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Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily that has crucial roles in fecundity of goat and sheep. Previous investigations confirmed that the fecundity mutations of sheep presented in goat. Different mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) gene has increased ovulation rate and infertility in sheep. To illuminate polymorphisms in BMP15 gene, was characterized the coding region of BMP15. Two exons (1 and 2) encoded prepropeptide of 394 amino acids in BMP15. Blood sample collected randomly from 100 goats from Red Jabalbarez goat from 10 farms and genomic DNA was isolated using the DNA kit. Two primer pairs were used to amplify genomic DNA of Bmp15 gene, and the PCR products were separated on agarose gels. The PCR products were electrophoresed and visualized by Ethidim Bromide staining. The results showed that amplication products had good specificity, which could be directly analyzed. Single nucleotide polymorphism of FecXB and FecXG loci in BMP-15 gene were determined using PCR-RFLP technique. In this study, there was no evidence of mutation in FecXB and FecXG in these goats, all of which were monomorph for exon 2 of BMP-15 gene. Further investigation should be directed at other loci of BMP-15 gene or other genes, using larger sample sizes

Background: Nowadays high accident rates, fractures leading to permanent bone disorders, and the impossibility of bone transplant have made scientists to look for new methods of repairing injured bones. Considering the application of stem cells in bone tissue engineering, there exists the necessity to investigate various culture methods and suitable fields and scaffolds. Thus, we decided to induce adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast cells in two systems of pellet culture and monolayer and compare osteogenic markers. Methods: Stem cells have been separated via mechanical and enzymatic methods and cultured in osteogenic medium. Then, RNA was separated from differentiated cells, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and amplified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was transferred to electrophoresis gel. The intensity of the bands was measured by Image-J software and analyzed by SPSS. Findings: Osteocalcin gene expression in differentiated cells in the two culture systems showed no significant difference. Therefore, the expression of osteocalcin gene in both monolayer and pellet systems is the same and acceptable. However, average osteopontin gene in differentiated cells in the two culture systems showed a significant difference. The expression of osteopontin gene in pellet system was more than monolayer systems. Conclusion: This study indicated that pellet and monolayer culture systems are appropriate for bone engineering but osteocalcin and osteopontin gene expressions were different in the two culture system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]