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Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide a model of factors affecting smart governance in the country. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its implementation, and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 university experts familiar with the subject, who were selected in a non-probability and judgmental manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all the managers and experts working in South Khorasan governorate and Birjand city governorate of planning administration equal to 420 people, and the sample number was selected using Cochran's formula of 200 people. The sampling method in this section was done in a random stratified manner. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative section were used to collect information. In the qualitative part, the fuzzy Delphi method was used, and the data from the interviews were coded and analyzed in the three main stages of open coding; axial coding; and selective coding, and SmartPLS 3 software was used in the quantitative part of factor analysis, and SPSS 22 software was used for analysis. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that three categories of background factors (equipment and infrastructure, required resources, information and communication technology, statistics and intelligent information, and formation platform), content (cyber security, strategy formulation, intelligent management and intelligent planning) and Structural (smart readiness, smart architecture, and smart administration) are effective on the formation of smart governance in the country. The results of the quantitative section showed that the model is of good quality. Extended Abstract Introduction The evolution of human knowledge shows that along with the change in the nature and form of the problems facing mankind, the knowledge packages suitable for the management of such problems have also undergone evolution. One of the important human knowledge that plays an important role in the survival and health of societies is the knowledge of governance and management of public affairs. Therefore, political systems should choose their appropriate style of governance according to the social, political, economic and cultural environment governing the society (Hoseini et al, 2022). One of the most important opportunities that information technology presents to statesmen and managers is increasing accessibility, strengthening efficiency and re-engineering the architecture of the government and the possibility of making it more responsive. The use of information technology in the governance process has led to the emergence of a reality called "smart governance" which is a prerequisite for governing information societies (Mohammadi et al, 2021). Smart governance is about relationships between private, public, economic and social stakeholders and focuses on citizen participation (Lopes & Oliveira, 2017). This style of governance is based on a transparent management system that allows citizens to participate in the planning and decision-making process in terms of the development of their communities, and ensure free access to information (Penaska & Velas, 2019). Smart governance uses information and communication technology to improve democratic processes and public services (e-government), support and facilitate planning and decision-making (Camero & Alba, 2019). Based on this, the researcher of the present study intends to answer the main question: what model of effective factors is suitable for smart governance in the country? Theoretical framework Smart governance Smart governance refers to the intelligent use of information and communication technology to improve decision-making through better collaboration between different stakeholders, including government and citizens. In this case, tools based on information and communication technology, such as social media and the openness of the political space, can be factors that increase citizen interaction and support the development of new governance models for the smart government. Smart governance may also play an important role in smart city initiatives that require complex interactions between governments, citizens, and other stakeholders (Nasri & Tabarzad, 2020). Smart governance is a style of management that is formed based on the intelligent participation of citizens through information and communication technology. This new form of governance transforms citizens from passive consumers of city services to active actors who can comment on the type of services they need (Mohammadi Dehchshme & Moradi, 2021). In other words, this type of governance is based on a transparent management system. This should allow citizens to participate in the planning and decision-making process in terms of city development and ensure free access to information (Penaska & Velas, 2019). Research background Chegni & Koshtar Haranki (2022), examined "smart (knowledge-based) governance relying on the development model (functions of thinker boards)", to explain the concept of thinker board as a strategic and influential institution on the country's decision-making and policy making process and drawing and presenting a local and ecologically compatible model of governance in Iran from this strategic institution. The findings of this research showed that the Islamic Republic's thinker boards at the macro level can help to make the country's governance system smarter and knowledge-based, and in addition to the common functions; it can have functions such as the governing body, guiding and directing the country's macro policies, protection and supervision, explaining the basics, concepts and theoretical frameworks, discourse maker, observation and production of thought, strength of the internal structure of power, socialization and grounding of modern Islamic civilization, use of popular participation and mobilization in the matter of political research and decision making and consultation and problem solving. Hamghadam et al, (2022) investigated "presenting future scenarios of smart urban governance (case study: Rasht city)". The results of the analysis showed that the appropriate foundation scenarios in the field of citizenship education and raising awareness, popular participation and citizenship and private sector participation, making arrangements to increase the budget in the field of smartness, and municipal support of the smart government have the most adaptive value in the future of smart urban governance of the city of Rasht. Research methodology The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its implementation, and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all the managers and experts working in South Khorasan Governorate and Birjand City Governorate of planning administration, which was identified as 420 people based on internal statistics. Also, the sampling method in this section was done in a random stratified manner. The number of samples was obtained using Cochran's formula considering that the number of people in the studied society was 200. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 university experts familiar with the subject, who were selected in a non-probability and judgmental manner. In this research, the research strategy is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) that after defining the topic and conducting preliminary exploratory and library studies and semi-structured interviews, the relevant factors and components are determined through the Delphi method, which is considered a qualitative research method, by a researcher-made questionnaire (including the answers of the five-choice Likert range and an open question to add possible new components) according to academic and professional experts familiar with the subject, And after receiving their qualitative and quantitative corrective opinions (prioritization of factors) based on the statistical methods of analysis, and finally, through three rounds of going back and forth of the fit of the model, components, and combination of factors reached the consensus of the elites. Research data collection tools are a) library studies (foreign and domestic books and publications, databases, internet sites, etc.); b) semi-structured interviews with academic experts and specialists in the field of governance and information technology; c) a questionnaire. In the qualitative part, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed in the first stage using three stages of open, central and selective coding; and in the quantitative part, the required data were collected through a questionnaire with closed questions, and in order to analyze them, confirmatory factor analysis test was used in SmartPLS 3 software environment. Also, SPSS 22 software environment was used to analyze the data collected in the descriptive statistics section and determine Cronbach's alpha to check the reliability of the data collection tool. Discussion and results: SPSS 22 statistical software was used for descriptive data analysis. And the structural equation test was used using SMART PLS 3 software to answer the research questions. Factor loadings are calculated by calculating the correlation value of the indicators of a structure with that structure. If this value is equal to or greater than 0.4, it confirms that the variance between the structure and its indicators is greater than the variance of the size error of that structure, and the reliability of that measurement model is acceptable. The results of the factor analysis show the desired components, since the factor loading of all the items is more than 0.4, and also the value of t statistic is more than 1.96, so the model has good validity. Conclusion: The construction of the concept of intelligent governance has played an important role in shaping the existing electronic goals in the world's information society, followed by the progress and development of different societies. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of factors affecting smart governance in the country so that by knowing smart governance and the factors affecting it, future strategies and plans can be adopted in line with the effective establishment and development of this type of governance in the country. Therefore, according to the studies conducted in this field and also, based on the analytical logic of the open system and taking into account the opinion of experts, the factors affecting smart governance were finally categorized in the form of 3 dimensions and 12 components, which in terms of prioritizing the components of the three factors, were ranked respectively; in the contextual factors section: the formation platform, equipment and infrastructure, statistics and intelligent information, information and communication technology, and required resources; in content factors section: cyber security, smart management, strategy formulation and smart planning; and in the structural factors section: smart architecture, smart administration and smart preparation. Contextual factors such as needs assessment and capacity producing, along with causal factors, provide a suitable platform for the establishment of smart governance in the country. The contextual factor of needs assessment in this research included equipment and infrastructure, required resources, information and communication technology, cyber security, statistics and intelligent information. In other words, equipment and infrastructure such as hardware, software, high-speed and secure internet, user-friendly designed websites and portals, resources such as sufficient financial and human resources, and most importantly securing this virtual space through the creation of functional ID, network security, design and the development of security laws, and finally the creation of mechanized databases in various fields and the formation of electronic statistics and information units in government organizations can help to provide a suitable platform for the establishment of smart governance in the country as effectively as possible.

