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Background and Objective: Scientometrics is used to identify existing study gaps, discover the future research directions, investigate fundamental trends and implement the necessary policies in a specific field of knowledge. Considering the key role of environmental factors in the health trends and the varyingburden of diseases in the country, this study was conducted with the aim of performing scientometric analysis of the role of environmental health in the prevention and control of diseases related to environmental factors in Iran. Materials and Methods: Bibliographic information related to scientific documents indexed in the Web of Science database until September 12, 2022, was analyzed and visualized using Citespace and Biblioshiny software. Results: A total of 1,212 documents were retrieved. These documents were published in 629 sources with the participation of 8,461 authors. The average publication year of the documents was 2010. The top three ranks of organizational affiliations were as follows: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (747 documents), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (436 documents), and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (393 documents). Iran's cooperation network with other countries indicates substantial joint researchbetween Iran and the main countries in this network. Over time, the co-occurrence network of keywords has evolved from outcomes (such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, etc.) to environmental exposure factors, especially air pollutants, heavy metals, and foodborne pathogens factors. Risk assessment has also been a category of interest in recent years. Conclusion: Scientometric analysis showed that environmental health studies in prevention and control of diseases related to environmental factors in Iran are young and still progressing. In the early years, studies were mainly focused on diseases as an outcome, while in recent years, they have focused more on exposure factors or environmental pathogens. It is suggested that the future studies based on the retrieved keywords should be more mission-oriented and the priority of solving the problems of environmental pollutants affecting people's health in the country based on the extent and scope of the problems of each province should be considered by policy makers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has identified the key environmental factors affecting the science, technology, and innovation system in Iran’s cyberspace. To achieve the purpose of the research, a mixed-method strategy was used. In the qualitative part, using library study and experts’ opinions, the environmental factors that affect the mentioned system were identified and classified by the STEEPLED model, which included seven categories: socio-demographic, technological, economic, environmental, political, policy-legal, and ethical factors. The distribution of factors in different classes shows the complexity of the environment surrounding the science, technology, and innovation system in cyberspace. Cross Impact Analysis with a structural approach was employed in the quantitative part. The distribution pattern of environmental factors of the science, technology, and innovation system in cyberspace showed that this system faces a very complex environment due to the interactions of factors with each other. Based on the results, 83% of the technological class factors, 50% of the political-legal class factors, 50% of the moral class factors, 44% of the economic class factors, and 40% of the socio-demographic class factors are among the target factors. According to degree of direct impacts, the most key target factors are dedicated to employment, economic growth, connection to the internet, digital technological trends, and people’s trust in the government. New economic approaches (including the sharing economy, gig economy, etc.), investment in ICT, and the economic Investigating the Key Environmental Factors Affecting the Science, Technology, and Innovation System of Iran’s Cyberspace; Application of Cross Impact Analysis Elham Faham status of the people are also counted as key risk factors. On this basis, it is suggested that target factors should be developed and directed according to the goals and functions of the science, technology, and innovation system in cyberspace. Also, risk factors should be converted to the target factors through their development and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Employees are considered internal customers of the organization, and today, employee’s experience has become a prominent topic in the field of human resources. This study aims to model the factors affecting employees’ experience management in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using fuzzy interpretive structural modeling. Methods: This applied study was descriptive-analytical conducted in 2023. 10 faculty members, managers, and staff of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected using a purposive sampling method. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) questionnaire consisting of a 7x7 matrix was then given to them, and they were asked to find the contextual relationship between the variables based on the pairwise comparison scale. In the analysis section, fuzzy interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis were used to structure and analyze the status of the factors. Results: 7 organized themes (organizational, physical environment, technological, job, managerial, cultural, and individual factors) were identified for employees’ experience in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Findings showed that cultural and managerial factors are at the lowest level of the structure and have more influence and less dependence. In other words, these are the most influential factors on employees’ experience. Job, technology, and organizational factors were placed at the second level. In contrast, individual and physical factors were at the highest level of the structure and had less influence and more dependence on other factors. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Mashhad University of Medical Sciences should focus on strengthening and improving cultural and managerial factors to improve employees’ experience. Additionally, attention to job, technology, and organizational factors, along with addressing individual employee’s needs and providing a favorable physical environment, are essential for employees’ effective experience management at the university. This study, by providing a comprehensive model of factors influencing employees’ experience, assists universities and other organizations in gaining a deeper understanding of this concept and developing effective strategies for its enhancement.

Today, the phenomenon of subsidence has affected many regions of the world, including densely populated cities in arid and semi-arid regions, and has caused a lot of damage. The phenomenon of subsidence is imperceptible and gradual, and in the long term it causes a lot of damage to agricultural lands as well as urban areas. Considering the many negative effects that the subsidence phenomenon has on human activities and man-made phenomena including buildings and facilities, not paying attention to it can be associated with many human and financial losses. Based on this, it will be very important to monitor the amount of land subsidence in order to reduce the negative effects and also to control its development process, and it is necessary to regularly estimate the subsidence process of the areas. Due to the fact that the phenomenon of subsidence occurs imperceptibly and its monitoring requires high precision, therefore, new methods should be used to monitor this risk. One of the methods that has received a lot of attention in recent years is the radar interferometry method, which has high accuracy and speed in processing information and monitoring changes in the earth's surface. Accordingly, in this research, this method is used. It will be used to evaluate the subsidence of Asadabad Plain. According to the mentioned cases, in this research, using radar images and radar interferometry method, the state of subsidence and its trend in Asadabad Plain and the analysis of the geomorphological factors affecting its occurrence have been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the decline of oak in relation to the woody species diversity, soil characteristics and physiographic factors in Bankol region of Ilam province. This study was carried out in two aspects of the northern and eastern slopes and in three altitude classes (1340-1440, 1440-1540 and > 1540 m above sea level) with circular sample plots of 1000 m² . In the sample plots, the diversity of wood species and the dieback percentage of oak were determined. Soil samples were taken from the depth of 0 to 30 cm. The effect of topographic factors on soil properties, species diversity and dieback rate was investigated using two-way analysis of variance and comparing the means of Duncan's multi-range test. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the relationship between diversity indices, soil characteristics and dieback intensity along the elevation classes in each aspect. The results showed that elevation and aspect have a significant effect on soil properties, woody species diversity and dieback intensity. Based on the results, the amount of organic matter was higher on the north aspect than on the east aspect. The highest amount of total nitrogen recorded in 1440-1540 m and >1540 m on the northern aspect and the lowest amount was in 1340-1440 m in the eastern aspect. The amount of soil phosphorus was highest in the northern aspect and at 1440-1540 m. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson's diversity indices and the richness of woody species were higher in the northern aaspect and middle and high elevation classes than the low elevation class. The highest dieback intensity was observed at altitudes > 1540 m in both the northern (9.88%) and eastern (10.55%) aspects, and the lowest value was in the middle elevation on the northern and eastern aspects, and these situations should be prioritized for protection, restoration and silvicultural merasures related this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionNumerous studies on the chemical composition of Nepeta species essential oils in Iran show that changes in chemical composition are influenced by various factors including geographical location, weather conditions, plant growth stages, and analysis techniques. It is crucial to understand the variables that influence the effective substances of these medicinal plants. Nepetalactone is the first chemotype for the essential oils of plants in this genus. Nepetalactone can be divided into different isomers. For example, 4aα,7α,7aα-Nepetalactone found in Nepeta cephalotes Boiss., Nepeta crassifolia Boiss. & Buhse, Nepeta mirzayanii Rech.f. & Esfand. and Nepeta racemosa Lam.; 4aα,7α,7aβ-Nepetalactone in Nepeta cataria L., Nepeta meyeri Benth. and Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad & Assadi; and 4aβ,7α,7aβ-Nepetalactone in Nepeta bornmuelleri Hausskn. & Bornm., Nepeta eremophila Hausskn. & Bornm. and Nepeta persica Boiss. are highly useful as biochemical markers for Nepeta essential oil in chemotaxonomic studies. The 1,8-Cineole chemotype or with Linalool makes up the second category. The first chemical is the most prevalent in a number of Nepeta species, including Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad, Nepeta crispa Willd., Nepeta denudata Benth., Nepeta ispahanica Boiss. and Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse. The essential oils of Nepeta species in Iran contain 33 effective substances in a significant amount. These oils are comprised of monoterpenes and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes. To date, research on the phytochemical variety of Nepeta species and how ecological conditions affect their morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites has only looked at Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f., Nepeta binaloudensis, Nepeta eremokosmos Rech.f. and Nepeta pogonosperma. In these studies, it has been frequently mentioned that altitude affects the quantity and quality of beneficial substances found in the species of this genus. There has been no exploration of other factors related to the species' habitat. The purpose of this research project was to conduct a thorough investigation of the effect of environmental parameters on the essential oil composition of medicinal species Nepeta eremokosmos. Material and MethodsIn Semnan province, three different habitats for Nepeta eremokosmos, each with distinct environmental conditions, were selected. A systematic random method was used to establish a series of plots in each habitat. Vegetative traits, such as plant height, canopy diameter, canopy cover, biomass, and leaf area, were meticulously measured in every plot. To prepare a herbarium sample, the flowering aerial parts of Nepeta eremokosmos were collected in June 2022 from three specific regions: Momenabad, Hajjaj, and Javin. Three replicates of the flowering branches of Nepeta eremokosmos were taken from each population. The samples were dried in both the open air and shade after being transferred to the laboratory. The Clevenger apparatus was used to extract the essential oils through hydrodistillation after grinding the dried samples. GC-FID and GC/MS were used to identify essential oil compounds. In each habitat, five soil samples were also collected, and important physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, OM, N, P, K, lime, gypsum, and soil texture were measured. Afterwards, the data were examined by conducting one-way variance analysis and comparing mean values using SPSS software. Correlation analysis was used to determine the most significant environmental factors that influenced vegetative traits and essential oil compounds. Moreover, principal component analysis was carried out using Minitab software. The conservation status of Nepeta eremokosmos was determined using the IUCN method and based on the criteria of EOO and AOO using GeoCAT software, as well as data related to population size and habitat quality. Results and DiscussionNepeta eremokosmos' vegetative traits varied significantly between the three regions in terms of plant height and leaf area, with a 0.1% difference, the canopy diameter and cover are at 1%, while the biomass is at 5%. The comparison of mean vegetative traits revealed that the highest values of height, canopy diameter, canopy cover, leaf area, and biomass, with 20.8 cm, 34.1cm, 2.3%, 4.1cm2, and 30.1g, respectively related to Momenabad habitat. The variance analysis of essential oil components in three populations of Nepeta eremokosmos revealed that their effective substances were significantly different at levels of 0.1, 1 and 5%. The Momenabad habitat contained 1,8-Cineole, 4a, 7a-Nepetalactone, and p-Cymene, with a respective concentration of 50.8, 7.2, and 6.5%. Hajjaj had the highest concentration of 1,8-Cineole, Myrtenal, and p-Cymene, while Javin had 20, 8.7, and 8.1%. According to the variance analysis of soil chemical parameters of Nepeta eremokosmos, the three habitats had a significant difference of 0.1%. By comparing the mean parameters, it was demonstrated that the soil in Momenabad habitat is more acidic and lighter. The concentrations of OM, N, SP, P, and gypsum were elevated with 0.24%, 4.4%, 65.1%, 5.4 mg/l, and 73.9%, in comparison to other habitats. Javin habitat had an EC, K, and lime level that was 1.5 ds/m higher than those in the other two habitats by 117.4 mg/l and 31.6%. Among the environmental factors, altitude, annual precipitation, annual temperature, maximum temperature of the hottest month, N, P, K, OM, gypsum, and lime showed the most significant correlations with the vegetative traits and essential oil compounds of Nepeta eremokosmos. The conservation status of Nepeta eremokosmos in Iran is Critically Endangered, based on its occupancy of 1.250km2 and the extent of its occurrence in 69,862km2. Plant species' essential oils have biological effects that are influenced by their effective substances, which can be affected by both genetic pathways and environmental factors. The plant's chemical performance can be maximized by selecting the most appropriate chemotype based on specific goals and providing optimal environmental conditions. According to the research findings, Nepeta eremokosmos prefers steppe habitats with higher essential oil content and compounds with higher antioxidant properties. Thus, this habitat is deemed suitable for conserving and cultivating Nepeta eremokosmos.

