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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the level of risk-taking, sensation - seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence of peers. Method: The method of the present research was of fundamental type according to the research objective and according to the method of data collection it was of descriptive type and causal-comparative research. In line with the purpose of the study, among all adolescents aged 18-14 years in Tabriz, a sample of 327 people was selected by available sampling method. To collect data used from Peer Influence Resistance Questionnaire (1), Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (2), Arent Sensation–Seeking Scale (3) and Barat Impulsivity Questionnaire 11 th edition (4). Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software. Results: Data analysis using multivariate factor analysis of variance showed that the level of risk-taking of adolescents based on the influence of peers is higher than the peer resistance group. Also, the level of risk-taking of boys is higher than girls based on influence by peers. But there was no difference in the sensation-seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence from peers. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that peers have a high impact on risk-taking, excitement and impulsiveness of teenagers. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for teenagers and their families about the importance of friendships during adolescence and the impact of friendship during this period on risky behaviors.

Introduction: Due to significant social, economic, cultural, and lifestyle changes in Iran during past decades and the relationship among the unstable social and economic status and mental complications the study of psychiatric disorders has become important and necessary, the aim of this study was epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 1035 children aged 6-18 years from Yazd Province, Iran were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in 2017 using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the following inventories for school-age children (6-18 years): Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SAD-SPL). Logistic regression and SPSS version 16 software were used for data analysis. Results: 44.1% of participants were boys and 55.9% were girls. The mean age of the participants was 11.3±3.9 years. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents was 35.5%. Meanwhile, anxiety disorders had the highest prevalence rate (22.2%) and among anxiety disorders, separation anxiety disorder (8.7%) and generalized anxiety (8.6%) were the most prevalent. There was a significant difference in all psychiatric disorders based on gender, more evident in the high rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder, enuresis, tic, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, smoking disorder, and epilepsy were more evident in boys (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in young population of Yazd Province is relatively high and because of its impact on individuals' social and personal function, it could have substantial implications for mental health services.

Aim and Background: Adolescence is an important period of development in which individuals can acquire the skills, attitudes, and abilities they need in adulthood. It seems that one of the factors that can be effective in dealing with adolescent issues is emotional intelligence. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Choice Theory training on emotional intelligence in adolescent girls. Methods and Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consists of thirteen-to-eighteen-year-old adolescent girls in the city of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 32 adolescent girls who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and were randomly and equally assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received Choice Theory training in eight ninety-minute sessions. The control group was placed on the wait list. The Emotional Quotient Inventory test was used for data collection purposes and the data were analyzed using the covariance analysis test. Findings: Results showed that Choice Theory training significantly affected Emotional Intelligence and its components (adaptability, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and general mood) (p

Aim and Background: Mind wandering and deviation from attention to work at present is common among adolescents and has negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to compare metacognitive therapy and its techniques (attention training, Situational attention refocusing), and acceptance and commitment therapy on the mind wandering adolescents. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and the statistical population included 20837 adolescent girls in second grade secondary schools of Karaj in the academic year 1396-1397. A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 70 people who had the lowest score in the amount of wandering mindedness based on the measurement tool of the wandering minds. They were randomly assigned to five groups based on the criteria of the research. they got. Metacognitive Therapy, Attention training, Situational attention refocusing and Acceptance and Commitment therapy during 10 sessions a weekly, 90-minute test was performed individually for experimental groups. The collected data were entered into SPSS-23 software and a statistical method to analyze data from mixed analysis of variance is used. Findings: The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that all four treatments were effective in reducing adolescent mind wandering and the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy was more than other treatments (P

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although several investigators have evaluated the effects of the dietary glycemic index on obesity and hypertension among adults, few and controversial evidence reported for adolescents. Furthermore, no studies examined the effect of low glycemic index diet (LGI) on obesity and hypertension in comparison to healthy nutritional recommendation (HNR) based diet. This study was run to compare the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) diet on blood pressure and anthropometric measurements to HNR based diet in adolescent girls.METHODS: Fifty mature adolescent girls aged less than 18 participated in this parallel randomized clinical trial. Those whose body mass index (BMI) was between 85th and 95th percentile of BMI for age table provided by WHO were determined as overweight and those whose BMI was higher than 95th percentile were determined as obese. Randomized allocation assigned subjects to LGI diet or healthy nutritional recommendation (HNR) based diet. Macronutrient distribution was similar between two groups. A menu of allowable foods and a list of HNRs were delivered to LGI and HNR group respectively. Nutritional status during the study was evaluated by four dietary records. Measuring of blood pressure and anthropometric variables were conducted at baseline and after intervention. (IRCT: 201109272839N4)FINDINGS: Finally, the information of 41 subjects was analyzed. Those in LGI group had GI lower than 50 (42.67±.067). Significant reductions were observed in weigh (71.40±2.23 vs. 68.97±2.03 in LGI group and 77.95±3.48 vs. 75.81±3.39 in HNR group p=0.0001 for both) and BMI (27.97±0.55 vs. 26.71±0.48 in LGI group and 28.82±1.01 vs. 27.75±0.97 in HNR group p=0.0001 for both) in both groups. Changes in blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure: -0.25±4.46 in LGI group vs. -0.21±2.72 in HNR group p=0.995 and systolic blood pressure: -1.19±2.52 in LGI group vs. -2.36±2.43 in HNR group p=0.743) and anthropometric variables (weight: -3.24±0.78 in LGI group vs. -2.70±0.60 in HNR group p=0.582, waist circumference: -4.99±1.18 in LGI group vs. -1.07±2.08 in HNR group p=0.221, BMI: -4.35±0.92 in LGI group vs. -3.65±0.58 in HNR group p=0.514) were not different between two groups.CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed that low glycemic index diet has no effects on obesity and hypertension.

Background and Objectives: Adolescents are the main audiences of video games. Attractive technologies of these games make virtual faces seem real characters to their audiences. There is a high tendency to show violent and deadly scenes. The present study was done with the purpose of determining the predictors of the amount of aggression in the adolescent users of violent video games in Qom city.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 adolescent users of violent video game referring to game-nets of Qom city were selected by random sampling method and filled out the questionnaires of demographic information, aggression scale, and attitude toward violence scale )ATVS). The data were analyzed using correlation, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis tests. The significance level was considered p