Search

IntroductionIn recent years, due to the excessive consumption of agricultural inputs, especially chemical fertilizers and common methods of crop production, problems have arisen that have led to more attention to sustainable agriculture.Zeolite is one of the natural minerals that also has nutritional value and can be considered a step towards achieving sustainable agriculture.Materials and methodsIn order to investigate the effect of type and amount of zeolite on the yield of common millet, an experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2017-17 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University. This factorial experiment was performed using randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments included two types of calcium and potash zeolites in two forms of powder and granules, which were considered at two levels (5 and 10 tons per hectare) with a control treatment without zeolite. In this study, common millet (Pursu) was used for cultivation.Results and discussionNumber of clusters per plant: Analysis of variance of data showed that the effect of treatment on this trait was not statistically significant at the level of 5% probability. However, the control treatment had fewer clusters than the potassium powder and granular treatments of 10 tons per hectare and the calcic powder and granule treatments of 10 tons per hectare. Also, the control treatment had more clusters than the calcium granular and powder treatments of 5 tons per hectare and the potassium granular and powder treatments of 5 tons per hectare. Comparison of the average effect of zeolite content on the number of clusters per plant showed that increasing the application of zeolite from 5 tons per hectare to 10 tons per hectare caused a significant increase in the number of clusters per millet plant at a probability level of 5%.Thousand-grain weight: Analysis of variance of 1000-grain weight data as a treatment, to compare with the zeolite control treatment showed that the effect of zeolite treatment on millet 1000-grain weight was significant at 5% probability level. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that the simple effect of zeolite type on 1000-grain weight was significant at 5% probability level. But the simple effect of zeolite content as well as the interaction effect of type and amount of zeolite on this trait was not significant.Grain yield: The results of analysis of variance of grain yield data to compare treatments containing zeolite with control treatment without zeolite showed that the effect of zeolite treatment on grain yield was significant at the level of 1% probability. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that the simple effect of zeolite content at 1% probability level and the effect of type and amount of zeolite at 5% probability level on grain yield were significant. But the simple effect of zeolite type had no significant effect on this factor. The results of comparing the average amount of zeolite on grain yield showed that increasing the amount of zeolite increased millet grain yield at a probability level of 5%.Water use efficiency: The results showed a significant effect of zeolite treatment on water use efficiency at a probability level of 1%. The results of variance for water use efficiency showed that this trait was significantly affected by the simple effect of zeolite content and the interaction between type and amount of zeolite at 5% level but the effect of zeolite type on it was not significant. The results of comparing the average amount of zeolite on water use efficiency showed a statistically significant difference between the application of 5 and 10 tons per hectare of zeolite at the level of one percent.ConclusionThe results showed that the application of different types of zeolite caused a significant increase in 1000-grain weight and number of grains per panicle at a probability level of 5% and grain yield, water use efficiency at a probability level of one percent compared to control treatment (no application of zeolite). Increasing the application of zeolite from 5 to 10 tons per hectare significantly increased the number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, with the optimal using of this fertilizer, the effects of drought stress on plants are somewhat reduced and it is recommended for using in dry areas.

What is clear is that judges usually judge cases based on their knowledge, experience, personality, and sentiment. Due to high pressures and stress, it may be difficult for them to carefully examine documents and evidence, which leads to more subjective judgments. Legal judgment prediction with artificial intelligence algorithms can benefit judicial bodies, legal experts, and litigants as well as judges. In this research, we are looking at predicting legal sentences in drug cases involving the purchase, possession, concealment, or transportation of illicit drugs, using machine learning methods, and the effect of sentiment and emotions in case texts on predicting the severity of whipping, fines, and imprisonment. So, the text documents of 6000 Persian drug-related cases were pre-processed and then the translation of the NRC Glossary of Emotions and sentiment was used to give each item a score for positive or negative sentiment and a score for emotion. Then machine learning methods were used for modeling. BERT, TFIDF+Adaboost, and Skipgram+LSTM+CNN methods had the highest accuracy, respectively. Also, evaluation criteria were analyzed in situations where sentiment scores, emotional scores, or both were used in the prediction process along with judicial texts. Finally, it was found that the use of sentiment and emotion scores improves the accuracy of legal judgment predictions for all three types of sentences and that sentiments have a greater impact on the accuracy of legal judgment predictions than emotions