The phenomenon of global urbanization is currently undergoing rapid advancements. This scholarly study aims to contribute to the discourse surrounding mental health promotion and the revitalization of urban neighborhoods within the framework of urban planning in Iran. Within this context, the examination of environmental characteristics is of utmost importance due to their substantial impact on mental well-being. This study sought to investigate the individual effects of various environmental characteristics on the overall health of citizens, as well as explore the role of environmental preferences as a mediating variable. Recognizing the influential role of urban environmental design on the mental health of individuals, this research was conducted with the objective of establishing a relationship between the perception of environmental variables and public mental health in residential neighborhoods, while also considering the mediating effect of environmental preferences among the population of Mazandaran. Data was collected via a questionnaire comprising two sections. The first section addressed mental health, utilizing a standardized questionnaire, whereas the second section assessed participants' perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, including security, amenities, aesthetics, and destinations, along with their environmental preferences. The application of structural equation modeling revealed a statistically significant influence of the participants' perception of environmental characteristics on mental health, with a corresponding decrease in mental health condition when environmental preferences were reduced. Introduction Modern lifestyles, accompanied by physical and mental challenges, pose significant threats to human well-being. Echoing the principles outlined in the World Health Organization's (WHO) constitution, which defines health as the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being rather than the mere absence of disease or infirmity, it becomes evident that mental health can be influenced by perceptions of the surrounding environment. The subjective nature of perception, shaped by individual characteristics and environmental factors, underscores the role of residential environments in shaping the mental health and overall welfare of neighborhoods. Recognizing the intricate interplay between environmental perceptions and individual preferences, it becomes apparent that preferences are closely aligned with perceptions, and the evaluation of preferences is rooted in one's personal perception. Given the impact of environmental preferences on human mental health, it becomes crucial to identify and assess indicators of environmental preferences conducive to promoting well-being. To accomplish the primary objective of this research, the following inquiry must be addressed: How does the structural composition of residential environments relate to the mental health of residents in the Mazandaran Province's residential neighborhoods? Literature Review Research has indicated that the attributes of the natural environment hold significant relevance as predictors of health (Kruize et al., 2020). When examining residential environments, these encompass various elements such as amenities, accessibility, safety, visual appeal, and destinations (Giles-Corti & Donovan, 2002; Pikora, Giles-Corti, Bull, Jamrozik, & Donovan, 2003). 2.1. Influence of environmental factors on health Individuals' preferences exert a considerable influence on their perceptions. Furthermore, the combined effects of a residential neighborhood characterized by well-designed streets and accessible public green spaces are known to impact an individual's perception and, consequently, their mental well-being. Research suggests that aesthetically pleasing landscapes can confer both physical and mental health benefits upon individuals (Ronghua Wang et al., 2021). Numerous studies have explored the relationship between the physical environment and mental health, consistently revealing a direct correlation between one's mental well-being and the quality of their surroundings. It has been observed that individuals residing in areas marked by high levels of noise, traffic, derelict structures, and crime tend to experience heightened stress levels (Fong, Cruwys, Haslam, & Haslam, 2019). Studies examining the influence of the environment on health conditions can be broadly divided into four categories: (1) the impact of the environment on overall health, (2) the influence of the environment on mental health, (3) the effects of green spaces on health outcomes, and (4) the role of green environments in mitigating mental health issues and stress. Methodology The present study aims to explore the relationship between perceived neighborhood characteristics, such as safety, aesthetics, destination, and facilities, and their impact on mental health within residential areas. Additionally, this study seeks to investigate the mediating role of environmental preferences among individuals residing in Mazandaran Province. Data for this study was collected through a two-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire assessed participants' health status using the standard questionnaire known as SF36, which provides a comprehensive assessment of health on a global scale. The second part of the questionnaire assessed participants' perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, including environmental preferences, safety, facilities, aesthetics, and destination. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the survey data collected from a sample of 450 residents. Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study Conclusion Numerous studies have highlighted the significant role of environmental perceptions in influencing individuals' mental health. Thus, the impact of the environment on mental well-being is undoubtedly substantial. Consequently, prioritizing security indicators, facilities, aesthetics, and destinations within the realm of environmental perception is highly recommended to enhance the overall mental health of community members. It is suggested that the provision of environmental factors preferred by residents be given due consideration in efforts to improve population health. By understanding people's preferences, effective measures can be taken to mitigate mental health risks associated with rapid urbanization in urban areas.

Background and purpose: Considering the effects of dengue fever on the health of people in the society and the role of climatic and environmental factors on the spread of this disease, this review study has investigated the climatic and environmental factors affecting the prevalence of dengue fever. Materials and methods: In this review, the academic papers, in English and persian languages, published until the beginning of August 2022 were investigated. These articles were searched in scientific databasese of Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "dengue fever", "dengue vector", "vector mosquito", "Aedes mosquito", "environmental factors", and "weather factors". Endnote X8 software was also used to organize, and study titles and abstracts of the articles. Results: Considering the impacts of environmental changes on mosquito population and its subsequent effect on the occurrence of dengue fever, the present study showed that changes in climatic factors including air temperature, rainfall, and humidity affect the frequency of dengue disease vectors. Land use and land cover change can affect mosquito population and dengue transmission by changing local ecology. Household waste and its accumulation around residential houses can also hold a significant amount of water as environmental pollutants and can be considered as a habitat for mosquito larvae such as Aedes species. Conclusion: The analysis of climatic and environmental factors has shown that environmental factors and weather changes can affect the occurrence of dengue fever.

Introduction: This research is aimed at identifying the pattern of antecedents and results of leadership self-development in organizations. Most organizations believe that a well-trained workforce is the key to success. Over the past century, training and development has evolved under the influence of changes in the nature of work, and professionals have made increasing demands on their ability to deal with uncertainty, adapt quickly to new information, and solve increasingly complex problems. The future requires a culture of continuous learning. 21st century learners must learn intrapersonal skills such as learning strategies to be able to determine and direct their own learning content. Formal learning programs are not only costly but also time-consuming, while informal learning programs reduce costs and save time. Also, it seems that employees who voluntarily participate in training activities have more learning than mandatory trainings, as a result, the focus on self-development as an alternative to formal trainings is increasing. Leaders as the tip of the arrow in the advancement of organizations must be able to quickly adapt to the rapid changes that occur in the demands of customers and the global economy. One of the approaches that today has many fans among various organizations and researches for the development of leadership capacity is leadership self-development.Methodology: In the present research, the method of Meta-synthesis has been used. Therefore, the research approach is qualitative and its method is Meta-synthesis research. n this research, it was done through its various stages, namely setting the research question, systematic study of literature, selection of suitable researches, extracting information from researches, analysis and combination of findings, quality control of findings and presentation of findings. In this research, the statistical population of the research includes researches and studies conducted in the period of 1970 to 2021 in the field of leadership self-development with the keywords self-development / self-directed learning / leadership development / leadership self-improvement / leadership self-help / distance learning / self-leadership development /Self-directed development/Self-directed leadership in databases (SID; Noormags; Magiran; Ganj; CIVILICA; Sciencedirect; DOAJ; scopus; ProQuest; Jstore; EBSCOhost; sage; Wiley; Springer; Emerald; PubMed; ERIC; Semantic Scholar & Google Scholar) were collected and a total of 2995 studies were selected and analyzed. Among the examined studies, after several stages of screening, 131 study units were selected and examined based on the review of the title, abstract and content of the research respectively. In conducting this screening, CASP helped a lot to check the quality of researches. . Related sources were coded by open, central and selective three-step coding. In order to check the quality of coding, reliability, verifiability and reliability were used for the findings, and Cohen's kappa coefficient for agreement between evaluators was obtained as 0.72. Results and Discussion: The identified antecedents for leadership self-development were classified into three categories: 1. Individual factors (including 19 components), 2. Organizational factors (including 5 components) and 3. Environmental factors (including 2 components). Also, the results and consequences identified for leadership self-development include two categories: 1. Individual results (including 8 components) and 2. Organizational results (including 7 components).Conclusion: Despite the studies that have been conducted in the field of leadership self-development, there is still no comprehensive model of the antecedents that are required for the implementation of leadership self-development and the results obtained from this implementation. For this reason, it was decided to review and combine past studies in a systematic review and provide a model that is more comprehensive and complete than the models presented for the antecedents and results of leadership self-development. By knowing the results obtained from this research, various organizations can get acquainted with the factors that are needed for leadership self-development in addition to recognizing the benefits of leadership self-development; When recruiting and promoting leaders, organizations can consider the individual factors required for leadership self-development as one of the criteria for recruitment and promotion, and the environmental and organizational factors required for leadership self-development in order to achieve results. They provided leadership self-development for the individual and the organization.