Background & aim: Opportunistic fungal infections following COVID-19 is problematic. Antifungal medications are as well used to treat people who have fungal infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungal infections and the usage of antifungal medications before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study was conducted in 2021.The records of patients who were hospitalized in Abadan hospitals in the year before or the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and received at least one of the antifungal medication’s fluconazole, caspofungin, or amphotericin B were extracted and assessed for the present study. Demographic information of patients, type of ward, and type of fungal infection, history of previous infection with covid-19 and severity of disease were extracted from patient files. Descriptive analysis, chi-square, and ANOVA statistics were used to analysis the data. Results: The results indicated that the mucormycosis and aspergillus fungal infections had dramatically increased in the two years since the COVID-19 pandemic initiated. Although it was not statistically significant, the usage of antifungal medications rose in the two years following the beginning of COVID-19 compared to the prior two years. The mucormycosis fungus was the most prevalent fungal infection. The lung was the most commonly infected organ. All patients with fungal infection had a history of severe COVID-19 following the COVID-19 pandemic. The most often used medication was amphotericin B. This difference was substantial (P< 0.001) when aspergillosis patients received capsofungin, mucormycosis patients received amphotericin B, and candida patients received fluconazole. Conclusion: The present indicated that aspergillosis and mucormycosis fungal infections were more common during the COVID-19 pandemic, and as a result, antifungal medication use has increased as well. Additionally, all three medications (fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B) were administrated according guidelines.

Network function virtualization technology transforms hardware middleboxes into sets of software-based Virtual Network Function (VNF ) that can host the growing demand for latency-sensitive services at the fog-cloud computing-based networks. Dynamic placement of service functions chain by reusing (VNF) instances can improve resource utilization and save time. To address this problem, we propose a parallelized service function chain placement method by reusing (VNF) in fog-cloud computing-based networks. Here, the placement problem is configured using deep reinforcement learning approaches with the aim of maximizing long-term cumulative reward. By sharing (VNF) s in parallel, this method can achieve computational acceleration in providing online services. In addition, the proposed method increases the ability to accept future requests by extracting the distribution of the initialized (VNF) s. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method, where considering the monetary cost criterion of more than 7%, it performs better than the best existing methods.

As an interdisciplinary subject, the study of the environment requires an integrated approach. As a matter of fact, a number of thinkers in this field have used the constructivist approach to study the environmental issues because this emphasizes the role of social factors along with technical and ecological ones in explaining them. With a transtheroretical approach, the aim of the present article is to study the constructivist-interpretative paradigm and determine its cognitive aspects as well as provide a model to study the environmental issues. The paper uses Ritzer's meta-theorizing as a tool to achieve the aforementioned goals. The findings of the study of the intellectual evolution of the constructivism paradigm in classical and contemporary thoughts show that the philosophical foundation of this paradigm is intertwined in the thought of philosophers who emphasize the study of interactions between objects and subjects. This school of sociology is based on the theories of Schutz, Weber, Heidegger, Berger and Luckmann, who studied interactions and social contexts. In the sociological domain, for social issues, specifically environment, thinkers such as Spector and Kitsuse, Loseke, Hannigan, and Yearley used the constructivist perspective to study the discovery, emergence and success of these issues. With the formation of absolute and textual schools in constructivism, this approach turns from pure subjectivism to simply objective and subjective factors. As such, many other thinkers with an integrated insight pointed to multiple levels of social realities as mentioned by Ritzer. The results show that the connection and interaction of environmental issues at principal levels of the paradigmatic model of environmental realities in the constructivist-interpretive theory.