AbstractBackground and Objective: This research was conducted in order to study the possibility of increasing yield, yield components and chlorophyll content of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by mycorrhizal inoculation and living and non-living mulches.Materials and Methods: Experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the University of Zanjan. A three-replicate split plot design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted. Two levels of inoculation (inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and non- inoculation) were considered as main plots and a variety of living mulches (Trifolium alexandrinum, Lathyrus sativus), non-living mulches (plastic mulch (silver external side and black internal one), wheat straw) and Complete handweeding, one-hand weeding and no-weeding were considered as sub plots. Results: The highest of fresh weight (336.01 ton/ha) and dry weight (34.21 ton/ha) were recorded in plastic mulch treatment under mycorrhizal inoculation conditions. Mycorrhizal colonization increased plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), chlorophyll a and chlorophyll (a+b) by 2.1%, 9.1%, 6.6% and 5.2%, respectively. Highest plant height (167 cm), leaf area index (122.18), number of leaves per plant (43), chlorophyll a, b and )a+b( (0.697, 0.388 and 1.085 mg g -1 FW) were obtained in plastic mulch treatment. Conclusion: Generally, mycorrhizal inoculation and the use of living and non-living mulches can be suggested as a solution to increase the yield of artichoke.Keywords: Mycorrhizal inoculation, Dry weight, Hand weeding, Height, Leaf area index, Mulch

Objective: This research is aimed at understanding the roots and axial concept of Managers Decidophobia with Using Grounded Theory Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. Methods: This Mixed-methods research uses a systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative data. Research Onion Saunders (2009) Rationalistic philosophies, Combined approach, Strategies grounded theory, choices Mixed methods, Time horizons Cross-Sectional, Techniques and procedures Library -square. The qualitative part is the GT and the quantitative part utilizes a structural equation modeling. The qualitative part used semi-structured interviews for its data collection and a researcher ‎made questionnaire quantitative section the validity and reliability of the confirmed. Results: The data analysis, identified 169 open codes and 22 axial, 10 selective categories. Among these dimensions is evasion in decision-making, inability to understand the problem, fear of facing decision‎making and abstract decision‎making related to the variable of Managers Decidophobia (the axial phenomenon) and weakness in decision‎making, fear of consequences decision, organizational climate, lack of program-oriented organizational decisions, lack of decision‎making experience, lack of access to real information, related to the causative conditions affecting the axial phenomenon were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the qualitative part and the confirmation of the relationship between dimensions and variables using the identified codes it was determined that causal conditions with acceptable effect coefficients and significance coefficients affect the phenomenon of Managers Decidophobia. The GOF, Q2, Rsquare and Fsqare criteria for the structural model and the measurement models were calculated using the Smart PLS 3 software. It is also worth mentioning that all of the mentioned variables had allowed and acceptable values.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is the futurology of big data management in public libraries affiliated with the Iran Public Libraries Foundation in the 21st century. It has also presented a strategic model. Research Method: This is a futurology study using a mixed-method that includes the Delphi technique in three rounds and the Survey method. The statistical population of the Delphi panel consists of 20 managers and experts of information science and information technology, employed in the Iran Public Libraries Foundation. Based on the Delphi Panel Consensus Questionnaire, 77 experts in provincial centers were selected based on Morgan's table. They were asked about the priorities of big data usage and their certainty and uncertainty by comparing the current and future situations. Then, the optimal strategic model is proposed using confirmatory factor analysis. 30 questionnaire items were confirmed in terms of two relative content validity coefficients (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 86%. Findings: Currently, the Iran Public Libraries Foundation uses few amounts of big data. Using big data enables quick access to updated data and providing and producing data in different formats and from different sources. The necessities of using big data according to the experts’ views are providing data analysis tools, information integration infrastructures, and connecting public libraries, providing the costs associated with powerful servers and equipment, and updating the knowledge and skills of librarians. Originality: This study uses futurology to examine the big data in public libraries and present a strategic model for big data management in foundation public libraries.