Safe sites are microhabitats that provide the basic requirements for seed dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling establishment. They reduce threats from seed predators, herbivores, pests, and competitors. We identified and assessed living and non-living safe sites in the rocky outcrops and their effects on species diversity at six sites along a rainfall gradient in the north of Iran. Four dominant plant species were considered as living safe sites, but crevices and rocks were attributed as the non-living safe sites. Ten transects of 10 meters long were established at each site, along the rainfall gradient. Plant abundance and canopy cover were measured for all species along the transects. Soil physiochemical properties, moisture and temperature were recorded at the safe sites along the transects and their adjacent open areas. Rainfall had a significant effect on species diversity in non-living and living safe sites. Abundance and evenness increased in all safe sites; diversity indices increased in living safe sites and decreased in non-living safe sites. Soil nitrogen, carbon, potassium, and clay were significantly higher under the nurse shrubs. Results of this research indicate the crucial role of safe sites in maintaining the diversity of plant species under the harsh conditions of stressful environments on the limestone outcrops.

One of the most important types of erosion that causes widespread land degradation is gully erosion which has many changes in different climates. In this study, environmental factors such as soil type information layers, Lithology, land use, NDVI, precipitation, Drainage density and distance to drainage and climate type were obtained using GIS for Sarab Halil watershed of Kerman province. Then, using PCA method, the most important environmental factors were identified and finally, using entropy maximum model, the map of the areas prone to gully erosion was obtained using environmental factors. The results showed that the most important environmental factors affecting gully erosion in the study area are climate, lithology, precipitation and soil type. Map of susceptible areas of gully erosion to environmental factors showed that environmental factors in east, south and southeast have more effects on reducing gully erosion and increase to the center of watershed and north and west of the watershed and the effects of environmental factors in increasing gully erosion increase. Meanwhile, the AUC in calibration modes of entropy maximum model was 0.861 and in validation mode was 0.837. Therefore, the entropy maximum model showed excellent ability to predict prone areas to gully erosion and the model is assumed to be excellent.

Introduction and goalThe phenomenon of flood is one of the frequent hazards that have caused financial losses and many lives in Iran in the last decade. One of the three main natural hazards of Iran is the occurrence of floods, and it is safe to say that a large flood occurs at least once a year in some part of this country. Floods are considered as a great threat to human life by damaging or killing people and animals, especially buildings and houses, agricultural land and crop production, urban infrastructure, bridges and roads. Floods in Iran cause a lot of damage from an economic point of view; it causes destruction of the environment, natural and residential resources and loss of life. In the past years, about 70% of the annual credits of the plan to reduce the effects of natural disasters and the headquarters of unexpected events have been used to compensate for the damages caused by floods. In this research, by using flood location data and using machine learning models and random forest data mining and the weight of evidence and their combination, the spatial prediction of flood prone areas has been discussed.Materials and methodsIn this research, combined models and 11 predicting variables of flood probability in Karkheh watershed located in Lorestan province have been used. These variables include maps of geomorphometric indicators, including topographic humidity index, relative slope position and topographic position index, hydrological maps including: drainage density and distance from the drainage network, for this purpose, first, data mining models for the initial analysis of the relationships between environmental variables and events Past risks are used and their results are used as input data for machine learning models. Flood data were randomly divided into two groups: training (70%) and validation (30%). Prediction accuracy was evaluated using operating characteristic curve (ROC) method.Results and discussionAccording to the results of the random forest model, the accuracy was 0.904, the weight of evidence was 0.886, and the combined model of random forest - the weight of evidence was 0.978. Based on the combined model of random forest and the weight of evidence as the superior model, 20.49% of the surface has medium upward potential. Based on the random forest model, drainage density, distance from waterways, height and land use were the most important factors affecting flood potential.

Background and Objective: In this research, considering the importance of the adverse effects of the Covid-19 disease and identifying the environmental factors involved in its outbreak, the effects of environmental factors and compliance with health guidelines on outbreak and mortality of Covid-19 have been evaluated. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical study on confirmed patients with Covid-19 in Alborz province in 2019. In this study, outbreak rate and death due to Covid-19, compliance with health guidelines, air pollutants concentrations, air pollution indicators, and the meteorological conditions of Alborz province were daily collected for 2019. All data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics v26 software with Pearson, Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way variance ANOVA analysis tests, and negative binomial regression statistical models. Results: The results of the regression model showed that in the mortality rate due to Covid-19, the variables of average temperature(p=0.042), humidity(p=0.048), rate of Covid-19 infection(p=0.001), and compliance with health guidelines(p=0.007) are significant. However, in the model of the rate of infection with Covid-19, only compliance with health guidelines(p=0.001) was significant. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients for infection rate, compliance with health guidelines, wind speed, and concentrations of carbon monoxide, PM2.5, and SO2 with the death rate due to corona, were 0.575, -0.411, -0.206, 0.211, 0.114 and -0.158. Conclusion: The results showed that in addition to compliance with health guidelines, some atmospheric factors and air pollutants also impact the rate of infection and mortality caused by Covid-19.

Background and purpose: Considering the effects of dengue fever on the health of people in the society and the role of climatic and environmental factors on the spread of this disease, this review study has investigated the climatic and environmental factors affecting the prevalence of dengue fever. Materials and methods: In this review, the academic papers, in English and persian languages, published until the beginning of August 2022 were investigated. These articles were searched in scientific databasese of Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "dengue fever", "dengue vector", "vector mosquito", "Aedes mosquito", "environmental factors", and "weather factors". Endnote X8 software was also used to organize, and study titles and abstracts of the articles. Results: Considering the impacts of environmental changes on mosquito population and its subsequent effect on the occurrence of dengue fever, the present study showed that changes in climatic factors including air temperature, rainfall, and humidity affect the frequency of dengue disease vectors. Land use and land cover change can affect mosquito population and dengue transmission by changing local ecology. Household waste and its accumulation around residential houses can also hold a significant amount of water as environmental pollutants and can be considered as a habitat for mosquito larvae such as Aedes species. Conclusion: The analysis of climatic and environmental factors has shown that environmental factors and weather changes can affect the occurrence of dengue fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important types of erosion that causes widespread land degradation is gully erosion which has many changes in different climates. In this study, environmental factors such as soil type information layers, Lithology, land use, NDVI, precipitation, Drainage density and distance to drainage and climate type were obtained using GIS for Sarab Halil watershed of Kerman province. Then, using PCA method, the most important environmental factors were identified and finally, using entropy maximum model, the map of the areas prone to gully erosion was obtained using environmental factors. The results showed that the most important environmental factors affecting gully erosion in the study area are climate, lithology, precipitation and soil type. Map of susceptible areas of gully erosion to environmental factors showed that environmental factors in east, south and southeast have more effects on reducing gully erosion and increase to the center of watershed and north and west of the watershed and the effects of environmental factors in increasing gully erosion increase. Meanwhile, the AUC in calibration modes of entropy maximum model was 0.861 and in validation mode was 0.837. Therefore, the entropy maximum model showed excellent ability to predict prone areas to gully erosion and the model is assumed to be excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues caused by profit-making behavior of humans with nature on the one hand, and the need to carry out climate change adaptation programs on the other hand, as well as the inability of the governmental executive bodies to fully implement the programs, make it important for the broad participation of all groups, including non-governmental environmental organizations. Generally speaking, participation is influenced by various factors, one of which is utilizing cultural capital. The aim of this article is to sociologically analyze the impact of cultural capital of members of non-governmental organizations on environmental participation. The research method was survey and questionnaire method were used to collect data. The statistical community of the research was formed by all the members of environmental non-governmental organizations in Tehran, Iran. The sample size of 376 people was selected using the relative random sampling method and SPSS software was used for data processing and analysis. The results of the present study showed that the cultural capital and participation of most of the respondents is in the "average level and more" and with the increase of cultural capital and each of its dimensions separately, the participation increased. It also showed that the members with cultural capital were able to use creative mechanisms in the following cases. have a role: creating incentives for the participation of people and investors, implementing symbolic programs with the aim of promoting, transferring environmental knowledge and education, facilitating, demanding, empowering, increasing interaction with society, influencing the government and local communities, etc. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that environmental non-governmental organizations can play a role in creating sustainable fields among people and can be good promoters for building environmental issues at the community level.

IntroductionThe length of the growth period is the key to crop adaptation to new environments. It is strongly affected by the environment in such a way that it is possible to predict the length of the growing period based on some correlations with environmental factors. Simple models that quantify intraspecific variability in flowering responses to temperature and photoperiod can be useful for characterizing lines. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) shows considerable resistance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. Cardinal temperatures and day length at each development stage are necessary to find an appropriate model for predicting plant growth and development.Materials and MethodsTen separate experiments (10 planting dates included: 29 March, 29 April, 28 May, 28 June, 26 July, 23 August, 6 September, 20 September, 29 January, and 29 February) were conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factor consisted of five quinoa lines plus one cultivar (Titikaka). Five promising lines were modified at Yazd Salinity Research Center. Four lines belong to the middle maturing group, one to the late maturing group, and the Titikaka cultivar belongs to early maturing group. The time of beginning and end of each developmental stage, including germination, pollination, and seed maturity, was recorded. The response of developmental stages to temperature and photoperiod was used to determine the cardinal temperature and day length of the main developmental stages (emergence, flowering, and seed maturity).Results and DiscussionBased on the coefficient of determination (R2) it seems that the quadratic model is suitable for estimating the cardinal temperatures of germination, flowering, and ripening of quinoa seeds. Using both quadratic and segmented models to estimate the length of special days resulted to satisfactory robustness. The results showed that on days with a length of lesser than 12 hours and temperatures lesser than 30°C, the flowering rate increased with a simultaneous increase of temperature and day length. As the day length increased to 14 hours, the rate of flowering development changed more significantly when temperatures were between 19 and 25°C than at temperatures below 19°C. For all lines, increasing the day length or temperature resulting in an increased plant maturation rate (from flowering to seed maturity) at a constant temperature or day length. The optimal temperature range for all developmental stages of quinoa lines was between 20 and 25°C. There was a significant difference in the base temperatures of the developmental stages. The base temperature for germination of quinoa lines was above 0°C, the base temperature for flowering was between -2 and +2°C, and the base temperature for seed maturity was below 0°C. The maximum temperature of all quinoa developmental stages was above 40°C (42-51°C). At low temperatures, the flowering stage was more sensitive than the seed ripening stage. The critical day length for flowering and seed ripening of quinoa lines was between 11.5 to 12 hours.ConclusionsThe optimum temperature range for germination was obtained by 25-34°C, for flowering by 28-21°C, and for seed ripening by15-32°C. The optimum temperature of all developmental stages of quinoa lines was between 20 and 25°C. The optimum day length range for flowering is estimated at 11.37-34.12 hours and for seed ripening by 10.58-12.3 hours. Using the segmented and quadratic models to estimate quinoa cardinal temperature and photoperiod response resulted in the same estimations, although in most values, the quadratic model showed a higher coefficient of determination. In general, the results indicated that the temperature and day length have a compensatory effect on the flowering rate and seed ripening stages of the studied lines.

