p=0/01) and anxiety (p=0/001 ) but not significant in hopelessness (p=0/36). There is a significant difference in depression and anxiety from pretest to posttest and follow-up (p 0.05). Conclusion Mindfulness-based schema therapy can be used to reduce the depression and anxity of women affected by spouse betrayal.

Introduction: Psychological problems caused by infertility can play an aggravating role in infertility. Adlerian treatment focuses on helping individuals develop a lifestyle that is defined by more productive compensation tools for feeling of inferiority and more social interests. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of adlerian group counseling on hopelessness and death anxiety in Kermanshah infertile women. Method: This research is semi-experimental. Statistical population of the study consisted of 324 infertile women of Kermanshah with clinical records.40 individuals were selected out of statistical population by available sampling method. They were randomly replaced into experimental (n=20), and control group (n=20). Then all 40 patients were tested by research tools including death anxiety and hopelessness questionnaire. The experimental group received ten group counseling sessions with adlerian approach, but control group received no intervention. Then both groups were given posttests based on above scales and it was analyzed according to covariance analysis test. Results: The findings of covariance analysis test show that Adlerian group counseling approach causes a reduction in death anxiety (p

Background and Objectives: Hopelessness, belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness are important risk factors for suicidal ideation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction of hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in suicidal ideation and behavior. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was descriptive and modeling. The study population included all students of Mohaghegh Ardabil University in the academic year 2020; out of which 650 people were selected using convenience sampling method and completed the questionnaires of Hopelessness, Depressive Symptom-Suicidality Subscale, Suicidal Behavior, and Interpersonal Needs in an online way. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Hayeschr('39') macro PROCESS tests. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between negative hopelessness and belongingness (r=0.45, p<0.001), burdensomeness (r=0.37, p<0.001), idea (r=0.32, p<0.001), and suicidal behavior (r=0.26, p<0.001). There was also a significant positive relationship between positive hopelessness and belongingness (r=0.32, p<0.001), burdensomeness (r=0.37, p<0.001), idea (r=0.25, p<0.001), and suicidal behavior (r=0.26, p<0.001). The results also confirmed the interaction of hopelessness, belongingness, and burdensomeness in suicidal ideation and behavior. Conclusion: In general, this study supports the interpersonal theory and the interaction among hopelessness, belongingness, and burdensomeness concerning suicidal ideation and behavior. Based on these findings, it is suggested, to reduce suicidal ideation and attempt, holding skills and motivation training courses can increase hope in people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy with a religion-based approach on students’ aggression and hopelessness. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest posttest control group design. The population of the study was comprised of all eleventh grade girls in Robatkarim in academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 240 students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments included Beck’s Hopelessness Scale (1988)‌ and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory (Zahedifar et al., 2000). Thirty students who had obtained the highest scores on the two scales were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15). The experimental group received the intervention (group logotherapy with a religion-based approach) in ten 75-minute sessions. Both groups were given the posttest after two weeks. The obtained data were analyzed via ANCOVA. The results showed that there was a significance difference between the mean scores of the two groups in hopelessness (p≤0.001, F=4.89) and aggression (P≤0.001, F=58.69) in the pretest and posttest (P≤0.001). The findings indicated that group logotherapy with a religion-based approach can decrease hopelessness and aggression and boost mental health among students.

Introduction: Psychological problems caused by infertility can play an aggravating role in infertility. Adlerian treatment focuses on helping individuals develop a lifestyle that is defined by more productive compensation tools for feeling of inferiority and more social interests. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of adlerian group counseling on hopelessness and death anxiety in Kermanshah infertile women. Method: This research is semi-experimental. Statistical population of the study consisted of 324 infertile women of Kermanshah with clinical records.40 individuals were selected out of statistical population by available sampling method. They were randomly replaced into experimental (n=20), and control group (n=20). Then all 40 patients were tested by research tools including death anxiety and hopelessness questionnaire. The experimental group received ten group counseling sessions with adlerian approach, but control group received no intervention. Then both groups were given posttests based on above scales and it was analyzed according to covariance analysis test. Results: The findings of covariance analysis test show that Adlerian group counseling approach causes a reduction in death anxiety (p<0.05) and hopelessness (p<0.05) in experimental group compared to control group in posttest stage. Conclusion: Adlerian group counseling could reduce death anxiety and hopelessness meaningfully compared to control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the simple and moderator relationship of hopelessness and family function with suicidal ideation among high school students in Ahwaz city. The population included all of the high school students, and participants were 179 boys and 181 girls selected by multistage cluster random sampling from high schools in Ahwaz City. Participants completed measures of hopelessness, family function and suicidal ideation and model evaluation by SPSS/16. The results showed that there are a significant negative correlation between hopelessness and family function, between family function and suicidal ideation and there are a significant positive correlation between hopelessness and suicidal ideation. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation with moderator family function, butthere is no significant relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation with moderator family function in female students.