IntroductionIran is located in arid and semi-arid areas of the world and the major factor in this region is water shortage. The intensive use of groundwater resources has often affected ground water levels in many parts of the world. This research was carried out with the aim of determining the appropriate management strategies for the optimal use of water resources in the Darband Samalghan watershed with the SWOT approach.Materials and methodsIn order to carry out this research, several stages have been implemented, which include collecting information and data from the study area, as well as collecting all the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the area, from the perspective of a group including experts and specialists in water resources to make a decision about the strategies. In the next stage, they were informed about the conditions of the region and the purpose of this study, and then scoring of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) was obtained. And by examining the factors with the current situation and choosing the best strategic group among SO, WO, ST and WT strategies, the SWOT matrix was formed and the most important management strategies compatible with the region were presented.Results and discussionTo determine the management strategies of water resources in Darband Samalghan watershed, the average of all SWOT tables was calculated. The sum of the scores obtained from the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors were 1.838 Strengths, 2.276 weaknesses, 1.908 opportunities, and 2.572 threats respectively, and as a result, the weaknesses outweigh the strengths. They prevail and also the threats are ahead compared to the opportunities. WT strategy, from the point of view of the experts present in the brainstorming session, had the most establishments among other strategies, and the strategies of this study area were close to defensive strategies. This strategy aims to minimize losses caused by threats and weaknesses.Conclusions and suggestionAfter determining the parameters of weakness, strength, opportunity, and threat, finally the defensive strategy was determined as the best management strategy in Darband Samalghan area. According to the results obtained from this research, based on the opportunities and strengths in the region, it is possible to propose solutions that neutralize the threats and weaknesses in order to achieve the balance of the region's aquifer. If we lose time and the main factor of opportunity, the situation in the not so distant future will become much more critical than the current situation.

Background and Aim: Aging is often accompanied by inflammation and lipid abnormalities. This study aimed at investigating the effects of endurance training combined with Citrus aurantium L.var. amara Engl. (CAVAO) consumption on the lipid profile, intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 aged Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), HIIT with CAVAO (HIIT+CA), MICT with CAVAO (MICT+CA), CAVAO alone (CA) (300 mg/kg/day), control, and sham. Over eight weeks, HIIT was conducted at 85-110% VO2max intensity, while MICT was performed at 65-75% VO2max intensity. Lipid profiles were assessed using a kit, and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expressions were analyzed via RT-PCR. Results: HIIT, MICT, HIIT+CA, MICT+CA, and CA resulted in a significant increase in HDL levels, with HIIT showing the most pronounced effect (P

The purpose of this research is to understand the women working in the public sector about the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion. According to its purpose, the research method is applied, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, of thematic analysis type, and in terms of its nature, it is fundamental and descriptive. The statistical population of the research includes 14 women working in the central bank, and the sampling was done in a purposeful and snowball manner, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, MAXQDA 2020 software was used for coding. The results show that 60 themes as basic themes, 15 organizing themes (unsupportive environment, positive organizational climate, bee syndrome, legal gap, empowerment, lack of protective laws, discriminatory structure of recruitment and promotion, gender bias, hierarchical relationship, etc.) work, incompatibility of job structure and family obligations, measuring productivity, job identity, individual characteristics, women's needs) and finally after comparing and analyzing the themes of the organizer, 3 main categories under the title of inclusive themes (ruling atmosphere from women's point of view, possibility Employment in the middle to upper level, women's belief about career advancement) was identified and finally, the model of public sector working women's understanding of the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion was identified. Extended Abstract Introduction In today's world, development is referred to as a concept that has global attention, especially in developing countries; and achieving its different dimensions is always present in planning and targeting. Achieving development is not only very important in itself, but faster achieving of it is also very important among the countries of the world as a privilege in this competitive world. In order to speed up the development process, it is necessary for societies to use their human resources efficiently. Development is a multidimensional concept that can be examined from different perspectives. Among the key factors of development, human resources are the main capital of any organization and country (Gheitasi & Azizi, 2020). Currently, the role of women is an undeniable priority for organizations and development planners (Abbas Zadeh, 2015). Today's world is rapidly moving towards the era of globalization (Arora et al, 2020). Despite all the efforts and progress to change the shape of the economy and the mentality of the society, the slow growth of women in organizations still exists due to the challenges of a completely competitive world. On one hand, the need for women's employment and the positive changes occurred over the years motivate them to keep pace with men; and on the other hand, they do not feel the necessary supportive atmosphere to believe in their abilities to face the challenges before them. (Rajabi Nezhad, 2021). Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: What is the perception of women working in the public sector about the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion? Theoretical Framework Development management Development management is a concept that refers to two subsets of development of management and management of development. The development of management takes the necessary measures in order to improve the administrative capacity for development, and management of development is said to be a set of organized efforts and targeted programs of the administrative system that are in line with the national development goals (Vaezi et al, 2021). Women's participation and development Development is a change that is consciously planned and implemented by a nation and government towards modernity. It is also possible to provide a simpler understanding of development as "the process of change in a desirable direction through planned efforts." From the above two definitions, it can be concluded that "participation" is the key to success in achieving the country's development goals. In the implementation of participatory approaches in order to achieve development goals, it is very important to attract the participation of stakeholders, and therefore awareness and reward methods may be used to encourage people to participate in the implementation of development programs (Bagheri et al, 2019). The social, political and economic participation of the people in the decisions and determining the policies of any society causes the sustainable and all-round development of that society (Moghiseh, 2020), and a development is sustainable that solves the current needs in such a way that the ability of the future generations do not compromise in meeting their needs (Amirbeyki Langroudi et al, 2020). Women and management of organizations In today's world, the quality and capability of human resources ensures the prosperity of organizations. Considering that the success of organizations depends on the use of different expertise and considering that women have special capabilities in creating a dynamic atmosphere, healthy culture, effective communication, and creativity and innovation in the organization; therefore, it seems that creating the necessary conditions for increasing the presence of women in the management category and developing their skills is of particular importance (Ahmadi et al, 2017). Danesh Nari (2021) in a research investigated the protection of employment laws for working women. This research, assuming that the legislator in Article 21 of the Constitution has addressed the necessity of creating special protections for women and in some cases also considered protections in the normal laws, seeks to answer the question whether the legislator, while paying attention to the rights of citizens, has considered a right in the law for working women? Nayyeri et al, (2021) investigated the lived experience of successful employees in their career path. The results of the research determined that people who achieve career success have different lived experiences in their career path that have affected their success. Research methodology According to its purpose, the research method is applicable; and in terms of its implementation, it is qualitative, of thematic analysis type; and in terms of its nature, it is fundamental and descriptive. The statistical population of the research includes 14 women working in the central bank, and the sampling was done in a purposeful and snowball way, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Research findings For data analysis, MAXQDA 2020 software was used for coding. The results show that 60 themes as basic themes, 15 organizing themes (unsupportive environment, positive organizational climate, bee syndrome, legal gap, empowerment, lack of protective laws, discriminatory structure of recruitment and promotion, gender bias, hierarchical relationship, overtime work, incompatibility of job structure and family obligations, measuring productivity, job identity, individual characteristics, women's needs), and finally after comparing and analyzing the themes of the organizer, 3 main categories under the title of inclusive themes (ruling atmosphere from women's point of view, Employment possibility in the middle to upper level, women's belief about job advancement) was identified, and finally, the model of public sector working women's understanding of the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion was identified. Conclusion The current research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the organizational atmosphere of women working in the public sector in the path of employment and promotion. Also, the results of this research corresponds with the results of Danesh Nari (2021), Nayyeri et al, (2021), Rahimian et al, (2020), Ezami (2020), Maynen (2021), Kaftandzieva & Nakov (2021), Casad et al, (2021) Nocco & Larson (2021), Calinaud et al, (2021), Molaei et al, (2020). Molaei et al, (2020) in a research, while investigating the issue of women's non-promotion, through a systematic review, meta-analyzed the research conducted on the topic of identifying obstacles to the promotion of women to management levels in Iran's government organizations. The findings stated that in the 80s, most of the researches considered the individual-family obstacles as the most important obstacles for the promotion of women to management levels. But in the following years, in addition to changing priorities, a new obstacle was also added to the promotion obstacles. As a result of the findings, the barriers to the promotion of women are categorized and prioritized into four general categories: social-cultural barriers (gender stereotypes and the dominance of patriarchal culture), political barriers (absence of women in power circles, absence of women in political parties and groups, women's inability to lobby). Organizational barriers (the organization's lack of trust in women, management as a man's prerogative, women's lack of presence in informal communication networks), and finally personal-family barriers (women's lack of self-confidence, women's lack of motivation to progress, and women's double responsibility in the family). According to the results of the research, the following suggestions are presented: The studied working women dislike injustice, discrimination and job problems, so that it is even possible that these cases will motivate and force them to leave their jobs, resign or change their workplace. As a result, it is recommended that organizations put meritocracy in the center of their cultural programs to effectively use women's capacities in business. The most important problems of women - from their own point of view - have been declared to be the traditional attitude of senior managers, lack of fair distribution of benefits, and unequal conditions for job promotion by other employees. If organizations want to use women's talents in jobs, they should consider eliminating or reducing these problems. In other words, organizations should fight with these attitudes through cultural programs, and while promoting meritocracy by publishing the achievements of working women, change the way of thinking of senior managers and other workers. Working women have declared prejudice and traditional attitudes and the lack of equal conditions as obstacles to their promotion. Therefore, the organizations that want to benefit from this abundant force should put the adjustment of these attitudes in the cultural and educational agenda. A specific suggestion in this field is to compile core values ​​and establish values ​​such as equality and eliminating discrimination. In addition, it is suggested to revise the systems and structures in order to eliminate the discrimination caused by gender.

