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Companies employ several forms of cooperation to reach success in the global competitive market. Coordination models seek to find the practical solution to encourage supply chain members to make decisions to improve overall profit. Note that, cooperation contracts are useful tools to make supply chain members behave coherently and coordinately with each other in order to gain SC's profit as final purpose. This paper aims to determine the most appropriate contract that can make cooperation between SC levels. In this case supply chains and cooperation contracts were reviewed and as a result of this study. Afterwards, a two echelons SC and mentioned contracts in the title chose are investigated. By considering the game theory approach, static games by complete information and Nash equilibrium as a solving method and probabilistic demand of consumers, initial profit function models of SC echelons were designed and subsequently, the secondary models redesigned with the consideration of the specific circumstances of each contract. Then, some experiments were designed by MINITAB software and solved by EXCEL and LINGO software. Eventually, by analyzing outputs, rebate contract is determined as the most appropriate way of establishing cooperation among the SC levels.

The project management is planning and conducting projects within time, cost and quality is determined towards the creation of specific results. The aim of this research was to develop mathematical models for the trade off time, cost, quality and risk of the project which parameters of its activities have been estimated randomly with grey numbers. In the projects, managers are looking for the optimal combination of time, cost and quality of the project and considering the risk, while information is limited and insufficient in this area. Using the proposed method with grey numbers can help to manage projects well in these conditions. For solving the model / methodology, the hybrid of fuzzy goal programming and grey linear planning has been predicted. By examining the responses, it seems that there is a possibility for them to be improved with goal programming; therefore, the further stages with goal programming for better satisfactory answers were presented to the project manager. For a case study, the project(s) in Iran Khodro Company is selected.

The role and importance of supply chain management, has faced with many challenges and problems. Although a comprehensive model of supply chain issues, has not been explained, we have to indicate that issues such as reviewing the theoretical foundations of information systems, marketing, financial management, logistical and organizational relations have been considered by many researchers. The objective of supply chain management is to improve various activities and components to increase overall supply chain system benefits. In order to achieve the overall objectives, many contradictions may occur between the components and different levels of supply chain and the contradictions that these disorders over time, result in decreased strength and competitiveness of the supply chain. Such conflicts, like marketing costs (advertising), pricing and inventory can occur during the supply chain life cycle. A Game Theory approach with respect to property is the appropriate tool for collaboration in the supply chain. This tool is used for collaborative making in any kind of supply chain such as cooperative supply chain and non-cooperative supply chain. In the present study and assuming a lack of cooperation between different levels of a supply chain, a dynamic game with complete information has been generated. In addition identifying appropriate leaders of various levels of the supply chain is considered. Non-Cooperative dynamic game mode (Stackelberg Game), for each of the three levels of supply chain including retailers, suppliers and manufacturers are modeled. Depending on the bargaining power and its position in the market, any level of supply chain can make a leader of the following rule. In the present study, the equilibrium model to play Stackelberg game may be led by a leader or leading players and ultimately identifying and modeling the appropriate unlimited three level supply chain are determined.

Determining the optimal policy of inventory have been always one of the main challenges in inventory management area in which several research have been conducted to address this issue. A vast majority of proposed approaches are very simple models to the extent that they simplify the real-world conditions and fail to consider the real uncertainties. To determine the optimal inventory policy of supply chains, on the other hand, there exist many influential uncertainties. In this thesis, an integrative probabilistic model is developed to model the uncertainty of the optimal inventory policy of multi-echolon supply chains using Bayesian networks (BNs) a state-of-the-art technology in modeling uncertainty. BNs provide a framework for presenting cause and effect relationships and enable probabilistic inference among a set of variables. The new approach explicitly quantifies uncertainty in qualitative and quantitative uncertain variables in customer, retailer, manufacturure, and supplier levels and provides an appropriate method for modeling complex relationships for process capability analysis, such as common causal factors, formal use of experts' judgments, and learning from data to update previous beliefs and probabilities. The capabilities of the proposed approach are emplemented in Agenarisk software by a real case study.

The development of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques is to provide the possibility of using multiple criteria in decision making problems. Multi-criteria decision making problems primarily relate to choosing the best option among several available options and according to some indicators. One of the major issues in this regard is to determine the importance weights of decision criteria. Various methods such as Entropy, LINMAP and Saaty’s method have been presented for determining the weights of the indicators. In this paper, a non-linear model based on the logic of TOPSIS method is proposed to estimate the ideal weights. Simplicity, ‌ Reduction of received data from the decision makers in the evaluation process, and the possibility of considering his comments about the preference of indicators to each other can be cited as the advantages of this method

By considering the role and importance of supply chain management, this concept faced with many challenges and problems. Although there is no explanation of a comprehensive model for supply chain issues, a review of theoretical issues in this field, indicates that information systems, marketing, financial management, logistical and organizational relations, matters of interest to researchers in this field. The objective of supply chain management is improvement of various activities and components of a supply chain to increase overall supply chain system. Many contradictions between the components and different levels in order to achieve the overall objectives of the supply chain have been observed, and these disorders may result by decreased strength and competitiveness of supply chain. The main contradictions that are considered in this paper are related to inventory, pricing and also marketing costs in an unlimited three echelon supply chain. The basics of game theory make it a suitable and reliable tool for solving contradiction situations by considering all levels and players goal. In this paper, finding equilibrium of inventory, pricing and marketing cost of an unlimited three echelon supply chain(SC), consisting of supplier, manufacturer and retailer is considered. K retailer, M manufacturer and S supplier are acting, and different leadership of each level are examined to find the highest payoff for the supply chain.

The Customs Tariff is based on the World Customs Organization's (WCO) Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) and its impact of industry competitiveness is known for everyone. In this paper, by considering IRAN I.R. industries,the impact of change in custom tariff on domestic industries have been analyzed. Many models have been used to analys and evaluate the effect of change in custom tariff on domestic industries. In this paper System Dynamics(SD) approach and modeling has been used to describe this problem. By using Casual Loops(CL) and also Stock And Flow diagram(CFD), the model of problem has achived. At next step, depending on the type of variables(State variable, Rate variable, Auxiliary variable, parameters, …) the relation of variables are identified and the model is completed. At final step the model was sumilated and run by VENSIM software and the results were outcomed. This paper declares that decreasing the custom tariff will improve domestic industries competitiveness in long terms by developing the infrastructure of domestic industry for gaining more market share

By the new developments occurring in technology, management theories, manufacturing and production, and as a result, improvement in products variety, productivity and innovation, all companies and organizations are trying to handle and manage their product in a efficient manner. By identifying new methods in purchasing, warehousing, handling and ordering, all classical processes have lost their applications. These new methods such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) have provided the necessary tools that we need for decision making in specific situations. In this paper, some new definitions in re order point (ROP) have been discussed; in addition we have used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for determining re order point for purchasing goods in commercial organizations, especially import companies. For this matter, ANN has been used for decision making in purchasing, and also normal curve has been used for calculating order lead times. In the conclusion, we agreed that our new model has many priorities to its classical kinds.