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Background: Bisphenol A is known as one of the emerging micropollutants with harmful effects on human health. This pollutant enters the environment through the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants. In this research, the salting out dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was investigated for pre-concentration of bisphenol A in drinking water and urban sewage effluent samples. Due to the high enrichment factor, this method enables the measurement of small amounts of bisphenol A in the examined samples. Methods: In this method, bisphenol A forms a colored hydrophobic derivative of antipyrine with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate. In order to extract the resulting derivative, 250 µl of 2-phenoxyethanol was dissolved in 10 ml of the sample. Then, by adding 0.7 g of sodium chloride to the sample, fine droplets of extracting solvent were formed in the sample and the solution became cloudy. After centrifugation, the extraction phase containing bisphenol A derivative settled at the bottom of the test tube, and then, 20 µl of methanol was added in order to reduce its viscosity. The measurement was performed by a high-performance liquid chromatography at a wavelength of 480 nm. To optimize the process, the effect of the amount of 4-aminoantipyrine, potassium hexacyanoferrate, and buffer was investigated. Then, the figures of merit of the method were obtained and the performance of the method was evaluated on drinking water and urban sewage effluent samples. Findings: Under optimal conditions (2-phenoxyethanol: 250 µl, 4-aminoantipyrine 1%: 100 µl, potassium hexacyanoferrate 10%: 80 µl, buffer pH 10: 10 µl, and sodium chloride: 0.7 g per 10 ml of sample), the enrichment factor of 106, the detection limit of 0.1 ng ml-1, the limit of quantification of 0.3 ng ml-1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.2% were obtained. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient (CC) of the calibration curve was equal to 0.9985. Moreover, the results of the analysis of water and urban sewage effluent samples showed that the developed method had suitable performance for the measurement of bisphenol A in real matrix samples. Conclusion: Considering the low detection limit, high enrichment factor, and proper performance in real samples, this method can be introduced as a sensitive and efficient method for the measurement of very low amounts of bisphenol A in water and wastewater samples.

Background: Placental trophoblast cells are potentially at risk of exposure to the circulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol-A. Bromelain as a natural compound of pineapple has considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of bromelain on histomorphometric changes of the placenta in bisphenol A treated rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) including control, Bromelain (10 mg/kg), Bisphenol A (300 mg/kg), and Bisphenol A + Bromelain. Bromelain was injected intraperitoneally and bisphenol A was administered orally (gavage) between 6th-15th days of gestation. For sampling, at the 20th day of gestation, the rats were euthanized, then the uterus was removed, and the placentas were separated from the uterus. Immediately placental morphometric examinations including placental weight, diameter, and thickness were performed. General and specific staining was used for histological examinations and then the samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Findings: Bisphenols significantly reduced placental weight, diameter, and thickness, the number of giant cells, and the thickness of labyrinth and spongiosum layers compared to the control group. Also, due to the administration of bisphenols, a significant increase in the number of glycogen cells and the thickness of the decidua in the placenta was observed. However, the administration of bromelain with bisphenols improved the above mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Administration of bisphenol A during pregnancy in rats causes toxic effects on placental tissue, and co-administration of bromelain with bisphenol A can reduce the adverse effects of bisphenol A on placental tissue.

Background & objectives: The pathophysiology of depression is very complex. Rosa canina L fruit contains various antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects of the aqueous- alcoholic extract of the Rosa canina L fruit in the behavioral tests including forced swimming, tail suspension, maze, and sucrose preference tests, as well as biochemical tests such as antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels. Rosa canina L with high amounts of vitamin C, has anti-depressant and anxiety effects. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 Syrian male mice were divided into 5 groups of 12, including the control group, the bisphenol A group, and three groups treated with oral bisphenol A at a dose of 125 mg/kg per day and the aqueous- alcoholic extract of the Rosa canina L fruit at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day was administered from day 50 to 120 after birth. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and the One Way ANOVA test. The level of significance was set at p