Background and purpose: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular coitus. Anovulatory processes are the most common cause of infertility in women. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of combination treatment of clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole versus letrozole alone for ovulation induction and pregnancy rate in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: This is a single-blind, controlled trial study. A total of 102 infertile PCOS women were randomly divided into two groups. Group one (n=51) received 100 mg CC plus 5 mg letrozole daily on cycle days 3-7 for a single treatment cycle and group two (n=51) received 5 mg letrozole daily on cycle days 3-7 for a single treatment cycle. When at least one follicle reached a diameter of 18-19 mm, the patients received human gonadotropin hormone (5000 U-IV injection). The couples had regular intercourse, 2-3 times a week, as they had been instructed. Results: The number of follicles with a diameter of 14 mm was significantly higher in women who received the combination treatment of letrozole and clomiphene compared to the ones who received letrozole treatment (P=0.04). There were no statisticaly significant differences in the number of 18 mm follicles (P=0.07), mean endometrial thickening (P=0.37), clinical pregnancy rate (P=0.99), ongoing pregnancy rate (P=0.59), multiple pregnancy rate (P=0.99), and live birth (P= 0.99) between the two groups. Conclusion: According to our study, the combination treatment of letrozole and CC is more effective than letrozole and can be used as the first-line therapy for infertility in women with PCOS. Moreover, the cost and risk of this treatment may be lower than other induction ovulation treatments.