Introduction: Curriculum needs to be re-evaluated during implementation Graduates' low ability can be related to non-compliance of curriculum content with job need. This study sought to investigate the degree of compliance of content of the general dentistry curriculum with job needs from perspective of Dentists in Birjand and their skills. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the academic year 2020 in Birjand. Target group was general dentists in Birjand, namely census sampling. Data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire with three sections like this: demographic information, degree of compliance of curriculum content with job need (including 6 subgroups, 93 questions of theoretical courses before and after basic sciences, practical courses before and after basic sciences, pre-clinic courses and internship courses) and skill of dentist at beginning of work (51 items) with 5-point Likert scale The link of electronic questionnaire was sent for dentists via social media (Telegram and WhatsApp). Data were assessed by descriptive statistics Using excel 2013 software. Results: Seventy four questionnaire were completed and analyzed. In basic sciences course, the two lessons of anatomical sciences (3.565 ± 0.882) as well as oral health and society (3.42 ± 0.961) had the most and parasitology (2.116 ± 0.85) and biochemistry (2.159 ± 0.98) had the lowest compliance with job need. In other lessons, compliance with job need was favorable. The dentists' skill level was very low on treatment of the opened sinus, medical emergencies, construction of orthodontic plaque, and crown lengthening. Conclusion: Due to the low degree of compliance of theoretical and practical courses in basic sciences, the use of novel pedagogical methods as horizontal or vertical integration of the curriculum seems to be necessary to establish a relationship between basic and clinical sciences.

Background: Investigating the effect of environmental factors, such as parental guidance and upbringing, on the individuals’ growth during their childhood and adolescence requires a long-term longitudinal study. So that, its effect on the individual cannot be sought immediately after an educational or psychological intervention. This article describes the designed protocol for the longitudinal survey of the development of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: After performing a comparative study and reviewing similar global experiences in designing such surveys, the Iranian longitudinal survey on the development of children and adolescents was designed for five waves with a two-year interval. The longitudinal sample at the beginning of the study comprised children aged 0 to 11 years. Several questionnaires were designed for families, parents, children, adolescents and young people, teachers, and principals of schools in which the child was studying, as well as caregivers at home and kindergarten. In this survey, a three-stage probability sampling method with stratum at the provincial and national levels with two different scenarios was proposed. Findings: A roadmap for longitudinal study on the development of Iranian children and adolescents was designed and presented. Thirteen questionnaires were prepared and also, the sampling method and the method of implementing survey in different waves was determined. Conclusion: In this survey, for the first time, Iranian longitudinal studies of children and adolescents’ development have been designed with the aim of in-depth and comprehensive study of the children and adolescents’ development process and the effect of individual, family, and educational factors on their growth and development. Keywords: Longitudinal studies; Child development; Adolescents; Sampling studies; Surveys and questionnaires

The aim of developing labour accounts is to provide a complete and coherent picture of the labour market and organize the employment statistics in each country. The most important variables and components of labour accounts are employment, working hours and income from employment. Employment account is one of the most important components of labour accounts. In this paper, based on the recommendations of the World Labour Organization and the experience of countries such as the Netherlands, Australia, Italy, Denmark and Switzerland, for the first time, the employment account in Iran is provided. The main objective is to derive a comprehensive estimate of total employment in the country. To achieve this goal, employment statistics from regular household surveys are linked to the employment data from establishment surveys. The resulting data are reconciled based on a bottom-up approach until a coherent picture of the size and characteristics of employment emerge. The statistics obtained from labour accounts should also provide improved and more consistent data for macro-economic analysis of the labour market, in particular, the analysis of productivity and the relationship between employment and economic growth. Because in 2011, a number of statistical sources, including labour force survey, population and housing census and numerous establishment surveys have been implemented with the aim of achieving input-output tables, that year is considered as the base year for calculating labour accounts in Iran.