Safe sites are microhabitats that provide the basic requirements for seed dormancy breaking, germination, and seedling establishment. They reduce threats from seed predators, herbivores, pests, and competitors. We identified and assessed living and non-living safe sites in the rocky outcrops and their effects on species diversity at six sites along a rainfall gradient in the north of Iran. Four dominant plant species were considered as living safe sites, but crevices and rocks were attributed as the non-living safe sites. Ten transects of 10 meters long were established at each site, along the rainfall gradient. Plant abundance and canopy cover were measured for all species along the transects. Soil physiochemical properties, moisture and temperature were recorded at the safe sites along the transects and their adjacent open areas. Rainfall had a significant effect on species diversity in non-living and living safe sites. Abundance and evenness increased in all safe sites; diversity indices increased in living safe sites and decreased in non-living safe sites. Soil nitrogen, carbon, potassium, and clay were significantly higher under the nurse shrubs. Results of this research indicate the crucial role of safe sites in maintaining the diversity of plant species under the harsh conditions of stressful environments on the limestone outcrops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial forb belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves and flowers of this plant have medicinal properties, and its essential oil has been used for the treatment of dry coughs and inflammation of the mouth, throat, and respiratory tract. This study aimed to assess some phytochemical characteristics of Tussilago farfara L. and compare changes in this plant at different altitudes. Material & Methods: To investigate the changes in the amount of the effective substance of the studied plant in the altitude gradient, altitude classes of 1100-2600 meters were considered in Golestan province, Iran, considering the presence and abundance of the species. In each phenological stage (before and after flowering time), plant samples were randomly collected in each altitude class and transferred to the laboratory. Total phenol content and flavonoid content were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was also evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent. Findings: The results showed that the highest amounts of total phenol content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were observed at altitudes above 2200 meters, and there was a significant difference in plants (Tussilago farfara L.) grown in different altitudes in terms of phytochemical properties. Based on the comparison of phytochemical properties of this plant in different phenological stages, the highest content of total phenol and flavonoids were observed in the phonological stage of flowering and the highest (42.08%) antioxidant activity of leaves was observed in the vegetative stage. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study can help activists in the field of medicinal plants to determine the appropriate height range and phenological stage in harvesting the leaves of this plant to achieve the highest levels of phenol content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity.

Built environmental factors are one of the most important causes of urban crashes. Studies have shown that in addition to crash data, which have spatial heterogeneity, factors influencing crashes also have a spatial correlation. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the spatial effects of environmental factors on the frequency of crashes in Shiraz, Iran, at the TAZ level. In the first step of the study, using component analysis models, important environmental factors affecting the crash were identified, and composite indicators were produced as independent variables. In the second step, to control the effect of correlation and heterogeneity of model variables, spatial statistical models based on Euclidean distance such as geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), geographically weighted negative binomial distribution (GWNBR), as well as Poisson and distribution models Negative binomial based on neighbor distance is used in spatial Bayes method with INLA approach. The study's results showed that models based on distance and contiguity to evaluate the spatial effects of crash data and the factors affecting it at the TAZ level have higher accuracy than geographically weighted regression models, as well as indicators of land use diversity and access to the system. The public transport produced in the first step effectively increases the frequency of crashes, and in TAZs where this index is high, there is a higher probability of a crash. The results of this study can be important for city managers and planners to improve inner city safety measures, development planning, and future city measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fishing season of 2018, fishing information, atmospheric and marine information were collected for investigating the effect of environmental factors on the amount of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) and Sartiz (Metapanaeus affinis) in Bandar Abbas, Qeshm and Bandar Kolahi by Means of ranking tests, permutation test and regression calculations. According to the result obtained during 49 trawl operations, the total weight of shrimp was 1932 kg, including 1379 kg of Banana shrimp with an average of 12.56 (with a 95% confidence interval of 9.68 to 15.45) kg/hour and Jinga shrimp with an average of 5.18 (with about 95% confidence was recorded (3.69 to 6.68) kg/h. The RDA ranking chart showed that the CPUE of Banana shrimp had a direct and significant relationship with the factors including depth, rainfall, and sea surface temperature. In addition, it had a slight relationship with wind speed, cloudiness, humidity, salinity, and wave height. Instead, Jinga shrimp CPUE was directly related to salinity and sea surface temperature and was inversely related to wave height and humidity. Based on the permutation test results, these relationships were not significant. The effect of environmental factors on Banana shrimp CPUE by regression calculations showed that the variables of floating speed and salinity (P<0.01) and humidity and cloudiness (P<0.05) were significant in the negative binomial regression model. The pseudo-Poisson model indicated the variables of sea surface temperature (P<0.05) and salinity (P<0.1) had a significant effect on the CPUE of Jinga shrimp. The present study shows the extent and manner of influence (direct or inverse) of environmental factors on the amount of successful shrimp fishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of physical factors on the diversity of species of Carabidae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in three regions of Karaj, Eshtehard, and Taleghan, Alborz province. To this end, during 2015-2016, sampling was carried out using pitfall traps and physical factors. In this regard, the elevation, slope, direction, precipitation, temperature, soil texture, grain size of soil, and percentage of vegetation were recorded in each studied station. Based on the results, in total, 329 specimens including 38 species were identified in the three studied areas. Pearson and Spearman tests were used to investigate the relationships between the species diversity index (Shannon's Diversity Index) and the studied factors. Also, the effect of habitat physical parameters on the diversity of the species of Carabidae in the studied areas was analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results of the study showed that no significant relationship between the Shannon-Wiener Index and studied parameters (P

Introduction: Environmental and structural factors have a significant effect on the concentration of bioaerosols in the indoor air; however, this issue has not received enough attention in research. . Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution of bioaerosols and environmental factors affecting the concentration of bioaerosols by using an artificial neural network.Methods: In this study, the concentration of bioaerosols was determined using the inactive method for one hour in the human respiratory tract. The teypticas soy agar and sabouroud dextrose agar were used to culture bacteria and fungi; then, they were incubated at 15, 25, and 37° C. The independent variable includes three categories of structural variables (number of ward beds, room dimensions, and window dimensions), hospital management and management variables (ward air change per hour), and analytical variables (incubation temperature and type of culture medium). The effect of these variables was modeled by an artificial neural network with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.Results: This study showed that the distribution of bioaerosols in dialysis and surgery wards was higher than in other wards. Also, the artificial neural network can predict the effect of environmental and structural factors of the hospital on bioaerosols, especially fungi because the maximum and minimum concentrations of bacteria and fungi in the actual data were similar to the data predicted by the artificial neural network. In addition, the correlation coefficient for the fungi was 0.95, and the correlation rate between the actual data and the data predicted by the artificial neural network was higher than 0.92.Conclusion: ANN could be a desirable and reliable method for detecting bioaerosol in hospitals based on the environmental and structural parameters.