Monitoring the quality of rivers entering the Caspian Sea can play a key role in planning to preserve and manage the health of aquatic organisms. Mazandaran province has several rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea. Hence, the quality of 28 estuaries along the coasts of Mazandaran province were investigated in the present study using water quality indexes. Method: Water sampling from 28 estuaries was performed and physicochemical parameters were measured including dissolved oxygen, pH, fecal coliform, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, bisphenol A and nonylphenol. Then, the water quality was evaluated through NSFWQI, IRWQISC, and Liou indexes. Ranges of 1.99-18.94 mg/L and 3-12.42 mg/L were obtained in Kazemrood, Tajan, Alamkola, Kelayebon, Mahmoodabad, Talarood and Noshahr estuaries for BAP and in Chalakrood, Espirood, Chaloos, Alamkola, Fereidonkenar and Mashalakrood estuaries for NP, respectively. Results illustrated, a few rivers have high quality according to IRWQISC index. While, with the NSFWQI, IRWQISC and Liou index classification, a high number of rivers, especially Sorkhrood, Tonekabon, Noor, Mahmoodabad and Tajan were placed in the worst quality categories. The urban and agricultural row wastewaters surrounding the Mazandaran Province Rivers are the main reasons for the decreasing water quality. Studies should be undertaken on wastewater treatment and riparian ecological rivers to improve the water quality of the mentioned rivers.

Background and Aims: Bisphenol A (BPA) falls in the category of hormonal disruptors due to its widespread application, and several studies have revealed its toxicity in different doses. However, few studies have investigated the effect of BPA on the renal system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of BPA on renal system function in rats. Materials and Methods: Initially, the rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group 1 received only the carrier substance. The rats in the second to sixth groups were gavaged with BPA in 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and, 100 mg/kg/BW/day doses for 29 days, respectively. On the 30th day, blood samples were taken from the heart and kidney tissues were separated after collecting 24 h urine. Biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, total urine and serum protein, and serum albumin were measured subsequently. Eventually, kidney tissue was sent to a laboratory for histological examination. Results: There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels in rats treated with different doses of bisphenol A. However, its level in urine increased at 50 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 10 mg/kg doses (P

Photocatalytic removal of bisphenol A, one of the most widely and emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment, was investigated by advanced oxidation process under natural sunlight. The removal process by a metal-organic framework, synthesized with phosphonic acid ligand, namely STA-12 (Fe) and hydrogen peroxide revealed excellent results. Therefore, the optimal conditions for the degradation of bisphenol A by the photo-Fenton mechanism were studied. The removal process follows the first-order kinetics with respect to the contaminant and a significant synergy was observed in the catalytic system of hydrogen peroxide/sunlight/STA-12 (Fe). The Optimal values for pH, irradiation time, catalyst amount and H2O2 dosage for oxidation of bisphenol A in 30 mg / l aqueous solution were determined to be 5, 90 minutes, 10 mg and 12 μl, respectively. Under these conditions, the best removal efficiency was 79.8%. Also, the mineralization value of organic pollutant was determined to equal 51% by measuring TOC. To determine the most important species that affected the photocatalytic reduction, trapping experiments were carried out, using various kinds of scavengers and the results showed that the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are the main oxidizing agent in the photocatalytic system and superoxide radical and the holes in the photocatalyst surface are less involved in the process of contaminant degradation. Finally, a probable reaction mechanism has been investigated in detail. In addition, the catalyst has recyclability and stability in the photocatalytic reaction. This study is the first report for application of a phosphonate-based MOF for the removal of an emerging pollutant with a photo-Fenton mechanism and presents a new example of solar-driven advanced oxidation process for the treatment of aquatic sources and environmental protection.

< p >Bisphenol A is a chemical substance that impairs estrogenic endocrine and the presence of BPA in water causes various problems for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the amount of BPA in bottled waters in Ardabil and to optimize the ozone condition for reducing it in water. For this purpose, 5 samples were selected out of 13 brands of bottled water. One sample of each brand was tested on the first day and 4 other samples were tested after 30 days of storage at temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 40 °C using a high-performance liquid chromatography device. To determine the ozonation efficiency, at first, the concentration of consuming ozone, pH of the environment, duration of ozonation, and initial concentration of BPA were optimized and then tested under optimal conditions. On the first day, the amount of BPA in all brands was within the limits allowed by the Department of Health of America (20 µg/L). By increasing the temperature of storage, the amount of BPA increased in all samples and at 40 °C, its amount exceeded the allowable limit in 3 brands. Optimal conditions are achieved at an ozone concentration of 6 mg/l, pH equal to 7, concentration of dissolved BPA equal to 10 mg/l, and ozonation time in 10 minutes. Furthermore, ozonation in these conditions removed 90% of BPA in water. In general, it can be declared that the contamination of BPA in bottled waters increases during preservation, and especially at temperatures higher than a refrigerator (out of the refrigerator), and ozonation under optimized condition is an effective method to reduce it. < p > TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //

Background and Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is the monometer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises on oxidative stress indices in heart tissue of male Wistar rats after poisoning with Bisphenol A. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups including control, aerobic exercise, BPA and BPA + aerobic exercise. Animals in control and aerobic exercise groups were receieved olive oil and the BPA (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally, respectively. Animals in BPA + aerobic training group were treated with BPA (100 μg/kg) intraperitoneally for 30 days. Exercise program consisted of 25-64 minutes of running with 57-75% oxygen consumption, 5 sessions per week for two months. Indicators of oxidative stress in heart tissue including Gpx, SOD, TAC, MDA, CAT and AOPP were evaluated. Results: BPA intoxication induced a significant increase in the activity of SOD , GPX enzymes, AOPP and MDA levels and reduction in CAT enzyme activity and TAC level in compared to control group (P

Background and Aims: Bisphenol A (BPA) falls in the category of hormonal disruptors due to its widespread application, and several studies have revealed its toxicity in different doses. However, few studies have investigated the effect of BPA on the renal system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of BPA on renal system function in rats. Materials and Methods: Initially, the rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group 1 received only the carrier substance. The rats in the second to sixth groups were gavaged with BPA in 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and, 100 mg/kg/BW/day doses for 29 days, respectively. On the 30th day, blood samples were taken from the heart and kidney tissues were separated after collecting 24 h urine. Biochemical parameters including urea, creatinine, total urine and serum protein, and serum albumin were measured subsequently. Eventually, kidney tissue was sent to a laboratory for histological examination. Results: There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels in rats treated with different doses of bisphenol A. However, its level in urine increased at 50 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 10 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum and urine urea increased significantly only at of 10 mg/kg dose, compared to 1 and 0.1 mg/kg doses (P<0.001). Serum albumin was reduced at 100 mg/kg dose, compared to controls. Total serum protein decreased at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, compared to controls and increased in urine at 50mg/kg dose (P<0.001). The protein/creatinine ratio increased significantly at doses of 1 to 50 mg/kg (P<0.001). Histological examination also revealed that BPA caused degenerative, infiltration, and dilation changes in kidney tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, BPA at 50 and 100 mg/kg concentrations could lead to kidney tissue damage in rats and subsequent renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a toxic environmental pollutant that is released from different industries. The aim of this study was to investigate bisphenol A adsorption by activated carbon production from almond shell applying response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, activated carbon production from almond shell was used as adsorbent which was prepared using standard methods. The variables were pH, initial concentration of BPA, and adsorbent dose. RSM was applied to optimize pH, initial concentration of BPA and adsorbent dose. Results: The adsorption efficiency increased (by 84%) in high dose adsorbent (1.5 g), BPA concentration ≤60mg/l, and pH 3. ANOVA test showed that the surface response model had a significant linear relationship in the case of activated carbon. Conclusion: Activated carbon produced from almond shell, as a low cost adsorbent, could significantly adsorb bisphenol A in aquatic environments.

Introdution: Bisphenol A (BPA) as an environmental pollutant has estrogenic effects and can induce oxidative stress in the testis tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of vitamin E (Vit E), as a strong antioxidant, on the adverse effect of BPA on adult rat testis tissue. Methods: Male rats (220±15g) were divided into 4 groups (n=6/each): control, Bisphenol A (250 mg/kg/day), Bisphenol A+ Vit E (150 mg/kg/day) and Vit E and orally treated for 56 days. At the end of the treatment, the right testis was removed and after fixation, sectioning, tissue processing and staining with Heidenhain's Azan method was evaluated stereologically. The serum testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's test and the means were considered significantly different (P

