Search

Triterpenic acids, specifically Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids, are essential bioactive compounds found in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. fruit, possessing therapeutic properties for various diseases, including cancer. However, the amount of these triterpenic acids can vary depending on geographical and cultivation conditions. For this purpose, jujubes grown in orchards of 29 different habitats in different provinces located in the east, northeast, south, center, and west of Iran were sampled at the end of the summer season. The triterpenic acids present in the dried jujube powder were extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15 mL/g, under ultrasonic waves at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 35 minutes. The extracted acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector. The obtained data were subjected to subsequent nested analysis and the Tukey test. The results revealed that only the average amount of betulinic acid significantly varied among the ecotypes. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the diversity of these three triterpenic acids, the studied ecotypes were divided into four clusters. Cluster 1, representing Iran's eastern and northeastern regions, exhibited the highest amounts of these triterpenic acids. However, the analysis of variance among the clusters showed no significant difference among them. The results showed that the climatic conditions, soil quality, seed, and agricultural methods can be effective in changing or not changing the amounts of triterpenic acids in jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, toxic compounds derived from plants used against microbes and cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of two species of Daphne, Betulin and Betulinic acid by Artemia urmiana Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and trypan blue exclusion method. Material and Methods: This study was conducted as the experimental design. 106 cells of K562, MCF-7 cancerous cell line in triplicate were poured into the cultured dishes containing medium and incubated for 24 hour. Cells were treated with various concentration of the plant extract and plant compound for for 24 hour. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion method. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using larvae hatched cysts were purchased from Artemia Research Center, Urmia University. Live shrimp larvae were treated with different concentrations of extract and the numbers of live and dead larvae were counted after 24 hours. lethal concentration %50 (LC50) of any extracts on live larvae based on the data w Was obtained. The data were analyzed using the Varience and Probit analysis. Results: inhibition proliferation 50% of Betulin, and Betulinic acid in treated cells line K562 (5.8±1.2 1nM, 12.2±0.67 nM, respectively) and MCF-7 (18.04±1.11 nM, 21.47±0.37 nM) were measured. Hydro ethanol extracts of Daphne mucronata and Daphne oleoides exhibited potent brine shrimp lethality with lethal dose 50 % of them was 2.01±0.16 mgDW/ml, 2.37±0.88mgDW/ml respectively. In both tests, the effect of plant material was directly related to their concentration. Conclusion: According to the results, Daphne mucronata and Betulin were the most effective herbal substance. Thus, we can conclude that Daphne mucronata contains anticancer and toxic compounds.

Abstract Background & aim: Changes of alkaline phosphatase activity is one of the symptoms of many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of Daphne, Betulin and Betulinic acid, on alkaline phosphatase activity in K562 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Methods: In this study, 106 cancer cell lines of K562 and MCF-7 were cultured in presence of 5% carbon dioxide at 37 ° C. at doses near the IC50. The viability of cells, inside and outside alkaline phosphatase activity and the amount of total protein in each treatment were studied. The collected data was analyzed with a multivariate analysis of variance (Nested Design) and Dunnett test. Results: The intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells showed different behavior compared to the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity (p< 0.01). The highest increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in two cell lines (K562 and MCF-7) were 339% and 236% which was related to the treatment by macronata daphne. Conclusion: Unexpected increase in intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity in D. mucronata, D. oleides, Betulin, and Betulinic acid treatment may be due to changes in the composition of plasma membrane component and an increase the non-connected membrane of the protein which is due to the creation of more active proteins. Keywords: Daphne mucronata, Daphne oleoides, Alkaline Phosphatase, Betulinic Acid, Betulin