Introduction the age when menarche started as a reproductive trait has undergone a significant decline over the twentieth century which is widely attributed to environmental factors. The current study aims to investigate the environmental factors impacting menarche in the girl’s school in Kermanshah, Iran. Material and Method in this case-control study, 400 participants of age 12 and over were recruited based on a cluster sampling strategy from three neighborhoods in Kermanshah, Iran. The questionnaires were measured based on demography, and physical and socio-economical status items. Logistic regression, Independent sample T test, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square were used for statistical calculations. Results It was observed that the girls with early menarche were significantly taller (p<0.001) and heavier (p < 0.001) than non-menarcheal. The obese and overweight girls had respectively 3.36 and 2.55 higher chance of early age at menarche in comparison with normal BMI ones. The mean birth weight of early menarche girls was 0.18 kg lower than that of healthy girls. However, there was no significant difference in the age of complementary feeding and the breastfeeding period between the two groups. The girls who had low physical activity(OR=0/56, 95% CI 0/32-0/98), medium (OR=0/52, 95% CI 0/32-0/92), and high (OR=0/41, 95% CI 0/23-0/72), had respectively 44%, 48% and 59% lower risk of early menarche compared to inactive students. The statistical findings approved a correlation between the family income and premature menarche, whereas there was no correlation between parental education, occupational status, and early menarche. Finally, girls whose mothers had also early menarche tended to have the same experience compared to the control group. Conclusion the findings show that early menarche is associated with many environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shahdad (with the old name of Khabis), is a hot and dry region located on the western edge of the Lot plain. This region itself has been a part of a rich and relatively wide culture that has grown and developed and interacted with far and near civilizations. The purpose of this research is to identify the natural and human factors on the formation and decay of Shahdad's ancient civilization. The question of this research is, what are the most important environmental factors (natural and human) affecting the formation and decay of Shahdad civilization? The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical one, which was done using documentary and archeological data and reconstruction of the past environmental conditions in the studied area. Reconstruction of the past environmental conditions was done using field evidence, experimental relationships with the help of ArcGIS software. The results obtained from this research showed that the height above the sea level, the geographical location, the absence of extremely hot or cold weather, the increase in precipitation, the increase in river water, the alluvial and fertile soil, are the most important. Natural factors have been effective in the formation of Shahdad civilization. On the other hand, temperature fluctuations, torrential rains, flooding of rivers and floods were the most important natural factors affecting the decline of this civilization. Agriculture, the location of Souq-al-Jashi and two-way communication with neighboring nations have also been the most important human factors influencing the formation of Shahdad civilization. On the other hand, the decline of agriculture, the loss of the communication location of Souq-Al-Jashi, the disconnection with neighboring nations and civilizations were the most important human factors affecting the decline of Shahdad civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: There were relationships and interactions between plant species and environmental factors. Because there are many effecting environmental factors in natural ecosystems such as rangeland, it is necessary to determine the most important of them to save on cost and time in the management and rehabilitation programs. To achieve these relationships, there are several methods such as statistical methods including regression and ordination to use. The object of this research is to use logistical regression in the dry Sorkhdeh Rangelands in the Semnan provinces for determination most important soil, topography and climate factors. Material and Methods: The area was divided into 23 homogenous units based on slop, aspect, height and geology, and 10 plots 1m² were established in each unit for the sampling of vegetation. 6 plant species were recognized as dominant in the study area. 3 soil samples were taken at depths of 0-15 cm in each unit, with a total of 69. Overall, 16 environmental factors were measured, including 3 climatic (mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and men annual humidity), 3 topographic (slop, aspect and height) and 10 edaphic (carbon, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, CaCo3, pH, EC, percentage of sand, silt and clay) factors. Results: The results showed that the vegetation distribution is mainly related to soil characteristics such as soil texture, Caco3, N, EC, and topographic factors such as aspect, and slop. The presence of Salsola dendroides, had a relationship with EC and pH and Hypocylix kerneri had most effectives from sand percent. Salsola arbusculiformis had a direct relationship with Caco3 and clay percent. and Artemisia aucheri with C, mmps, Mmts. Salicornia herbaceae had direct relationships with pH, Clay, K, and Halocnemum strobilaceum with EC. All of the models were significant at p<0.01 level. Conclusion: As the results of the present research showed, this method was able to extract the most important factors and their effectiveness. Among the advantages of this method, can be referred the possibility of using data on the presence or absence of plant species without using other vegetation information, such as the percentage of plant cover, density and frequency, which are affected by the sampling method, plot size and fluctuation of rainfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: Dracocephalum lindbergii is one of the native medicinal plants in Lamiaceae family of Iran and it is growing natural habitats in the north east of Iran. In order, this plant know ecological characteristic for introduce and artificial revegetation on dryland farming and then use in medical industries. Such as this plant natural sites were controlled of destroying. This study was executed in rangeland and dryland artificial revegetation from 2018 to 2021 in Bojnourd. Material and Methods: In the range site, the studies were climatically (precipitation, temperature, climate) characteristic and vegetable variation including plant height, length and wide of diameter, density, Canopy cover percentage and Estimating biomass, physical and chemical analyses of the soil. In order to artificial revegetation the medicinal species of Dracocephalum lindbergii, a special dryland was selected at an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level on the northern slope in Godali Salakh area. Planting was done by two methods of plant division and transplanting. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using independent t-test and principal component analysis. Results: The results revealed that this species could be adapted for regions with semiarid- cold climate, annual rainfall average of 295 mm and annual temperature average of 11.28 c°. This species has dispersed in north, south, east and west slope and altitude 1200- 1900 m of sea level in rocky areas. The soil of area is calcareous with sandy-loom texture. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variables of sand, silt, lime percentage, organic matter and cation exchange capacity had significant correlations with the first axis and explained the 37.2% variation. In the site and dryland artificial revegetation, Average of canopy covers and production were 0.147, 57.68% and 2.83, 1619.68 kg in hectare respectively. Conclusion: The present survey findings can property a suitable management approach for farmer, planners and policymakers to make a sound decision regarding the soil and plant protects in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at assessing the effect of altitude and the most important soil components on vegetation characteristics in the Asalem Watershed basin. For this purpose, 160 0.1 ha circular plots, were established along altitude gradient. Vegetation layers and soil physio-chemical characteristics were measured within sampling plot. The results of vegetation composition in different vegetation layers showed a fluctuation along the altitude gradients. Soil physical characteristics did not indicate specific variation pattern. Whereas, soil organic carbon was increased significantly along altitude (P≤ 0.01). The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated a positive correlation between soil Ph and diameter at breast height (DBH) of Diospyros lotus, Parrotia persica, Quercus castaneifolia and Sorbus torminalis species. In shrub layer, there was a significant correlation between density of species and environmental factors. The density of Evonymus latifolia and Vaccinium arctostaphylos had a significant relationship with altitude, the percentage of phosphorus and silt, directly. In the herbaceous layer, significant relationship belonged to percentage over of Festuca drymeia, Lathyrus laxiflorus, Potentilla micrantha, Veronica persica and Viola odorata with altitude and percentage of organic carbon. According to the results, it can be noted that the altitude is the main factor in the distribution pattern of vegetation composition in the study area. Changes in environmental conditions along the gradient, are effective on the quality and quantity of soil organic matter through vegetation changes which provide favorable conditions for the establishment of a specific plant species

Introduction: Knowledge of weed biology helps to optimize weed management strategies and avoid unnecessary weed control input by for example accurate prediction of emergence timing of the weeds. According to the available references, 200 species of dodder have been reported in the world of which 18 species are in Iran. Among the 18 reported species in Iran, Cuscuta campestris and Cuscuta monogyna cause the greatest damage to crops and horticultural products in Iran. Cuscuta monogyna (Vahl), a member of the Cuscutaceae family, is a non-specific aboveground holoparasite, and as such is totally dependent on its host plant for assimilates, nutrients and water supply. Eastern dodder is one of the important dodder species that parasite fruit trees and ornamental shrubs. Each eastern dodder plant produces greater than 3000 seeds of which low percentage germinate in the first year. In the field, dodder started to germinate in March or April when daily average soil temperatures reached 10°C, and maximum germination was observed in May or June when daily average soil temperatures reached 20°C. After germination, seedlings of Cuscuta spp. Undergo a non-parasitic phase of growth, dependent on seed reserves, for 2–3 weeks. To improve management systems for specific weed species, it is critical to have good information on seed dormancy, persistence, production, seasonal germination, seedling emergence, and variations among populations. The objective of the present study was to effect of temperature and salinity on two eastern dodder (Cuscuta monogyna Vahl) ecotypes seed germination characteristics.Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of salinity and temperatures on seed germination chrachteristics of two eastern dodder ecotypes experiments were conducted based on factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in the Research Laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Faculty of Agriculture during 2015 and 2016. Treatments include salinity stress in 8 levels (0 (Control), -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 Mpa) and temperature at 8 levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40oC). After 14 days, seeds in treatment solutions were no longer germinating, so all germinated seedlings were removed and un-germinated seeds of the highest salinity treatment (-1.2 Mpa NaCl) were rinsed with distilled water and placed back in their dishes with 5 mL of distilled water for 14 more days.Results and Discussion: Results showed that with increasing salinity at each level of temperature germination rate and percentage reduced in both ecotypes, so that in potential -1.2 Mpa germination was stopped in both ecotypes. In both ecotypes germination stamped at 5, 10 and 40 ̊C temperatures in all levels of salinity. In both ecotypes the highest percentage and rate of germination were indicated at control treatment salinity and 25 and 30 ̊C temperatures. It is believed that the effect of high concentration of NaCl at high temperatures can be attributed to the toxic sodium that causes irreversible damage. According to the results Bardaskan ecotype was better than Qouchan ecotype in view of germination at high levels of temperatures and salinity treatments. The three parameter logistic model provided a satisfactory fit for the response of seed germination to NaCl concentration. The effective salinity for reducing of 50% seed germination in Qouchan ecotype at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ̊C temperatures were -0.79, -0.86, -0.87, -0.77 and -0.68 Mpa and in Bardaskan ecotype were -0.93, -0.93, -0.95, -0.90 and -0.75 Mpa respectively. Recovering the ungerminated seeds from the salinity level of -1.2 Mpa and reincubating them with distilled water resulted in a germination of 70% in both ecotypes, indicating that enforced seed dormancy was mainly because of an osmotic effect, as opposed to toxicity owing to an ionic effect.Conclusion: This study shows that eastern dodder has capacity to survive and reproduce even under a higher temperature and higher degree of salinity stress. The information of this study would be helpful for estimating the potential of this species to spread to new areas and for the improvement of this parasitic weed species management programs. As is evident from these experiments, the effective, long-term reduction of eastern dodder populations will require the use of an integrated weed management approach.