The Khoud copper skarn ore deposit, located about 50 km northwest of the Taft City in Yazd province, is situated within the middle part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt. The geology of this ore deposit is dominated by upper triassic carbonate units that were intruded by an Oligo-Miocene granodiorite porphyry. Garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn zones had replaced marble and limestone in the contact zone with the granodiorite porphyry. In this paper, δ18O and δ13C values of calcites from limestone (sedimentary calcite), marble (metamorphic calcite), and skarn calcite have been reported and interpreted. The data shows that systematic depletion of 18O and 13C has occurred in the metamorphic and skarn calcites. The skarn calcites show the highest depletion compared to calcite in marble and limestone. Calculated models showed that this systematic isotopic depletion in the study calcites can be attributed to a magmatic fluid infiltration and fluid-induced decarbonation. Depletion in 18O and 13C of various calcite types of Khoud deposit can be explained by magmatic fluid (δ18Ofluid = +9.0‰) that reacted/interacted with unaltered carbonate rocks at temperatures of less than 400oC with X(CO2) lower than 0.05 and W/R ratio of 25 to 50%. Introduction The Khoud copper skarn deposit is located 50 km west of Yazd in the middle part of the Urmia Dokhtar magmatic belt. This magmatic belt is known for porphyry Cu, skarn Cu and epithermal Au ore deposits. The study area is dominated by Mesozoic marble and carbonate rocks that intruded a granodiorite porphyry and host skarn Cu mineralization. The mineralization occurs as massive sulfides such as chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite and pyrrhotite replacement within marble and skarn. Supergene minerals occur as Cu carbonates and iron hydroxides. The sedimentary, metamorphic, metasomatic and Cu mineralization in the Khoud may be representative different fluids and indicate that the study area had experienced variable water-rock interaction. Shieh and Taylor (1969) made the first carbon and oxygen stable isotopes studies of skarn systems and showed that calcite in skarn zones (skarn calcite) was sharply depleted in 18O and 13C relative to calcites in marble (marble or metamorphic calcite) and limestone (sedimentary calcite). In the last few decades, the 18O and 13C data on the skarns and carbonates of metamorphic aureoles has been subject of many studies (for example, Shin and Lee, 2003; Boomeri et al., 2010; Orhan et al., 2011; Demir et al., 2017). The objective of this paper is to apply carbon and oxygen isotopic studies of carbonate minerals in the metamorphic-metasomatic aureole of the Khoud intrusions to understand nature of fluids and estimate water-rock ratio by mass balance calculation and modelling. Method Approximately 20 mg of powdered samples of granite rocks were reacted in F2 gas, in a nickel tube at 500° C for twelve hours to produce O2 gas. This gas was finally converted into carbon dioxide gas in a graphite furnace at a temperature of 700o C and was collected by a pump and a liquid nitrogen trap. Approximately 20 mg of powdered calcites was decomposed in pure phosphoric acid at 25°C and the released carbon dioxide gas was used for isotopic analysis. The released carbon dioxide gas was collected in a liquid nitrogen trap. Carbon dioxide gas was then separated from water vapor by replacing the dry ice-acetone trap. Carbon dioxide gas isotope measurements were performed using a mass spectrometer using a Finnigan MAT 250 Mass Spectrometer of the Akita University. Results and Discussion Silicates The δ18O values of the granodiorite porphyry range from 11.3 to 12.8 ‰ (Table 2). These δ18O values are higher than those of the I-type granitoids (e.g., Taylor and Sheppard, 1986; +8.0 to +10.0 ‰). The higher δ18O values could indicate crustal contamination in magma or direct exchanges between granitic melt and metamorphic sedimentary rocks (Taylor and Sheppard, 1986). The alteration and weathering are another processes to change and increase δ18O value of the granodiorite porphyry. Maximum homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in garnets of the study area is 361 oC which with pressure correction the maximum temperature of hydrothermal fluids is 400 oC (Zahedi et al., 2014). Therefore, the δ18O value of a fluid in equilibrium with the Khoud granodiorite porphyry can be calculated at temperature of 400 oC (according to the fluid inclusion in garnet) and the oxygen isotopic fractionation factor of O'Neil and Taylor (1967) or 1000Lnplagioclase (An=30 %) -water=2.68(1000000/T2)-3.29. For granite, is close to (Taylor, 1978). The δ18O value calculated for this fluid ranges from 8.7 to 10.2 ‰ (Table 2), that is in the range of a magmatic water. Carbonates d18O and d13C values of various calcite types from the Khoud deposit are shown in Table 3 and are drawn in Figure 5. The d18O and d13C values of limestone calcites vary from 23.6 to 24.7 ‰ and 2.2 to 2.4 ‰, respectively. The d18O and d13C values of marble calcites range from 15.5 to 19.0 ‰ and -0.7 to 0.0 ‰, respectively. The d18O and d13C values of skarn calcite changes from 12.2 to 13.4 ‰ and -2.9 to -0.4 ‰, respectively. The d 18O and d13C vales of the sedimentary calcites are in range of normal marine sedimentary calcites, the marble calcites have the lower value, the skarn calcites are strongly depleted in d 18O relative to limestone and marble calcites. The coupled 18O-13C depletions are observed in many skarn systems involving carbonate (Shin and Lee, 2003; Taylor and O'Neil, 1977). The depletions have been made by batch and Rayleigh decarbonation and infiltration. In the skarn systems, d 18O and d 13C depletions by batch volatilization or decarbonation are low while d13C depletion by Rayleigh volatilization is high. The isotopic effects by Rayleigh volatilization are illustrated in Fig. 4. This illustration shows trends of Rayleigh volatilization. The d 18O and d 13C values of marble and skarn limestones shown in Fig. 4 shift around from Rayleigh decarbonation trends. In fact, the large isotopic shifts in d18O and d13C of skarn calcites from Khoud deposit can be caused by infiltration processes. Significant infiltration fluids could also cause large d18O and d13C depletions in skarn calcites. There are models that can be used to express the nature and rate of isotopic change of carbonate host rocks as a function of progressive increase in water-rock ratio where temperature and X(CO2) are known (Boomeri et al., 2010). These models are widely used to interpret changes in d18O and d13C values in carbonate rocks in metasomatic-metamorphic halos, for example by (Shin and Lee, 2003). The mass balance equations of closed and open systems from Taylor and O'Neil, 1977 and isotopic fractionation factors from Friedman and O' Neil, 1977 for calcite-water and calcite-CO2 was used to model the isotopic variation of carbonate rocks in Khoud deposit. The d18O and d13C variation curve diagrams shown in figure 5 are the result of interaction between the hydrothermal solutions (δ13C = -8.0 ‰ and δ18O = +9.0‰) and the fresh limestone (δ18O=25.0 ‰, δ13C = 3‰) at temperatures of 250° to 400° C in open systems with X(CO2) = 0.02 and water/rock ratio of 0 to 100 % for calcites. Therefore, the low d18O and d13C value of skarn calcite can be interpreted by infiltration of the magmatic water in the calcic skarn. The amount of d18O and d13C depends on several factors such as initial isotopic composition of rock, fluid, temperature, water-rock ratio and X(CO2). As Figure 5 shows the d18O and d13C depletion could mainly be caused by magmatic fluids (d18O =9.0‰) that reacted/interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at temperatures of 400oC with X(CO2) =0.02 and water/rock ratio of 20 to 50%.