Objective Besides their communication and socialization problems, many children with Intellectual Disability (ID) have difficulties with their parents, siblings, and teachers. The enduring nature of social reactions easily leads to social isolation. Thus, many children and adults with ID have few friends, even though they may desperately want to be liked. This can set up a vicious circle in which they attempt to win friends by latching onto the least chance for interaction with others. Regarding the characteristics of nonviolent communication program training, it seems that this program could reduce communication problems and improve mother-child interaction of children with ID. The nonviolent communication training program is one method for improvement of communication skills in parents of the children with ID because these parents are often facing problem in communication with their children. Nowadays, much effort is made for improving mother-child interaction, especially in mothers of children with ID. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of nonviolent communication program training on mother-child interaction in mothers of children with ID. Materials & Methods The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group. The study population included all of the mothers of children with ID who attend to Alborz Educational and Rehabilitation Institute which is located in Alborz Province, Iran under the supervision of welfare organization. The study sample included 30 mothers selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to two groups. The experimental group participated in a communication skills training program based on life language for 8 sessions (90 minutes for per session; twice a week), while the control group received no such training. The study instrument was the Pianta mother-child interaction scale (1992). The Pianta mother-child interaction scale was completed by mothers for all subjects in pretest and posttest. The study data were collected through the questionnaire before and after the training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed in SPSS (Version 22) for analyzing the obtained data. Results First, the normality of study variables and contingency of variance and covariance assumptions were tested. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that all variables were normally distributed (P>0.05). Also, the Box test confirmed the contingency of variance-covariance assumption. So, assumptions of the MANCOVA test were confirmed and MANCOVA test can be used for analysis of data. The results of MANCOVA revealed that posttest scores of experimental and control groups had a significant difference with regard to mother-child interaction (P

Abstract Background: Up to now, there is no single opinion on how to control pain after surgery and clinical research in this area has been continuing. This study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous Acetaminophen, Dexamethasone and placebo on postoperative pain after cataract surgery under sedation and topical anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial study, 120 patients undergoing cataract surgery under sedation and topical anesthesia were distributed into three equal groups. 10 minutes before the end of surgery, the first group received 0.01 mg/kg Dexamethasone, the second group received 15 mg/kg Acetaminophen and third group received the same volume on normal saline as placebo. Pain intensity and additional analgesic consumption were assessed during operation and recovery and compared between the three groups. Results: In the three groups of Acetaminophen, Dexamethasone and control groups, 6, 10 and 18 patients had postoperative headache (16.7%, 27% and 47.4% respectively) and there was a significant difference between the three groups(p=0.014). Also, pain intensity was significantly higher in control group compared with other two groups from 30 minutes after arrival to the recovery room until 24 h postoperatively (p0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous Acetaminophen administration is more effective than Dexamethasone and placebo to reduce pain and analgesic requirements after cataract surgery.