Background and objectives: In order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems, it is necessary to study the relationship between ecological factors in nature such as elevation, climate and soil factors with vegetation and living organisms. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between species diversity and environmental factors (Physical and chemical characteristics of soil, topographic and physiographic characteristics) in the mountain rangelands of Chahar Bagh Golestan. Methodology: The study area of Chaharbagh Golestan mountain rangelands with an area of about 9,000 hectares is located 45 km southeast of Gorgan city. 6 plant types were identified, for sampling and measurement. In each plant type, 3 transects of 300 meters were established and 10 plots along each transect and a total of 30 plots on each plant type were used. In each plot, the percentage of individual species coverage was estimated. Also, on each transect, soil samples were taken from the first and last plots. The depth at which samples were taked was dependent on the rooting zont of the dominant plants. After sieving, soil samples were transferred to the laboratory to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including soil texture, EC, pH, K, P, lime, saturated moisture, and the amount of organic matter. Slope, direction and height above sea level were measured at each soil sampling point. Average slope, modified direction and average height were measured for each plant type. In order to investigate the relationship between species diversity with topographic and physiographic characteristics and soil characteristics of plant types, classification methods were used. Based on the length of the gradient, the redundancy analysis method was used as a linear method to classify species diversity with environmental factors. All statistical calculations for classification were performed using Canoco software version 5 and calculations related to species diversity were performed using PAST software version 3.17. Results: The results of Margalf average (14.12) and Taxa (41) indices in type 1 (Ar au-St ba) are higher than other types. Also, the mean Shannon (3.306) and evenness (0.91) indices in type 6 (Ho vi-Cr ko-Ag in) are higher than other types. Ju po-On co-St ba type has the highest slope value (51.6%), and St ba-On co type has the lowest (5.6%). The results showed that the values of Simpson evenness indices and Shannon-Wiener species diversity of plant types are also affected by slope, organic carbon content and electrical conductivity. The slope factor is the most important factor affecting Simpson evenness indices and Shannon-Weiner species diversity. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the relationship between the characteristics of the types and the indices of plant diversity is significant. The results showed that with increasing the amount of K and EC, the amount of evenness index also increases. The results also showed that with increasing lime and pH factors, the amount of Shannon index increases. Shannon indices are inversely related to directional slope and height factors. Also, according to the results, with increasing clay factors, saturation moisture and pebbles, the value of Margalf index increases. According to the results of Margalf index, it has an inverse relationship with sand factor. Conclusion: In general, physiographic and topographic characteristics have had the greatest impact on species richness, and soil chemical properties on the amount of evenness and species diversity of types. In general, the slope of the types is the most important environmental factor affecting the indicators of species diversity. According to the results of the present study, changes in species diversity indices can be used as an index to improve the condition of rangelands in the region and also in deciding on appropriate management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial forb belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves and flowers of this plant have medicinal properties, and its essential oil has been used for the treatment of dry coughs and inflammation of the mouth, throat, and respiratory tract. This study aimed to assess some phytochemical characteristics of Tussilago farfara L. and compare changes in this plant at different altitudes. Material & Methods: To investigate the changes in the amount of the effective substance of the studied plant in the altitude gradient, altitude classes of 1100-2600 meters were considered in Golestan province, Iran, considering the presence and abundance of the species. In each phenological stage (before and after flowering time), plant samples were randomly collected in each altitude class and transferred to the laboratory. Total phenol content and flavonoid content were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was also evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) reagent. Findings: The results showed that the highest amounts of total phenol content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were observed at altitudes above 2200 meters, and there was a significant difference in plants (Tussilago farfara L.) grown in different altitudes in terms of phytochemical properties. Based on the comparison of phytochemical properties of this plant in different phenological stages, the highest content of total phenol and flavonoids were observed in the phonological stage of flowering and the highest (42.08%) antioxidant activity of leaves was observed in the vegetative stage. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study can help activists in the field of medicinal plants to determine the appropriate height range and phenological stage in harvesting the leaves of this plant to achieve the highest levels of phenol content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine the effect of rainbow trout culture in floating cage on the distribution and structure of Phytoplankton community in the Abbas Abad area, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, water and phytoplankton samples were collected by a distances of 5, 50, 100 and 1000 m from the cage culture during December 2014 (pre cage), March and April (production period) and August 2015 (post cage). The results of physicochemical factors of water showed that most of the measured parameters had significant differences only among different sampling periods (P<0.05). In this study, 42 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to five phyla (with the dominance of Bacillariophyta) were identified. The results showed that the abundance of most dominant phytoplankton samples had a significant difference during different periods (P<0.05), but this significant difference between different stations was observed for few species studied only. Also, the results of determining the effect of environmental factors using CCA test on the Bacillariophyta abundance showed a minor impact and a positive correlation with turbidity and total nitrogen, While the effect of temperature and ammonium on its abundance was negative. It seems that the rainbow trout cage culture in the Abbas Abad region had a minor impact on water quality factors and nutrients concentration probably due to short duration of cage culture activity and high velocity currents, but no remarkable effect on phytoplankton structure in the vicinity of fish cages, so that the observed changes were more associated with seasonal fluctuant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of physical factors on the diversity of species of Carabidae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in three regions of Karaj, Eshtehard, and Taleghan, Alborz province. To this end, during 2015- 2016, sampling was carried out using pitfall traps and physical factors. In this regard, the elevation, slope, direction, precipitation, temperature, soil texture, grain size of soil, and percentage of vegetation were recorded in each studied station. Based on the results, in total, 329 specimens including 38 species were identified in the three studied areas. Pearson and Spearman tests were used to investigate the relationships between the species diversity index (Shannon's Diversity Index) and the studied factors. Also, the effect of habitat physical parameters on the diversity of the species of Carabidae in the studied areas was analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results of the study showed that no significant relationship between the Shannon-Wiener Index and studied parameters (P<0.05). Species diversity was affected by temperature, the three parameters of altitude, soil texture, and grain size of soil, and the four parameters of direction, slope, precipitation, and vegetation percentage in Karaj, Eshtehard, and Taleghan, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hospitals and medical centers, as places that provide health services, play an essential role in increasing patient satisfaction, reducing stress, and promoting health in patients, as well as training medical staff. This study aims to identify some traditional medicine centers in the world and assess their architectural features. Methods: This is a review study using descriptive survey method. Information were collected from traditional medicine books and online sources using a library method. While reviewing the design of 4 traditional medicine centers, it tries to propose designs to improve the physical and mental states of patients in these centers. Results: Sufficient light, color, decorations and motifs, natural construction materials, and diversity in creating green space were the important parameters in designing traditional medicine centers. Conclusion: It is possible to control the temperament (Mizaj) balance and find a specific architectural pattern by designing traditional medicine centers based on the mentioned parameters. Due to the importance of these parameters and their psychological impact on patients, they can be used for improvement of mental health in the community.

Background and objectives: Platychaete aucheri (Boiss.) Boiss., is a bush plant of Asteraceae family. It is one of the exclusive and important species of rangelands in the south of Iran. Geographically it could be seen in Fars, Kerman, Bushehr, and Hormozgan provinces. This species could be used in desertification contol and revived rangelands in the southern regions of Iran. Adaptability of the species in arid environments, resistant to animal grazing, water and wind erosion resilience, bee keeping and traditional medicine use, make it a multi-functional species in desertification projects in the south of Iran. Methodology: Samples were taken in a random-systematic method inside the plots located along the linear (ransects. 90 plots were used for the three regions of Bastak, Sirmand and Gnu (the main habitats of the species). Topographical factors such as height above sea level, slope steep percentage and geographical direction were determined for each plot. In each of the ecological sites, parameters such as frequency, number of plants, and canopy coverage percentage of each species located inside the plots were measured. Inside each plot, parameters such as bare soil, litter and stones and gravels percentages were also measured. Forage production of Platychaete aucheri was calculated by cutting and weighing inside each plot. Also, in each plot, a soil sample (mixed from 3 soil samples) was collected at the depth of 60 cm. Then physical and chemical characteristics of soil samples were analyzed. hr this research, we used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) for determination of ecological needs of the species with an emphasis on determining the ecological factors affecting vegetation changes and its reply to ecological factors. Data were analyzed in SPSS17 and CANOC4.5 environments. Three main habitats of Platychaete aucheri, Bastak, Sirmand, and Geno, were selected. Vegetation samples were taken is a systematic-random method. Results: Soil analysis showed that all measured parameters except for soil acidity, were significantly different in habitats (p<0.05). Electical conductivity, percentage of sahrration, and silt were highest in Bastak. Lime and sand were highest in Sirmand. Organic carbon, nitogen, and clay were highest in Geno. Soil texhrre was loam and sandy-loam in Bastak, sandy-loam in Sirmand, and sandy-clay-loam in Geno. Total canopy coverage, forage production and number of plants per hectare, litter percentage, and plant height were the highest for Sirmand samples. The highest bare soil percentage was measured in Bastak. The response pattern of Platychaete aucheri along the slope of sand and lime percentage followed the monotonic increase model. With increasing the mentioned values, frequency and percentage of canopy cover were increased too. Adversely, the silt and land slope responses of the species along the slope percentage followed the monotonic decrease model. With increasing the amount of these factors, the frequency and percentage of canopy coverage decreased. The response pattern of the species along the electtical conductivity slope followed the bell model (Unimodal) and its optimal growth limit for this factor was 25 dS/m. The reaction of the plant to sea level and soil moishrre followed the Bimodal model. This model indicates the existence of a competitive constraint along the peripheral slope. Conclusion: The results of this sttrdy showed that the frequency and canopy coverage of Platychaete aucheri increased with the increase of slope, sand and lime percentage and declining percentage of silt and slope of the land. The optimal growth sittration for this factor was 25 dS/m. The reaction of this plant to sea level and soil moisttrre followed the Bimodal model. The sttrdy of Platychaete aucheri for slope, topography and soil factors, provided valuable information on the ecological needs of this species that can be considered in vegetation management and rangeland improvement operations in similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended Abstract Abstract The main purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the effects of environmental factors on the development of entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah. The proposed model was examined in the form of two categories of external factors including cultural, social, economic, political and internal factors including financial support, technology, structure and process. The method of the present study is a fundamental research in terms of purpose and an exploratory research in terms of method. The expert population of the study is university professors specializing in the relevant field, experts and banking experts aware of the field of entrepreneurship. Due to the limited expert population, sampling was not done and 15 people were selected as the expert sample by the census method. In this research, fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to determine the components and dimensions of environmental factors to formulate entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to members of the expert population, which identified a total of 7 main dimensions, 21 sub-dimensions and 40 components as environmental factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah. Introduction In recent decades, entrepreneurship has been considered as one of the key issues in the field of policy (Nurbek et al., 2014). Entrepreneurship is considered as the engine of economic growth and social development, and policymakers are currently looking for how to create a dynamic and competitive entrepreneurial economy (Tessi et al., 2011). Economic development is growth along with increasing productive, physical, human and social capacities. The purpose of economic development is to increase the wealth and well-being of the people of the society and create employment. The trend of economic development in developed countries reflects the fact that the economy is influenced by entrepreneurship, so that entrepreneurs play a pivotal role in the economic development of developed countries (OECD, 2017). In recent decades, governments have strongly encouraged entrepreneurship. Governments by formulating strategies, policies and practical programs to promote entrepreneurial spirit and behavior, education and consulting, creating a suitable environment for entrepreneurs in various socio-economic areas, removing barriers, establishing communication and cooperation between them And facilitating their access to global markets play an effective role in entrepreneurship development in providing the necessary conditions and facilities for entrepreneurs to start their activities (Lindstrom and Stevenson, 2005). This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge and for the development of this phenomenon in the bank, looking for answers to these questions: What are the environmental factors and components affecting the formulation of entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah? Case study The population of the preparation of the questionnaire consisted of experts is that the two groups of scientific experts, including professors, policy making and academic entrepreneurship consists of 5 members and experts in the organization, including senior management of Bank Sepah, which on entrepreneurship necessary information and in formulating policies for the banks involved , which numbers 10 people. We also do not have sampling in this study. Theoretical framework In this research, through library studies and research background, the primary environmental factors of entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah were identified. Subsequently, during interviews with experts within the organization, these components were classified into two categories, internal and external, and unrelated components were removed. Finally, the conceptual framework of the research was designed using the performed classification, which includes 7 dimensions in the form of 40 components. In order to identify and reach an agreement to identify the final environmental factors, I will use the scientific technique, ie the fuzzy Delphi method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among the community of experts, which included 15 university professors and senior managers of Bank Sepah. After collecting the questionnaires and collecting information from the fuzzy Delphi technique, we will identify and rank the factors. Methodology The present study is a fundamental research in terms of purpose because it seeks to develop a new model of the policy-making process with an entrepreneurial approach for Bank Sepah. Also, considering that there is not much information about Bank Sepah policy model and it seeks to explore the effective components in developing a policy model, so in terms of nature, it is also an exploratory research. This research has an integrated approach that is used simultaneously qualitatively and quantitatively by deductive and inductive methods. In this research, first, the initial content was prepared based on the existing literature in the field of entrepreneurial policies with a systematic approach. Then, a number of experts and managers with banking experience, as well as experienced employees of Bank Sepah (queue and headquarters) along with a qualitative description of entrepreneurial policies with systemic approach and a description of mental conditions about the people in question, the options that The basis of the extracted literature is selected according to their compliance with the conditions of Bank Sepah. Discussion and Results According to the research results, it can be concluded that according to the values, average Likert score, fuzzy numbers, average acceptance threshold, component rank and agreement percentage, members of the expert population 40 components and 7 cultural, social, economic, political dimensions. , Identified financial support, technology, structure and process as environmental dimensions influencing the development of entrepreneurial policies. Conclusion In this article, we identified the environmental factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial policies in Bank Sepah. First, a conceptual framework for the influential environmental factors of the research was prepared through previous studies and interviews with experts in the field of entrepreneurship. Then, in order to identify and reach an agreement to identify the final environmental factors, we used the scientific technique, ie the fuzzy Delphi method. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among the community of experts, which included 15 university professors and senior managers of Bank Sepah. After collecting the questionnaires and collecting information, the fuzzy Delphi technique was performed in two rounds. Finally, members of the Delphi panel consisting of 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship, the bank had a total of 7 dimensions and 40 factors as dimensions and parameters affecting policy entrepreneurial Bank Sepah have identified that a comprehensive model process for policy Entrepreneurship is in the field of banking and can be a reference for future studies of entrepreneurship researchers in the field of banking. The second advantage of this research is in discussing the method, which is a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative analysis appropriate to the organizational environment of Bank Sepah.