Background and purpose: The Internet of Things (IoT) essentially refers to the connectivity of various objects through the internet to facilitate a more efficient and intelligent experience. However, due to the emerging nature of this technology in Iran, instances of its full deployment in service organizations, including hospitals, are rare or infrequent. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the key success factors for the deployment of IoT and assess the readiness for implementing this technology in Milad Hospital, Tehran. Methods: This research is a descriptive-survey study conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 30 key success factors were identified through a review of previous studies. In the second, survey phase, 93 managers and staff members of Milad Hospital formed the statistical population, and data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The comparison of the current and ideal states of success factors for IoT implementation, and their ranking, were done using the t-test and Friedman test in SPSS software. Results: Based on this study, factors such as information technology, organizational culture, organizational structure, and human resources were identified as the most crucial for successful IoT deployment in the hospital. Additionally, the results showed that there is a significant gap between the hospital's current state and the desired state for IoT implementation in these identified areas. Conclusion: Successful implementation of IoT requires enhancement in readiness, both in terms of technological and organizational-cultural infrastructures

Aquaculture is a sustainable solution to respond to the increasing demand for animal protein and also, food security in the world, and today, in order to develop it, it is necessary to pay attention to the sustainable aquaculture approach (economically, socially and environmentally). The development of modern aquaculture systems has been greatly expanded in recent years and each of them pursues the goals of sustainable aquaculture in some way. In fact, modern aquaculture systems enable the achievement of sustainable aquaculture by maximizing the productivity of resources, reducing costs, appropriate production quantitatively and qualitatively, and a slight environmental effects. Among the systems introduced so far, recirculating aquaculture system, cages, aquaponics, biofloc and integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems are known as promising systems in aquatic production in the world that can be developed in Iran as well. In this review study, in addition to introducing and discussing the importance of these systems in sustainable aquaculture, the resulting opportunities and also, the challenges of developing these systems in the country are addressed

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green human resource management on organizational sustainability with respect to the mediating role of motivation and service culture of employees of sports organizations in Fars Province, Iran. Methods: This was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey of correlation type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study included the employees of sports organizations in Fars Province (n = 4047). A statistical sample of 395 people was selected using Cochran's method by stratified sampling method. To conduct the research, the standard questionnaires of organizational resources management of Sakhavalkar and Tadani, organizational sustainability of Karkolian et al., Hackman and Oldham motivation, and Danaifar service culture were used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire designed for this study was confirmed by the professors of this field and the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaires of green resource management, organizational sustainability, motivation, and service culture with values of 0.86, 0.78, 0.85, and 0.96, respectively. Statistical analysis of data was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: Green human resource standards with a path coefficient of 0.364 had an effect on sustainability. Moreover, the variable of service culture with a path coefficient of 0.408 had a mediating role in the relationship between green human resources and sustainability, and the variable of motivation did not play a significant role. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that the application of green human resource management in the sports sector can be implemented and serious attention should be paid to its various aspects such as service culture and employee motivation to strengthen sports organizations through sustainable development.

Essentialism and Haecceitism are theories to explain the issue of individuality in objects. Some philosophers consider these two schools of philosophy to be one, and others oppose this idea. In this regard, it seems that essentialism and Haecceitism can not be considered as one, because Essentialism in its strongest forms, such as Origen essentialism, seeks to solve the problem of individuality in objects through individual essence, and Haecceitism seeks to explain this problem through the Haecceity. Both views provide explanations to justify their claim, and challenge the other point of view and perspective. In this article, by explaining and criticizing the views of the followers of essentialism and Haecceitism, it has reached the general evaluation that it seems that Haecceitism has been more successful in proving its approach or in criticizing the Haecceitism by presenting more and stronger arguments and in justifying individuality for possible objects. It is more acceptable.

Introduction ‎ In today's world, poverty continues to pose a significant challenge for numerous countries globally. Its adverse impact on various facets of society, including economic growth, social well-being, and human development, hinders endeavors toward sustainable progress, particularly in developing nations like Iran. Disturbing statistics reveal an unfortunate trend where not only is poverty steadily increasing overall in Iran, but it is also specifically on the rise within rural areas. Each passing year sees more people struggling to make ends meet and turning to charitable organizations for assistance. The establishment of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in February 1978 was a pivotal step toward addressing poverty and implementing measures to alleviate it. The organization's primary objective is to support deprived and needy individuals across Iran with the ultimate goal of eradicating poverty from the society. Assessing the effectiveness of this committee's policies is crucial for achieving its mission, especially considering its work in various rural areas throughout the country. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the success of these efforts thus far.‎ Materials and Methods This study employed both qualitative and conceptual analysis methods to gather the necessary data. Data were obtained through document examination and interviews conducted with 23 clients and 5 informants of the relief committee. The research was conducted in rural Tangestan City situated within Bushehr Province with a focus on clients meeting specific criteria, such as having a household head younger than 50 years old, who was fully able-bodied, receiving support from the relief committee for at least 3 years, and being entirely financially dependent on the aid provided by the committee. Through a conceptual analysis of the interviews, 5 primary themes emerged regarding the evaluation of poverty alleviation policies established by the aid committee. These main themes included the following: The theme of inadequate institutional performance highlighted the insufficient capability of current institutions in promoting economic development while simultaneously reducing poverty and inequality. This theme encompassed 3 sub-themes: failure to cater to basic client needs, overpricing clients through inflation, lack of transparency, and administrative corruption. Therefore, regular institutional improvements were required to increase participation levels, enabling progress within the society. The theme of macroeconomic instability of society comprised 3 sub-themes: the inflationary economic structure of the society, financial obstacles related to banking, and the committee's weak finances coupled with ineffective communication practices towards other institutions. The current state had been primarily brought about due to Iran's economy heavily relying on oil for sustenance, along with a persistently high double-digit inflation rate over 4 decades. The theme of acceptance of the culture of poverty emerged from 3 sub-themes: the absence of social empowerment for clients, a culture that accepted and perpetuated poverty, and a lack of demands made by clients to their committee. The sustained conditions faced by these individuals over time had fostered feelings of fatalism and learned helplessness, ultimately impeding progress towards alleviating poverty. The underlying message of the theme of lack of effective facilitation programs was based on the fact that the relief committee's programs suffered from inadequacies in both quantity and quality, along with unequal distribution of opportunities and privileges. Moreover, there appeared to be a lack of effective employment strategies due to insufficient rural self-employment plans and short-term objectives by the relief committee. Discussion of Results & Conclusion This study revealed that the relief committee's efforts to reduce poverty in rural areas were inadequate across various sectors. In addition to implementing necessary economic reforms, the Imam Khomeini's Relief Committee must address banking barriers and correctly identify those truly in need of aid. Effective supervision of charitable institutions, increased community involvement through communication with other government agencies, encouragement of workforce development programs, and social counseling services are also recommended actions toward improving poverty alleviation outcomes. This research showed that while individual factors play a role in perpetuating cyclical poverty at micro-levels, more important are structural issues that determine success or failure when addressing policies related to reducing such inequalities within these communities.