Background and aims: Production and synthesis of new phitochemical drugs against diseases such as cancer are the important efforts that happened recently. Triterpens compounds are important in biological and pharmacological properties, but because of low solubility in aqueous solutions, are less considered. Cyclodextrins as natural nanocapsules are comprised of glucose units. One of the characteristics of them are create complex with hydrophobic guest molecules in nanopores its. In this study it was tried to provide betulinic acid combined with cyclodextrin and nanocapsules containing medicines and its effect on cancer cell line MCF7 was examined. Methods: In this experimental study, first 5, 10 and 15% cyclodextrin solutions were prepared and combined with an equal amount of betulinic acid and then was stirred for 24 hours by rotary devices. Then, by HPLC, betulinic acid value was calculated for each concentration. Then normal and cancer cell lines were prepared and were divided in the control group, treated with CD, treatment with betulinic acid, and treated with nanocapsules containing BT. The cell morphology, cell proliferation and cell survival rate were studied. Results by SPSS software ANOVA and t-test at P<0.05 were analyzed. Results: The results of HPLC showed that BT amount is 51 micrograms in 5% of solution, 58 micrograms in 10% of solution and 57 micrograms in 15% of solution. The results of morphology and cell survival showed that the nanoparticles containing BT compared to other treatments have inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using cyclodextrin nanocapsules can be increased solubility of insoluble compounds and it can be used as a drug delivery system and increase the solubility of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, toxic compounds derived from plants used against microbes and cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of two species of Daphne, Betulin and Betulinic acid by Artemia urmiana Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and trypan blue exclusion method. Material and Methods: This study was conducted as the experimental design. 106 cells of K562, MCF-7 cancerous cell line in triplicate were poured into the cultured dishes containing medium and incubated for 24 hour. Cells were treated with various concentration of the plant extract and plant compound for for 24 hour. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion method. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using larvae hatched cysts were purchased from Artemia Research Center, Urmia University. Live shrimp larvae were treated with different concentrations of extract and the numbers of live and dead larvae were counted after 24 hours. lethal concentration %50 (LC50) of any extracts on live larvae based on the data w Was obtained. The data were analyzed using the Varience and Probit analysis. Results: inhibition proliferation 50% of Betulin, and Betulinic acid in treated cells line K562 (5.8±1.2 1nM, 12.2±0.67 nM, respectively) and MCF-7 (18.04±1.11 nM, 21.47±0.37 nM) were measured. Hydro ethanol extracts of Daphne mucronata and Daphne oleoides exhibited potent brine shrimp lethality with lethal dose 50 % of them was 2.01±0.16 mgDW/ml, 2.37±0.88mgDW/ml respectively. In both tests, the effect of plant material was directly related to their concentration. Conclusion: According to the results, Daphne mucronata and Betulin were the most effective herbal substance. Thus, we can conclude that Daphne mucronata contains anticancer and toxic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, the plant of Daphne family (Thymelaeacea is used against microorganisms and cancerous cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two Daphne species and purified betulin and betulinic acid on K562 genome and the cell cycle. Materials and methods: This Study was conducted in a complementary randomized design with three replications. 106 K562 cells were treated with Daphne mucronata, Daphne oleides, betulin and betulinic acid for 24 hours. Then, cells were fixed in 70% ethanol and were stained with pripidium iodide 30 min before analysis by flow cytometery. To extract the DNA of cancer cells Miller saline method with little change was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS. version 16 by ANOVA and Dunnett. Results: Percentage of cancer cells that were treated with Daphne mucronata (59.11±1.16%), Daphne oleides (58.25±1.03%), betulin (51.68±0.43%), and betulinic acid (52.05±0.31%) increased in the G0/G1 phase compared to the control (42.94±0.23%). While most percentage the control cells (51.06±0.16%) were present in S phaseElectrophoresis of genomic DNA of K562 cell lines revealed band boarding and smearing under the effect of plant material. However, a clear sharp band of DNA was seen in control samples. The lowest and highest smeared band was observed in treated cells with Betulin and Daphne mucronata, respectively. Conclusion: Data showed that materials and compounds of Daphne, block cells in G1 phase and will cause damage to DNA. In fact, these results indicate that there are several effective factors in two species Daphne extract which damage DNA integrity and inhibit cell transfer from control point and can facilitate cell death at higher concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]