Background: Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Bromelain belongs to a group of protein digesting enzymes obtained commercially from the fruit or stem of pineapple. It is known to possess antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and to protect against oxidative stress in experimental models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bromelain and vitamin E (a well-known antioxidant) on apparent abnormalities of bisphenol A in rat model. Methods: In this experimental study, 34 pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups. Control group received olive oil gavage and test groups received bisphenol A (300 mg/kg, gavage), bromelain (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), bisphenol A plus bromelain (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), bisphenol A plus bromelain (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and bisphenol A (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) plus vitamin E (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) at 6th-15th days of gestation. Fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation and after determination of weight and length, they were evaluated for apparent abnormalities. Findings: The mean weight and length of fetuses received bisphenol A were 1.20 ± 0.49 g and 21.76± 3.33 mm, respectively, that significantly were less than other groups; but bromelain improved them, as same as vitamin E. In apparent evaluation of fetuses, only exencephaly was seen in 21.42 percent of fetuses in bisphenol A group and 5.4 percent of fetuses in bisphenol A plus bromelain (10 mg/kg) group, while it was not seen in the other groups. Conclusion: Regardless of protective mechanism of bromelain, results of this study showed that bromelain can decrease apparent abnormalities of bisphenol A.

B Abstract Background and Objectives: Bisphenol A is a phenolic compound, which even in low concentration, is harmful and toxic for human and environment and is abundantly found in industrial effluents. In the present study, the removal of bisphenol A by Canola wastes, was investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, first canola waste was collected and their stem was removed, and then were dried in fur (105°C for 24h) and were sized using ASTM. The changes of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and bisphenol A concentration, were assessed and the remaining concentration of bisphenol A was analyzed using HPLC. Equilibrium data were investigated by various types of adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Results: In this study, the specific surface area of adsorbent was 52.5m2/g. The maximum absorption of bisphenol A was obtained at pH=3, adsorbent dosage was 4g/L and contact time was 75 min. The bisphenol A removal efficiency decreased from 98.9% to 65.4% with increasing concentrations of bisphenol A from 25 to 200mg/L. Also, the results of adsorption study showed the highest correlation with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic model. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, bisphenol adsorbent can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent to treat the industrial wastewater and/or aqueous solution containing phenolic compounds.

Background and Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor chemical and as an environmental pollutant is able to generate free radicals causing tissue damage. This study was done to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil against BPA induced toxicity on the tissue of male NMRI mice kidney by stereological method. Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male NMRI mice (32±3 g) were randomly allocated into control, BPA (200 mg/kg/day), BPA (200 mg/kg/day) plus Nigella sativa oil (5 ml/kg/day) and Nigella sativa oil (5 ml/kg/day) groups and treated for 5 weeks, orally. At the end, animals were sacrificed, their left kidneys were removed, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained with Heidenhain' azan staining method. Then, the kidney tissue sections were evaluated using stereological method and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was also measured. Results: The total weight and volume of kidney, volume of cortex, volume of proximal and distal tubules and volume of their lumen, volume of interstitial tissue, volume of glomeruli, tuft, as well as serum MDA level significantly increased in BPA treated group compared to the controls (P

Background and purpose: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a toxic environmental pollutant that is released from different industries. The aim of this study was to investigate bisphenol A adsorption by activated carbon production from almond shell applying response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, activated carbon production from almond shell was used as adsorbent which was prepared using standard methods. The variables were pH, initial concentration of BPA, and adsorbent dose. RSM was applied to optimize pH, initial concentration of BPA and adsorbent dose. Results: The adsorption efficiency increased (by 84%) in high dose adsorbent (1.5 g), BPA concentration ≤60mg/l, and pH 3. ANOVA test showed that the surface response model had a significant linear relationship in the case of activated carbon. Conclusion: Activated carbon produced from almond shell, as a low cost adsorbent, could significantly adsorb bisphenol A in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical materials, which is used as monomer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The present study was performed with the purpose of determining the effect of A on liver enzymes level and liver tissue structure. Methods: In this experimental study 40 male rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 each: The control group received olive oil at a dose of 1μg/kg bw; group II received BPA at 10μg/kg bw; group III received BPA at 50μg/kg bw; and group IV received BPA at 100μg/kg bw). The groups were administered BPA intraperitoneally for 15 days. At the end, the rats were anesthetized and after extraction of serum, their liver were removed for examination of liver enzymes and evaluated by light microscopy after H&E staining. Results: The doses of 10 and 50μg/kg bw of BPA had no significant effect on ALT enzyme and 10μg/kg bw had no significant effect on AST enzyme (p>0.05), while BPA at dose of 100 and doses 50 and 100μg/kg bw had significant effects on ALT and AST, respectively, and increased their serum concentration. BPA only at dose of 100μg/kg bw caused inflammation and vacuolization in liver tissue, and its low concentrations had no significant effect on the liver tissue. Conclusion: The results indicated that low concentrations of BPA had no significant effect on liver tissue and enzymes, but its increased concentration can cause damage to liver tissue and increase the serum levels of liver enzymes.