Formulation of suitable strategies in the agricultural sector, considering the limitations of water resources, can ensure the food security of the country and reduce the country's food needs abroad. Aquatic production, as a healthy and nutritious protein source, can play an important role in employment, providing health and sustainable food security for society. In this regard, the use of modern aquaculture systems that have high productivity and less water consumption can be very valuable in achieving sustainable aquaculture. In this article, while investigating the current situation of aquaculture in the world, the amount of aquaculture production in our country will be presented. We will also discuss the role and importance of aquaculture in achieving sustainable food security. Finally, in addition to reviewing the tasks and performance of the Iranian Fisheries Organization in the sixth economic, social and cultural development program of the country, the obstacles to achieving the goals of development programs in the field of aquaculture in Iran will be discussed.

Background: Today, sexual health and providing the context for its realization has become a discourse and a sustainable goal in development, which has been pushed to the center of attention of politicians, experts, and researchers due to the problems arising from the unfavorable global conditions in this field. Aims: This research aimed to identify and stratify psychological, cultural, and social factors on sexual health based on the interpretive structural equation model. Methods: This research was carried out in a descriptive survey, in the first part, the dimensions and components related to stable sexual health were calculated and in the second part, the evaluation and leveling of these components were done. In the content analysis section, the society and the research environment are all first-hand and second-hand sources, including books, articles, specialized sites, upstream documents, pamphlets, and publications, which were of interest to the researcher to study the factors of sexual health development. In the stratification section, the statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of studies related to sexual health education, sex education, education, and family psychology, and 16 people were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the content analysis section was the content analysis worksheets of the first and second sources in line with the research objectives and their classification. In the stratification section, in order to determine the cause and effect of the extracted factors and their stratification, a questionnaire was created by the researcher. Which was designed based on the ISM model, was used, and in order to analyze the data, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to provide a model of sustainable sexual health development factors. Results: The results showed the recognition of sexual rights, respect for sexual rights, education of cultural and social values in this field, respect for cultural differences under the title of cultural and social factors; Teaching the expression of sexual tendencies in childhood, teaching issues related to the growth and needs of adolescents, raising awareness of sexual development in adolescence, strengthening sexual identity, building self-confidence, and teaching healthy reproductive issues under the heading of psychological factors were prioritized. Conclusion: Achieving sexual health requires continuous education since childhood, which should be done sustainably, and it is necessary to achieve this kind of health education and empowerment of children in the psychological, cultural, and social fields

Introduction Capparis spinosa is a perennial herb from the Capparidaceae family that is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. Its fruits are oval shaped, approximately 3 cm long, greenish in color with red pulp. Capparis spinosa extract is a rich source of phenolic compounds. The instability of phenolic compounds in the environmental conditions as well as their bitter or astringent taste has created challenges for the use of these compounds in the food industry. Encapsulation is a method that can positively affect bioaccessibility and bioavailability as it ensures the coating of the active component and its targeted delivery to a specific part of the digestive tract and controlled release. Encapsulation using nanoliposomes seems to be an appropriate technique to overcome these issues. Nanoliposomes are the nanometric version of liposomes. Liposomes are spherical particles composed of lipid molecules (mainly phospholipids) that tend to accumulate in polar solvents such as water in the form of bilayer membranes. Encapsulation with liposomes is an effective way to preserve the intrinsic properties of bioactive compounds during storage and production of foods fortified with them, as well as a physicochemical barrier against prooxidant agents such as free radicals, oxygen and UV. Materials and Methods Materials: Capparis spinosa fruits, were collected from subtropical regions of Ilam province (Iran). Folin ciocalteu, gallic acid and tween 80 from Merck (Germany), cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine from Sigma- Aldrich (Germany) were obtained. Methods: The extract was obtained from capparis spinosa fruit powder using ultrasonic bath (Backer, vCLEAN 1- L6, Iran). The phenolic content was measured by folin ciocalteu method. Nanoliposomes containing capparis spinosa extract were prepared in ratios of 60- 0, 50- 10, 40- 20 and 30- 30 w/w lecithin- cholesterol. Then, particle size, PI and zeta potential were measured by DLS (Horiba, Japan) at 25 oC. After calculating the encapsulation efficiency using its corresponding equation, the investigation of possible reactions between capparis spinosa extract and phospholipids was performed using FTIR at a frequency of 400- 4000 cm-1. In order to observe shape and morphology of nanoliposomes loaded with capparis spinosa extract by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), a drop of sample was poured on the laboratory slide, dried at ambient temperature and then, the sample was coated with gold layer using an ion sputtering device. The stability of the samples was evaluated by visual observation of phase separation and the release rate of phenolic compounds encapsulated in nanoliposomes at ambient temperature over a period of 60 days. Results and Discussion The amount of phenolic extract was 6.328 mg of GAE/g dry sample. The average particle size (Z- Average) was in the range of 95.05 to 164.25 nm. Increasing the cholesterol concentration resulted in enhancement of particle size of nanoliposomes. The particle size distribution was in an acceptable range of 0.3 to 0.5 (PI 0.5). The PI of the cholesterol-free nanoliposomes was maximum and significantly higher than that of the others. Addition of cholesterol increased zeta potential from -60.40 to -68.55. Higher zeta potential values indicate a higher and long term stability of the particles. Also, cholesterol led to an increase of encapsulation efficiency (EE). The stability of phenolic compounds loaded in nanoliposomes was affected by cholesterol during storage time via reducing fluidity and permeability of liposomal membrane. Presence of cholesterol also inhibited the membrane rupture and any changes into it. Results of FTIR showed interactions between wall constituents of nanoliposome and capparis spinosa extract, and confirmed successful loading of the extract within nanoliposomes. Images of FESEM were in agreement with DLS results regarding particle size and particle size distribution. Conclusion This study indicate that the nanoliposomes have potential applications in improvement of the shelf life of nutraceuticals, stability of cosmetic materials and drug delivery systems. The phenolic compounds of encapsulated extract showed good stability within two months of storage at room temperature. The results showed that the problem of instability of phenolic compounds, which leads to their limited commercial application, can be solved by encapsulation.