Introduction: Selecting the right source of nutrient in a particular cropping situation requires a consideration of economic, environmental, and social objectives. One of the objectives is to keep all nutrient losses to a minimum. Since the use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers began more than 100 years ago, it has been recognized that it can be lost as gaseous ammonia when an ammonical fertilizer is applied to calcareous soil. A process by which nitrogen exit from the soil in form of ammonia and enter to the atmosphere is called volatilization. Agricultural practices (use of chemical and animal fertilizers) are known as major sources of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere. Nitrogen losses not only economically but also in terms of environment pollution is important. Ammonia volatilization is one way of the nitrogen losses from agricultural and non-agricultural ecosystems. A variety of soil chemical properties interact with environmental conditions at the site of the fertilizer application to determine the extent of NH3 loss. This article study some of the major factors that contribute to NH3 loss from N fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impacts of concentrations of soil calcium carbonate (experiment 1), plant residue application (experiment 2), nitrogen fertilizer rate and source on volatilization of ammonia from soil. Materials and Methods: Two factorial experiment with 36 treatments, three replications and 108 experimental unit for 25 days at a constant temperature of 30 ° C were conducted using a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were three concentrations of soil calcium carbonate (20, 27 and 35% in experiment 1), three alfalfa plant residue application rates (0, 2.5 and 5% w/w in experiment 2), three rates of nitrogen (0, 200 and 400 kg/ha), four sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea- sulfuric acid). Fertilizers were added to soil samples in form of solution and the moisture of soils was brought to field capacity. Samples were placed into special jars and amount of nitrogen volatilization were measured. Results and Discussion: The results showed that ammonia volatilization from soil increased as the concentration of soil calcium carbonate, rates of nitrogen and alfalfa plant residues application increased. In first experiment the highest amount of nitrogen volatilization rate, as ammonia (33.21 µgr N/gr soil) was measured from 400kgN/ha soil for urea fertilizer and 35 percent calcium carbonate. Also the lowest amount (11.99 µgrN/gr soil) was obtained from 20 percent calcium carbonate without application of any nitrogen fertilizer. In this experiment, with an increase in the amount of soil calcium carbonate by 15%, the amount of volatilized nitrogen in the form of ammonia were six times. By increasing the amount of soil calcium carbonate of from 20 to 27% the amount of nitrogen losses as ammonia slightly increased but with a further increase of calcium carbonate (from 27 to 35%) the amount of nitrogen losses increased a lot and this increase was higher than the initial increase. The presence of calcium carbonate in the soil increase soil pH and ammonia volatilization. In second experiment the highest amount of nitrogen volatilization rate, as ammonia (32.28 µgr N/gr soil) was measured from 400kgN/ha soil for urea- acid sulfuric fertilizer and 5 percent of plant residues. Also the lowest amount (0.33 µgrN/gr soil) was obtained from soil without application of any nitrogen fertilizer and plant residues. The most of nitrogen losses in the form of ammonia in the amount of 15.34 micrograms per gram of soil was obtained from level of 5% of alfalfa residue. With the 2.5 percent increase in the alfalfa residue rate, ammonia volatilization from soil increased in rate of 3.24 micrograms per gram of soil and by increasing it from 2.5 to 5%, nitrogen volatilization increased in the amount of 8.88 micrograms per gram of soil. Conclusion: The loss of nitrogen as ammonia with application of nitrogen fertilizers and without application of residues was as urea> ammonium sulfate> ammonium nitrate > urea-sulfuric acid and with application of crop residues was as urea-sulfuric acid

We study the problem of a quantum particle in an infinite one dimensional potential well with a moving wall. Based on the effective Hamiltonian approach and using the gauge transformation concepts, we show that the effect of the moving wall appears as an extra phase factor in the wave function which depends on the velocity of the wall.

Introduction: Sirtuin 1 is a protein deacetylase that plays an important role in many cellular processes. The serum sirtuin 1 levels are higher in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients than the healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the role of SIRT-1 rs7895833 polymorphism in the susceptibility of PCOS. Methods: This case-control study was done on 456 Iranian women from March to February 2015. Blood samples were collected from 274 women with PCOS and 182 age matched (±5) healthy women at Shiraz Ghadir Mother and Child Hospital. After DNA extraction, SIRT1 rs7895833 genotype determination was done by Tetra-ARMS PCR. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 18. Results: In the dominant model for G allele (AG+GG vs. AA), AG+GG genotypes in SIRT1 rs7895833 gene polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of PCOS (OR: 2.01, %95CI:1.32-3.24, P=0.002). Moreover, there was a significant association between the G allele and PCOS (OR: 1.45, %95CI:1.10-1.91, P=0.008). Conclusion: The results showed a possible association between SIRT1 rs7895833 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to PCOS.

In this study, the role of boron (BO33-) on improving tolerance of coriander plant (Coriandrum sativum L.) subjected to different concentrations of aluminum (Al3+) was evaluated. In this regard, an experiment was implemented with seven different concentrations of aluminum including: 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 and 4.00 mg/L Al3+ and three concentrations of boron including: 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/L BO33- with the control treatment. The experiment was concluded based on completely randomized design with three replications. Seeds of coriander were germinated in germinator and seedlings were grown in Hogland´s solution with different boron and aluminium concentrations. Results showed that different levels of Al3+, decreased dry weight, leaf area, length of shoot and root, amount of chlorophyll and aluminium, while proline concentration and Al3+accumulation increased. Nearly, in all concentrations of Al3+, plant height, dry weight and chlorophyll content promoted with increasing boron concentrations, but proline concentration was decreased. It could be concluded that application of boron along with Al3+, might have proved plant growth and neutralized effects of Al toxicity.