Bisphenol A is classified as a toxic and priority hazardous compound; it is required to be degraded prior to discharging the contaminated streams to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigation of Bisphenol A adsorption by biomass agricultural waste Rice straw. Material and methods: This study was performed in laboratory at batch scale. The effects of different parameters including contact time, pH, Bisphenol A initial concentration and biomass dosage were studied for removal of Bisphenol A. All experiments were repeated triplicate and then adsorption isotherms and kinetics of different models were analyzed by comparing the coefficient of determination. The concentration of Bisphenol A was measured by HPLC. Results: The results indicated that by increasing of contact time and dose of adsorbent the amount of bisphenol adsorption increases, so that by increasing contact time from 10 to 75 min, the adsorption increased from 38.3% to 96.9% and by increasing adsorbent dosage from 1 to 5 gr/L adsorption increased from 35.5% to 94.9%. The adsorption was increased by decreasing of initial concentration of bisphenol A and the pH of 3 was the best for bisphenol A removal. The adsorption data was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Langmuir equation and pseudo- second order model showed the best fit for the experimental data Conclusion: The results showed that the agricultural waste Rice straw can be used as a high efficiency and inexpensive adsorbent for treatment of industrial effluent.

Background and purpose: Bisphenol A is an estrogenic substance that can cause endocrine dysfunction, which extensively enters water resources due to its large use in industry. The aim of this study was to synthesis modified magnetic nanoparticles with sodium alginate and study of its efficiency for removal of Bisphenol A from aqueous solutions using heterogeneous fenton process. Materials and methods: In present study, sodium alginate magnetic beads were synthesized by nanotechnology and chemical precipitation method and the removal of Bisphenol A was evaluated in a pilot-scale batch reactor. In addition, the effect of environmental factors, including pH, reaction time, catalyst dosage, initial concentration of Bisphenol A, and the concentration of H2O2 on removal efficiency of Bisphenol A was studied. The concentration of Bisphenol A in samples was measured by spectrophotometry instrument and the XRD method was applied to identify the characteristics of modified nanoparticles. Results: In this study synthesized modified magnetic nanoparticles with sodium alginate had complete magnetism properties, and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Fe3O4. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of Bisphenol A was obtained at pH=5, reaction time= 120 min, catalyst dose= 5 g/L, and initial concentration= 20 mg/L which was about 95%. Conclusion: According to our results, the magnetic nanoparticles modified with sodium alginate in a heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process are highly efficient in removing Bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that releases to the environment through effluents of its producing factory, pulp and paper mill factories, and plastics industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate adsorption isotherms of removing BPA from aqueous solutions using single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Materials and methods: This study was an empirical investigation. Our experiments were conducted discontinuously using 50 mL of sample in each test. The variables of this study were the contact time (5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min), the initial concentration of BPA (2, 5 , 20, 50 mg/L), and pH (3, 5, 6, 9, 11). The concentrations of BPA were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 71.42 mg/g. The results of our experiments showed that maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium was achieved at t = 60 min and pH = 9. Moreover, increasing the initial concentration is associated with an increase in adsorption capacity until it becomes constant. Conclusion: The BPA adsorption on SWCNT follows Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm.