The oil industry has a great share in the energy structure and the global economy, and the planning of strategic and operational levels of its supply chain is done with the objective of improving the competitive status of countries on the global level and economic development. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented for designing the crude oil supply chain through considering related facility location, demand allocation, transportation planning, and distribution. In the proposed model, environmental requirements for emitted greenhouse gas are considered such that the greenhouse gas emission from the transportation of oil may not be greater than a given limit. Since the exact values of parameters can rarely be determined in the real world, therefore, the uncertainty associated with parameters such as budget, transportation capacity, production units capacity, export volume, the amount of crude oil extraction and production, demand for refinery products and their production rate are considered in the proposed model. To handle the uncertainty of the model parameters, the robust optimization approach is applied. Numerical results verify the efficiency of the proposed model and show that the profitability of oil industry can be guaranteed by handling the uncertainties of parameters and appropriate production and distribution management.

Psychological studies emphasize the deep connection between beauty and the feeling of peace and security. In today's society, human beings are facing unalike environmental changes. The creation of residential complexes is one of aforementioned fluctuations in the environmental structure of the society. One issue that can be raised is the impact of residential complexes, as new structural alterations, on the security of individuals. Hence, aesthetics is a science that can be applied to generate a sense of safety. Today, the existence of security, as one of the foremost requirements of human beings, is one of the most vital structural factors in the quality of life. This research has been accomplished with a descriptive and analytical method and with the application of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The present study population includes more than 2000 as the research sample. After distributing the questionnaire, data was analyzed using SPSS software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings show that the five main factors have a significant impact on environmental security and crime reduction in the context of residential complexes. These 5 factors are physical security, surveillance, fear of crime, territory, management and maintenance. After comparing their means in the sample group, the results showed that the component of surveillance has a high average and the component of fear of crime beheld a lower average. Other variables (physical security, territory, and management and maintenance) also had a moderate value. Therefore, physical security, supervision, fear of crime, territory, management and maintenance have a significant role in environmental security in the context of residential complexes. Paying attention to these components along with creating natural environments has an imperative role in stabilizing the space with the dominance of beautiful and relaxing structures in residential complexes. Research aims: 1. Investigating the role of aesthetic structures in creating a sense of security in residential complexes. 2. Identifying the most effective factors on the security of the residential context. Research questions: 1. What factors play a role in creating environmental aesthetic structures in residential complexes? 2. Which factors have the greatest impact on creating a sense of security in the residential context?

Objective: Costing systems are among the foundations that have gained prominence in the new world of cost management. The purpose of this study is, by innovation and contingent theories, to investigate 1. What constructs should be selected for successful implementation of costing systems? 2. Why there is a gap between theory and practice in these systems? In this regard, the influence oforganizational, technological, environmental, costs and other factors relating to the PFABC system, as the most contemporary ABC system, were investigated. Methods: This research adopts the quantitative approach and survey method. First, by library research approach and utilizing the literature of innovation and expectancy theories, a conceptual model was developed. Second, by adopting content analysis, the major imputing constructs of the framework were identified and tested. A five scale Likert type of questionnaire was employed to collect necessary data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested by the face validity and Crohnbach's alpha, respectively. The statistical population consists of all the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies. In 2018, 450 questionnaires were sent to (TSE) corporate executives and 262 usable responses were collected. Structural Modeling equations, SPSS and SMARTPLS softwares were used to analyze the results. Results: By introducing a comprehensive framework, the results showed that all constructs relating to organizational (management's support, employee's support, education, type of the industry, organization's size, and tendency of management towards risk), technology, (product variety, product complexity, and volume of the overhead) environment (type of the organization's strategy, competition, role of the government, and culture) cost factors (implementation costs and maintenance costs of the system), and other construct (cost saving, integration of the system, and timing of the system implementation) had a positive and significant effect on the implementation of the PFABC costing system. The environmental factors with the coefficient of (0.997) had the greatest impact, followed by cost factors (0.996), technology factors (0.993) and organizational factors (0.981) respectively. However, there was no meaningful relationship between the constructs related of other factors (desire to save, system integration and time of system implementation) and implementation of the PFABC costing system. Conclusion: The most important constructs that influence the successful implementation of a costing system are relating to organizational, technological, environmental and cost factors. These are also the major factors responsible for the existence of a gap between theory and practice. The application of ABC, TDABC, and PFABC among TSE firms, was 6.1%, 0.04% and 0% accordingly, hence, there is a huge gap between theory and practice.

Background and Objectives: Satisfaction with the environment is one of the human aspirations, in the other words, satisfaction is an ideal concept that provides an appropriate context for empowering individuals and socializing them in order to participate and interfere in their affairs and ultimately in the field of social development. In this regard, one of the roles of designers and architects has been to create a suitable relationship between humans and their environment. Therefore, considering the importance of life satisfaction, educational spaces should provide this feeling of satisfaction for their users. One of the main goals of educational spaces is to achieve success and academic achievement, which in order to improve their goals, should create a suitable and quality space in all dimensions to improve the comprehensive skills for students. In order to stimulate students to learn, learning environment must be effective, safe, capable, positive, personalized, and responsive to the needs of students. Therefore, it has been very important to attention to the environment and environmental factors in providing students' satisfaction and ultimately their academic success. For this reason, one of the subsets of behavioral sciences, has been called environmental psychology that addressed on various human behaviors. In this study, the relationship between satisfactions of effective environmental factors with academic success has been considered among students. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective environmental factors of the university on students' academic achievement and then to evaluate the effectiveness of these factors. Methods: The base method in this research is qualitative but for considering to investigate the results the quantitative and qualitative research method has been used. Therefore, library studies and Observational research have been used to discover the relationship between variables. In the quantitative section, two standard questionnaires were prepared among PhD students of architecture in Azad University of Shiraz, both of which had acceptable validity and reliability. A questionnaire was used to measure the students' satisfaction with the environmental factors of the university, and another questionnaire was used to measure the academic achievement of the same students. The statistical population of the study was calculated using Cochran's formula, which included 54 PhD students, and the results of the questionnaires were extracted by performing statistical calculations in SPSS software. Findings:According to the research findings, with increasing level of satisfaction with environmental factors of university, academic achievement also increased and this correlation was about 0.308‌ By calculating the Pearson coefficient, which indicates a significant relationship and indicates individual adjustment with university. Students with a high level of satisfaction with the environmental factors of the university had very good grades and academic performance and students who were dissatisfied with their studies were not very successful. Conclusion: According to the research findings, environmental factors such as light, thermal comfort, spatial proportions, furniture, green space, entrance, accessibility, noise, materials and colors have been studied. Among these factors, the highest level of satisfaction in environmental factors is furniture, spatial proportions and light, and other environmental factors have had a positive effect on the quality and educational efficiency of the university environment. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. =====================================================================================

Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f. is a medicine plant. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on amount of essential oil of Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f at 8 habitats in Yazd province to determine optimal environmental factors for rangeland management and reclamation. Soil samples were collected and measured phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium and pH, electrical conductivity, and sand, silt, and clay (Hydrometric) at three replications from each habitat. Topographic factors including elevation, slop, and aspect were recorded in habitats. Plant samples in three replications in 8 habitat and essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation for 3 hours. Investigation on the correlation between essential oils and some ecological factors were done by using Redundancy Analysis v. 4. Comparison of means were done using Tukey tests (p≤ 0.05). Number of identified chemical compounds were 31 that 24 components had different between habitats. Results showed that the active ingredients in Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f including α-Thujene, α-Terpinene, p-Cymene, (Z) -β-Ocimene, γ-Terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, cis-Sabinene hydrate, α-Terpinolene, 4aβ, 7α, 7aα-nepetalactone and 4aα, 7α, 7aβ-nepetalactone had significant differences at 95% level in growing and flowering phases, and 8 habitats.The active substances of 1, 8-Cineole, cis-Sabinene hydrate, trans-Caryophyllene and Limonene had most of amount in the growing phase and the Rose furan epoxide, 4 aβ, 7α, 7aα-nepetalactone, α-Pinene, cis-Linalool oxide, α -Terpinolene in the flowering phase.Eelectrical conductivity, potassium, sand and elevation from sea level among environmental factors,had more effects in flowering phase. Scine, Thghiabad and Dehbala habitats had better situations of environmental factors and the essential oil are recommended to ude from the species of these habitats for reclamation of regions with similar environmental factors. Also these habitats were determined as the optimal habitats for this species in Yazd province.