Background: Thalassemic patients are prone to impair self-esteem duo to life-long side effects. Abnormal appearance at young age and higher risk of blood infections such as AIDS and hepatitis, affect their marriage opportunities. These side effects lead to hopelessness and isolation.. This experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy (C.B.G.T) on stimulation of self-esteem in β-Thalasemic adolescents. Methods: A total of 59 Thalassemic patients were recruited and randomly assigned into experimental or control group. The experimental group participated in eight C.B.G.T sessions of 90 minutes each, following a manualized treatment protocol. The findings were assessed by using independent group t-test, two way ANOVA and regression analysis to examine the effect of the intervention on dependent variables (self-esteem and hopelessness). Results: The score of hopelessness was decreased significantly (p

Background and Aim: Deaf children face many psychological problems due to their inability to hear. The present study investigates the effectiveness of art therapy (painting) in reducing the hopelessness and solitude experienced by these children. Methods: An experimental design with pre- and post-testing and a control group was used. Multistage method was used for selecting 30 children with hearing impairment (age range: 7-10 years) from Isfahan. Subjects were randomly appointed to experimental and control groups. Data was collected using Kazdin hopelessness scale and Asher solitude scale. Analysis of covariance statistical method was used to analyze the data. Results: Findings indicated a significant difference between feelings of hopelessness and solitude of deaf children in experimental and control groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: From these findings it can be concluded that art therapy decreases the rate of hopelessness and solitude in deaf children and can be applied as an educational and therapeutic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Insecurely attachment style is one of effective factors in many mental disorders. The aim of present research was to predict the hopelessness; impulsivity and dissociative and paranoid symptoms in securely; ambivalent and avoidant attachment students. Materials and Methods: The type of the study was descriptive. Subjects of this study were 400 students (200 male and 200 female) from University of Tabriz who were chosen by multistage cluster random sampling. Borderline personality scale (Schizotypal Trait questionnaire-B form) and adult attachment inventory were used for data gathering. Results: There were significant differences in hopelessness; dissociative symptoms, impulsivity and total score of STB between securely attached people and people with avoidant insecurely attachment (p<0.05) and between securely attached people and ambivalent attached people in impulsivity and total score of STB (p<0.05); but no significant differences was found between two above groups in hopelessness and dissociative symptoms (p>0.05), while there wasn't any differences between avoidant and ambivalent attached people in hopelessness; dissociative symptoms, impulsivity and total score of STB (p>0.05). Conclusions: In comparison with securely attached people, people with insecurely avoidant attachment experience more hopelessness; dissociative symptoms and impulsivity; and people with insecurely ambivalent attachment experience more impulsivity. Altogether, insecurely attached people are more prone to borderline personality disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding of suicidal ideation and related factors has valuable clinical results for prevention and crisis intervention. The present study was aimed to explore the predictive role of psychological, demographical and socio-economic factors in suicidal ideation among general population of Semnan city in 1391. Material and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 671 individuals of general population of Semnan city were selected by voluntary sampling. Data were collected with NEO-Five Factor Personality Inventory, Symptom Check-List Revised, the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Beck Scale for suicide ideation, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire and demographical questionnaire. Then data was analyzed by correlation and Logistic Regression with SPSS. Results: Literacy level (OR=1/237;p<0/014), family relationships (OR=1/873; p<0/010), outcome (OR=4/211;p<0/003), job status (OR=3/149;p<0/008), history of psychiatric disorders (OR=5/754;p<0/003), admission in inpatient psychiatric ward (OR=2/003;p<0/011), neuroticism (OR=6/136;p<0/001), extraversion (OR=3/612;p<0/005), neurotic defense style (OR=2/468;p<0/005), mature defense style (OR=4/107;p<0/002), immature defense style (OR=3/059;p<0/003), social support (OR=7/609;p<0/001), and hopelessness (OR=9/834;p<0/001) significantly differentiated persons with suicidal ideation from persons without suicidal ideation (p<0/001). These variables entirely predicted 97.4% of suicidal ideation in a correct manner. Conclusion: In this model, hazardous psychological, demographical and socio-economic factors increased the odds ratio of suicidal ideation. These findings are important for designing preventive interventions and interventional programs for self-harm behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]