مقدمه: ناباروری یکی از مشکلات عمده در‌ زندگی افراد نابارور است. یکی از دلایل عمده‌ی ژنتیکی ناباروری وقوع حذف‌ها در کرومزوم Y است که با فراوانی 1 تا 15 درصدی در افراد مبتلا به آزوسپرمی ‌و الیگواسپرمی‌ شدید گزارش شده است. بر روی کروموزوم Y 3 ناحیه به نام عوامل آزوسپرمی (Azoospermia factor یا AZF) شناخته می‌شوند. این سه ناحیه با عناوین ‌AZFa، AZFb و AZFcبه عنوان ناحیه‌ی اسپرم‌سازی تعیین شده‌اند. در این مطالعه، ارتباط بین تغییرات منطقه‌ی Yq11.223 (DAZ) و ناباروری در مردان بررسی شد. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه از 100 مرد نابارور که به مرکز ناباروری اصفهان مراجعه نموده بودند و همچنین 100 فرد سالم به عنوان شاهد، نمونه‌ی خون تهیه شد. DNA ژنومی ‌از گلبول‌های سفید خون استخراج شد. پرایمرها با کمک موتورهای جستجوگر و نرم‌افزار Oligo نسخه‌ی 6 طراحی گردید. بررسی‌ها در بیماران با استفاده‌ی از تکنیک واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز (Polymerase chain reaction یا PCR) در منطقه‌ی Yq11.223 ناحیه‌ی AZF انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه 70 بیمار آزوسپرم و 30 بیمار الیگواسپرم مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که در 7 بیمار آزوسپرم این حذف‌ها مشاهده گردید، در حالی که در افراد الیگواسپرم و 100 مرد باروری که به عنوان شاهد استفاده شدند هیچ حذفی مشاهده نشد. همچنین در چندین فرد آزوسپرم تغییر در شدت باندها نیز مشاهده گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نقش DAZ را در فرایند‌ اسپرم‎سازی مردان را تأیید کرد.

In this paper, an inventory control model for a two-tier system is presented that applies the policy (R, Q) at each level to the IHP of each non-repair spare part, which has assumptions that limit its application to real-life situations. Slow. This research has expanded and extended this model by assuming discrete orders and warehouse space constraints. In the new situation, modeling was performed and then to solve the model obtained, the heuristic Genetic Algorithms (GA) were used ( ICAs) were developed and implemented. Also, their performance is evaluated by comparing the performance of the two algorithms.