Background and Objectives: bisphenol A and nonylphenol are xenoestrogen materials used as a monomer of plastics in widely volume in the production of plastic materials especially mineral water bottles and disposable plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the potential of migration of bisphenol A and nonylphenol from disposable plastic containers into water at different temperatures and also from mineral water into water at different temperatures. Materials and Methods: We conducted bisphenol A and nonylphenol extraction from each sample through liquid-liquid extraction. For identification and quantitative determination of bisphnol A and nonylphenol, we used gas chromatography equipped with mass detector, and for quantitative determination of these two compounds, we used high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. Results: We found that increasing temperature increased significantly the rate of migration of these two compounds in the water. Moreover, it was revealed that only the presence of bisphenol A in water of mineral water bottles was detected and the increase in temperature also increases the rate of migration bisphenol A into water. Conclusion: In general, results of this study showed that improper storage of mineral water bottles and also use of disposable plastic containers for hot drinks would result in increasing consumer exposure to these compounds.

Background and purpose: Bisphenol A is a synthetic xenoestrogen that is used in large amount to produce polymers (polycarbonates, epoxy resins). It easily cross the blood-brain barrier and is reported to influence the central nervous system especially neurogenesis and synaptic transmission. In this research the effects of chronic administration of bisphenol A on spatial learning and memory in adult male rats was studied. Materials and methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n= 10); a control and three BPA (10 and 50 and 100 µg/kg) groups. Bisphenol A was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days. The morris water maze was used to study the spatial learning and memory for 5 consecutive days. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Compared with the control group, treatment with BPA in 10 and 50 µg/kg doses reduced spatial memory (P<0.05). Reduction of spatial memory in the group treated with 100 μg/kg BPA was very severe compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Results showed that bisphenol A increased the distance and latency time in finding the hidden platform. It seems that bisphenol A has negative effects on spatial memory by affecting synaptic transmission in central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:BPA is a non biodegradable antioxidant that has greatly hazardous for human and animals health. and Because of the eliminating alone fewness amount of the BPA during the wastewater treatment, wastewater that contains BPA can be source of pollution in aqueous solution. The objective of this study was Performance of ultrasonic and H2O2 technologies in removal of BPA from aqueous solution. Methods:Experiments of sonochemical was carried out with use of unit ultrasonicator (Elma), which in the two power 300 and 500W, frequencies at 35 and 130KHz. Hydrogen Peroxide in concentrations at 5, 15 and 30mg/lit was applied. Initial concentration BPA at limits 2, 5, 20 and 50 mg/lit which For measuring concentration of BPA used from Spectrometer UV/VIS Lambada 25 Perkin Elmer, Shelton unit. Results:The results demonstrated that hybrid ultrasonic and peroxide Hydrogen processes with Efficiency 98.65%, has the highest efficiency in the removal of BPA. The most decomposition rate achieved at the frequency of 130 KHz and 500W assisted by 30mg/lit H2O2 at pH 11. Also the results demonstrated that with pH increase destruction rate BPA the increased by any three processes (ultrasonic, H2O2 and both hybrid). Conclusion:The results demonstrated that hybrid ultrasonic and peroxide Hydrogen processes can be used as a clean method and friendly environment for waters treatment are contains desirable BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background&Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic estrogenic compound that are a monomer of some plastics (poly carbonate and epoxy resin) that are widely used in dental sealant, dishes and tableware. This compound has suspected to have estrogenic effects on reproductive system and related to endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this present study we investigated possible low dose effects of BPA on testis weight and structure and prostate weight. Materials&Methods: Male wistar rats (12-13 week old) were administrated a daily intra peritoneal 10µg/kgbw/day, 50µg/kgbw/day, 100µg/kgbw/day dose of BPA for6 and 12 days and one day after last injection testis and prostate weighted and histological section of testes prepared( 5 micrometer ) and stained by H&E and weigert hematoxilin . All data were expressed as means±SE. two-way ANOVA and chi- quire was performed. Results: in compare with control group, testis and prostate weight of dose groups were decreased. Disruptions of epithelial layer cells of semniferous tubules were detected. Conclusion: The present study showed that BPA at low doses affects histological structure and weight of testis and prostate, in the adult wistar rat.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic properties and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on sperm parameters against toxicity induced with BPA. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male mice with mean body weight 32±3 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): Control, BPA (200mg/kg/day), NSO (5ml/kg/day), and BPA+NSO. Oral treatment was performed till 34 days. After end of treatment, body and left testis weight were recorded and left caudal epididymis was also cut. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters such as motility, viability and abnormalities. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA. Results: Body and testis weight showed no significant change in four groups (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the motility, viability and normal morphology of sperm (p<0.001) was found in BPA-treated mice compared to the control group. In BPA+ NSO group, NSO could significantly increas the mentioned parameters compared to the BPA group(p<0.05). BPA had no effect on the uncleus diameter of the spetmatogonia and sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement. Conclusion: The results indicated that NSO could partially ameliorate Bisphenol A-induced toxicity on sperm parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Today, environmental pollution, especially pollution of aquatic ecosystems, humans and other organisms are faced with serious problems. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are one group of chemical compounds that are important because of their significant adverse effects in humans and animals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the concentration of 4-Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A and Octylphenol compounds in surface sediments of 4 areas in the coastal of Caspian Sea. Materials and methods: Surface sediments samples taken from stations were studied and after preparation (Drying, Extraction, Clean up) the samples were injected into the Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Results: The concentration ranges of 4-Nonylphenol, Octylphenol and Bisphenol A compounds in surface sediment samples were as follows (in ng/gdw): 16.41-174.48, 5.63-41.90 and 0.3-30.66 respectively. The station that is located in the Anzali region showed significant amounts of all three compounds, Because the sources of these compounds there and the stations that are located in Kaporchal and Astara regions showed extremely low concentration. Compare concentrations were abtained from coasals of Caspian Sea with sediment quality standard showed that these compounds have potential to cause negative effects on the organisms in some stations Conclusion: There are concerns about the presence of Estrogen Doubt Compounds in the aquatic ecosystems due to the adverse effects of them in biological communities health even at low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: bisphenol A and nonylphenol are xenoestrogen materials used as a monomer of plastics in widely volume in the production of plastic materials especially mineral water bottles and disposable plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the potential of migration of bisphenol A and nonylphenol from disposable plastic containers into water at different temperatures and also from mineral water into water at different temperatures. Materials and Methods: We conducted bisphenol A and nonylphenol extraction from each sample through liquid-liquid extraction. For identification and quantitative determination of bisphnol A and nonylphenol, we used gas chromatography equipped with mass detector, and for quantitative determination of these two compounds, we used high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. Results: We found that increasing temperature increased significantly the rate of migration of these two compounds in the water. Moreover, it was revealed that only the presence of bisphenol A in water of mineral water bottles was detected and the increase in temperature also increases the rate of migration bisphenol A into water. Conclusion: In general, results of this study showed that improper storage of mineral water bottles and also use of disposable plastic containers for hot drinks would result in increasing consumer exposure to these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that releases to the environment through effluents of its producing factory, pulp and paper mill factories, and plastics industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate adsorption isotherms of removing BPA from aqueous solutions using single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Materials and methods: This study was an empirical investigation. Our experiments were conducted discontinuously using 50 mL of sample in each test. The variables of this study were the contact time (5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min), the initial concentration of BPA (2, 5 , 20, 50 mg/L), and pH (3, 5, 6, 9, 11). The concentrations of BPA were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 71.42 mg/g. The results of our experiments showed that maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium was achieved at t = 60 min and pH = 9. Moreover, increasing the initial concentration is associated with an increase in adsorption capacity until it becomes constant. Conclusion: The BPA adsorption on SWCNT follows Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bisphenol A is an aromatic compound that has many applications in various industries and is known as persistent pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate bisphenol A removal by using activated carbon and shell eggs from aqueous solution by response surface experimental designs. Materials and Methods: In this study, activated carbon and eggshell were used as adsorbents. The adsorbents were prepared using standard methods and then were sized. The variables were pH, retention time, concentration bisphenol A and adsorbent dose. All experiments were performed by standard methods, and sample size determined by Box Behnken method. Results: The results showed that adsorption efficiency of both adsorbents increased with increasing in time, BPA concentration and lower pH. Maximum adsorption of activated carbon and eggshell was 92 and 33 percent, respectively. The maximum of adsorption rate was occured at the 120 min retention time. ANOVA statistical test data showed that the surface response model had statically significant liner relationship in the case of activated carbon and liner, square and interaction in the case of eggshell. Conclusion: Bisphenol adsorption by the eggshell adsorbent is low and insignificant compared to activated carbon. Activated carbon is a good adsorbent for bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]