The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Level of Satisfaction, emotions, and Behavioral Intentions of Hospitalized Patients Arvaneh Marjan1, Toulabi Zeinab2*, Shojaeian Pari1 1. MSc of Business Administration, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran 2. Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran *Corresponding Author: Zeinab Toulabi Address: Ilam University, Pazhouhesh Blvd, Ilam, Iran Tel: 00988432224853 Email: tolabi70@yahoo.com Abstract: Background & Objectives: In the competitive market of medical services, providing quality services and building a strong relationship that shapes patient loyalty is a key factor in gaining market share. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of environmental factors on the level of satisfaction, emotions, and behavioral intentions in hospitalized patients. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional one conducted in the first half of 2019. A total of 210 patients admitted to selected public hospitals in Shiraz were included in the study by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS software (version 22) and Smart pls (version 3). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Environmental factors had an effect on behavioral intentions, emotions, and satisfaction of hospitalized patients with path coefficients of 0.377, 0.654, and 0.590, respectively. Satisfaction with a path coefficient of 0.548 and emotions with a path coefficient of 0.001 had an effect on behavioral intentions. Moreover, it was proved that emotions and satisfaction had a mediating role in the impact of environmental factors on the behavioral intentions of hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The hospital should pay attention to providing and strengthening environmental indicators and improving the physical space and it should prioritize these factors in its future plans. Also, allocate a separate part of the annual hospital costs to this matter. Key­words: Environmental factors, Emotions, Satisfaction, Behavioral Intention, Patient, Hospitalized patients ­Citation: Arvaneh M, Toulabi Z, Shojaeian P. The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Level of Satisfaction, emotions, and Behavioral Intentions of Hospitalized Patients. Journal of Health Based Research 2020; 5(4): 423-34. [In Persian]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton community structure and abundance. The samples were collected from 11 stations selected at Hormozgan coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in winter 2015 and summer 2016. Various environmental factors including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate as well as biological parameters such as chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community were measured. The results showed that the maximum phytoplankton density (1.25×106 cell/L) was in summer and the minimum density (2.01×105cell/L) was in the winter season. Based on the results, 46 genera belonging to five phyla of phytoplanktons were recorded. Bacilariophyta and Dinophyta were the most dominant phylum of the total phytoplankton communities. The results of this study revealed that water temperature, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a were the most important factors affecting the dynamics of total phytoplankton distribution in coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.

Background and purpose: Environmental factors can play a role in incidence, infection, and mortality rates of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, we performed a systematic review of environmental factors affecting the incidence, infection, and mortality rates of COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this review, articles, case studies, and official reports were searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using the following keywords: COVID-19, Environmental factors, Air pollution, Temperature and humidity, Water and wastewater, and Coronavirus. Studies on the relationship between environmental factors affecting infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 published until July 2021 were selected. Qualitative evaluation of articles was performed using the STROBE checklist. Results: Out of 62 articles found 30 were reviewed. Air pollution, temperature, humidity, water, wastewater, and waste could play a role in incidence, infection, and mortality rates of COVID-19. Environmental control was found to be effective in preventing the spread of infection and reducing the mortality rate of COVID-19. Improving environmental performance could be of great benefit in preventing the spread of many diseases, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Ensuring global environmental performance is essential to protect all countries against COVID-19 and other public health hazards. Meanwhile, more investment in research and development is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:The present study aimed to identify affecting factors on personal development of managers of companies with high technology in Iran Telecommunication Company. Method:The method was an exploratory mix method. The research population was in the qualitative section, academic and Telecommunication Company experts. Twenty of them were interviewed by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation. The population in a small part included all the managers of Iran Telecommunication Company to 220 people, which was determined using random sampling method with Morgan table, 140 people. Semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire with reliability (α = 0.95) were used to collect data. Result: For analyzing data, content analysis was used in qualitative part and structural equations were used in quantitative part. Conclusion: The results showed that the affecting factors include individual factors (demographic, cognitive, intrinsic motivation, development and self-learning), organizational factors (atmosphere, technology, structure, support, organizational resources and culture, and strategic factors), occupational factors (complexity), managerial factors (belief, support, participation and competence of managers) and environmental factors (political, economic, social and cultural environment). Model fitting with the structural equation modeling showed that the model has a good fit with the data. Accordingly, individual effective factors with regression coefficient (γ = 0.76), occupational effective factors with regression coefficient (γ = 0.93), managerial effective factors with regression coefficient (γ = 0.94), organizational effective factors with Regression coefficient (γ = 0.93) and environmental factors with regression coefficient (γ = 0.78) have explained the factors affecting the personal development of Telecommunication Company managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this pathology study is alignment of employment and self-sufficiency area of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee with new policies and providing solutions. Methodology: Study is practical in view of purpose and according to collection data method is descriptive survey. After study of literature and interview with scientific and executive experts, collected the information and tested the hypotheses conceptual model and final hypotheses of the edited research and with questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study have been included all staff area of employment all over the country and the bosses of half of the offices of the township Relief Committee to 1800 people. The validity of questionnaire with approval of the opinion of experts at the area of employment of the centeral office and so, the reliability questionnaire have confiremed with Cronbach Alpha, 0/946. In order to measurement of alignment gap and investigate pathology hypothesizes with one sample T-test and for investigate the gap each of the dimensions have used with comparison of the mean in the two current and ideal situation and in order to rank the effectiveness of Friedman test. In order to test the research hypotheses, the hypotheses were tested by Amos software. Findings: Content factors, environmental factors and structural factors also have significant effect on alignment. So, There is significant gap between the current situation and the favorable situation of employees in the field of employment and self-sufficiency and the three factors mentioned. According to the results of Friedman test, content factors with the most impact and structural factors with the least impact are ranked. Originality/Value: Undoubtedly, the policies and strategies of an organization will be effective when there is a balance between the policymaker and the planner and the executive body and or according to the common interpretation, alignment and coordination of the master class is a necessary condition and a prerequisite for the success of the organization in achieving its goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflicts are the most common problem in relationship of couples those negatively influence marital Quality and can lead to negative physiological, psychological,social and spiritual consequences. Intensification of the conflicts and disability in solving them can impair family and even lead to divorce. Despite the presence of many field researches about marital conflicts, there is no coherent analysis and conclusion of their causes and dimensions. Aims: The aim of the present study to review the related literature in order to identify the causes of marital conflicts. Method: this study was a systematic review, in which the statistical population are scientific research articles, dissertations and research schemes related to marital satisfaction since two last decades (2000-2019). Among768 cases that was explored, 58 cases, related to causes of marital conflicts entered into the study Results: According to the results, in sum, 41 factor(with frequency of (375) identified as the causes of marital conflicts. The entire factors of marital conflicts divided into the 4 categories, in order of importance: 1) family factors (40/80%),2) individual factors (40/53%), 3) environmental factors (16/27%) and spiritual factors (2/4%). In addition, the major causes of marital conflicts comprised: 1) Financial problem (7/74%), 2) Interference of families and relatives (7/20%), 3) Verbal and physical violence (16/14%), 4) lack of relationship and problem solving skills (5/6%), sexual problems (4/8%). Conclusions: Identifying of the factors and specifying the contributions of each of them to marital conflicts can help the researchers discover coherent model of marital conflicts. Based on these factors the instruments of prediction and prevention of marital conflicts can be defined and prepared

The purpose of this study was, structural modeling to explain the mediating role of institutional factors affecting participation of local community in Sports tourism development planning Maku Free Zone (Iran). The population of this sport tourist’s free trade zone and industrial research Maku in 2016 years. The present study was descriptive, is the correlation type survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity and reliability questionnaires were well within acceptable limits. The results of hypotheses testing can be used by software AMOS23 respectively and using the path (B). Research results show that, had a significant influence all of the participation of the local community (economic / social / environmental / institutional), on the development of sports tourism among which social factors with the greatest impact on the overall effect of 55%,

Aims & Backgrounds: Ancient sites of chalcolithic age in the Hourand region located at the eastern part of Azerbaijan, Iran covers the historical period from the late 6th millennium to the 4th millennium BC. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental and geographical factors on the distribution of the chalcolithic sites in the Hourand region located at the eastern part of Azerbaijan, Iran. Methodology: The proposed models for investigating the site selection and distribution of the ancient sites in the Hourand region was based on the ArcGIS software, multivariable statistics method, and digital spatial data. By use of this model, the environmental and cultural factors that had a greater role in shaping the patterns of spatial data distribution and archaeological sites were analyzed. Findings: The placement position of chalcolithic sites in terms of distance to water resources and communication paths and degree of the slope were classified into 5, 6 and 6 categories, respectively. Conclusion: The placement position of ancient sites of the Hourand region in chalcolithic age is a function of natural components includes water resources, communication paths and elevation from the sea level and the other factors have had little influence on the site selection.

Background Many scholars agree that one of the most important dimensions of public sector is the Public Service Motivation (PSM) of employees. Objective We investigated the psychological aspects associated with occupational and organizational factors, as well as the moderating role of the environment on PSM from the viewpoint of employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 180 employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Kim and Vandenabeele, Hackman and Oldham's Job Diagnostic Survey, and two researcher-made questionnaires were used in the current research. All statistical tests were performed at the error level of 0.05. Structural equations with partial least squares method have also been used. Findings The psychological aspect of profession has the most significant impact on the employee's job motivation. Moreover, the feeling of satisfaction has the strongest association with the operation of public interest; and knowledge of the results of the least effective. In the case of variables affecting the psychological condition of the organization, the individual's perception about the spatial design of the organization, the most and most variable of the individual's feelings of membership in the organization has the least effect. Conclusion Human Resource Management is the most important task of managers, and to increase the effectiveness of government agencies performance, the human resources motivation system should be improved.