The main goal of this research is to identify and rank factors affecting innovation in accounting. In this research, firstly, accounting specialists were selected by purposeful sampling methods, and then qualitative data were collected using open questionnaires. After analyzing the collected data using the phenomenology method, 11 factors were identified. Subsequently, a survey involving 17 faculty members from the accounting departments of Iranian public universities was conducted, and the Bayesian best-worst method was employed to rank these identified factors. Based on the results, the top 3 factors affecting innovation in accounting, in order of importance, include advances in information technology, changes in the business environment, and the level of financial knowledge and analytical skills of accountants. In order to improve the context of innovation in accounting, the results of this research suggest accountants should have general information about business and advances in information technology. They also, as the human capital of the innovation process in accounting, should continuously improve their level of financial knowledge and analytical skills.IntroductionIn recent years, the information technologies, such as cloud service models, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are rapidly transforming the business environments and have raised concerns about the future of the accounting profession. Although these emerging technologies are still designed for the day-to-day work of accountants, they can significantly change the future work of accountants (Moll & Yigitbasioglu, 2019). It seems that in the face of the said technologies, the provision of accounting services, such as bookkeeping, preparing financial statements, preparing tax returns, and auditing, have all been subject to radical innovations (Bowles et al., 2020). According to the accounting literature, a new set of skills is necessary for accountants due to these emerging technologies. This is while job advertisements of Iranian companies (https://www.irantalent.com), still demand traditional job roles for accountants and instead, new job titles, such as fraud investigation specialist and senior data analyst have been emerging that can cover the newly defined job roles of accountants by literature. It seems that to reinforce the position of accountants in organizations, a change in accounting and in other words, the search for innovation in accounting is necessary.To address the lack of accounting literature in the field of innovation, the primary objective of this study is to identify and rank the factors that impact innovation in accounting by using qualitative methods, to initiate the expansion of innovative thinking and the creation of innovative ideas in accounting.MethodologyThis study used the phenomenology method to identify the factors affecting innovation in accounting. The accounting specialists were chosen as an informant using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. The twelve accounting specialists who participated in the research offered a wide range of services, including auditing, consulting, financial statement preparation, and tax accounting. Data collection was carried out mainly by means of an unstructured questionnaire supported by a telephone interview. Finally, by the use of Colaizzi’s method of data analysis, the factors affecting innovation in accounting were identified (Wirihana et al., 2018, p. 31).The Bayesian best-worst method was selected to rank the factors affecting innovation in accounting. The decision-makers were seventeen faculty members in the accounting department of Iranian public universities who had publications that transfer the concept of some sort of innovation in accounting. Bayesian best-worst method is based on pairwise comparison (Mohammadi & Rezaei, 2020). Pairwise comparison data from the decision-makers who participated in the research was collected through a standard questionnaire. Finally, using Python code for the chosen method, the factors affecting innovation in accounting were ranked.Results and DiscussionAccording to the results of Colaizzi’s method of data analysis, eleven factors were identified, and using the Bayesian best-worst method, the optimal weight of all factors was calculated. Table 1 presents the overall optimal weight and rank of factors affecting innovation in accounting. The findings indicate that the factors of advances in information technology (0.127806), changes in the business environment (0.12760311), and the level of financial knowledge and analytical skills of accountants (0.10951763) are respectively the most important factors. According to the optimal weight of all factors, it can be seen that none of the factors are irrelevant to innovation in accounting, because the weight of the least important factor is equal to 0.06665689. In fact, neither factor has an optimal weight lower than 0.065.ConclusionThe field of research into innovation in accounting is new, therefore this research generates new insight into the area. Among the practical implications, the study suggests that accountants consider environmental factors, such as advances in information technology and constantly update their knowledge and skills. It also suggests that they should improve their overall business knowledge by familiarizing themselves with different companies' operations and financial processes. Moreover, it suggests that they develop their analytical skills to be able to clarify the implications of decision-making results. Lastly, this study suggests that to achieve innovation in accounting, the conduct of research related to innovation and the cooperation of accountants can generate ideas to improve innovation in accounting.The study was qualitative in nature, as a result, this study cannot argue that the nature of innovation in accounting and the factors affecting it remain unchanged over time. Therefore, this study recommends more research in this field to contribute to a better understanding of innovation in accounting.

Violence in society, especially in the family, is one of the acute social problems that is observed in all geographical areas and religious and racial groups and educational, occupational, economic and social levels. The purpose of this study is a sociological analysis of domestic violence against children in Ilam with a grounded theory approach. The study population includes all parents involved in the phenomenon of child abuse in Ilam. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation, and the validity of the findings was provided by confirmation and matching with the opinions of expert judges and key informants. In this study, information was collected through in-depth interviews and semi-structured. Analysis of graduate interviews led to the formation of a conceptual framework in the form of causal conditions with the categories of "low economic capital", "corona and change in family lifestyle", "family inefficiency", "health status", background conditions in the form of " "Generational conflict", "Parental anticipation tradition", "Gender inequality", "Another desire", and "Violence as a normative norm", Mediating conditions in the form of "Internet and changing habits", "Conflict of job-family roles", And the strategies of "despair", "punishment as education" and finally the category of negative individual consequence, "family-social consequence".Considering the relationship between the categories, finally the core category of "structural deprivation" was extracted as a category explaining violence against children in the city of Ilam.