Accurate information about the amount of moisture and its fluctuations can provide a suitable solution for preparing soil surface moisture maps, predicting the occurrence of soil storms and dust, forecasting floods, droughts, and other climatic phenomena, determining the irrigation time table and the grazing season. In this study, the Perpendicular Soil Moisture Index (PSMI) extracted from Landsat 8 images was used to estimate and determine surface soil moisture. Using field data, the relationship between this index and soil moisture was determined. After radiometric and geometric corrections of images and normalization of field data, processing of satellite images and extraction of PSMI index were performed. Simple regression analysis between field data and index values ​​was performed at different times. Then, the accuracy of produced maps was determined with statistical indicators including coefficient of correlation (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. The results showed that estimated values with the PSMI index are completely dependent on the season and vegetation status. In the growing season and with high greenness coefficient, the accuracy of estimation was high. In dormant seasons, vegetation had a weak and moderate correlation with field data. The average coefficient of R2 in all sampling times was about 0.65. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that this index can be used to monitor soil moisture in areas with suitable vegetation, irrigation planning in agricultural areas, and the beginning and end of the livestock grazing season.

The legal status of intellectual things has three different time periods from the time of creation to the beginning of the period of protection and after that. The status of intellectual things in terms of property from the time of creation until they fall under the protective umbrella of intellectual property rights and after the expiration of the protection period, as well as what economic rights have intellectual things outside the scope of intellectual property rights, is the subject of this article. To answer this question, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, the legal status of intellectual things was investigated in two periods before and after the protection and the effect of real and contractual monopoly on mentioned things and concluded that things As long as they are under the customary dominion of the creator, are considered property and belong to the creator, and after the period of protection, they are not in the public ownership of the society of a country but are considered a part of the common heritage of humanity, that is not limited to the territorial borders of countries, and no private, governmental, or public persons have the right to own and create a monopoly whether real, legal, or contractual over it.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify those elements of user interface (i.e. navigation, structure, graphic, and content), in which users are interested since they are either visually familiar or new to themand could remain in their long term memory. Therefore, in this study, users' interaction with elements of website interfaces was investigated through information processing theorybased on the eye-mind hypothesis with considering their capabilities (i.e. learning style, information and computer literacy).Methodology: This research was carried out through an applicatory & explanatory method. The research population consisted of postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. For data gathering, interactive sessions using eye tracker was used. The four elements i.e. navigation, structure, graphics, and content of the Wikipedia's website were considered as the testbed and a set of tasks were defined and participants were asked to perform them, carrying these tasks out formed the interactive sessions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. In the descriptive section, frequency, percent, central tendency measures such as mean and dispersion indices such as standard deviation were used. As for the inferential secion, appropriate statistical measures were used to test the null hypothese; among them we can mention the multivariate two factor analysis of covariance, single variable two factors of covariance analysis and repeated measurement.Findings: The results show that among the studied elements, the navinavigations the highest number of subjects' fixation count, and graphics, content and structure occupy the next ranks respectively. Maximum and minimum fixtation count for navigation is 0.87 and for structure is 0.34. the longest participants’ fixation duration was related to navigation element, and after that graphics, structure and content respectively. Maximum fixtation duration is for navigation (0.81) and minimum fixation duration is attributed to the content element (0.42).Conclusion: Changing in interface design paradigms caused users pay little attention to content elements and become more interested in visual elements instead. By examining the eye movements of the users in this research, it is now evident that the user interface elements have impact on the users' eye movements. During the process of interaction, the users' eye movements changed from attending general elements to attending more complex ones.The results of this study is useful for user interface designers to design better user interface for stable, consistent and deep interaction with users which helps better information processing. So, based on looking behavior (through users’ eye tracking) and obtaining information regarding visited webpage, designers can get essential knowledge for specifying necessary main elements and subsidiary components in web page designing and organizing\layouting them.

In this article, an optical system for pumping the active medium of solid-state lasers with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is introduced to upgrade the master oscillator of the laser fusion facility. The optical system is based on the guiding of optical rays from light-emitting diode sources to laser rods by means of total reflecting surfaces. Three different configurations with four, five, and six segments have been designed and their geometry is optimized with 3D random ray-tracing method to obtain the best performance. The pump systems have been fabricated and successfully applied to pump a 3 mm diameter laser rod with 10 watts white spectrum LEDs. Using five segments configuration and 4 Joules electrical energy delivered to 35 LEDs, the laser oscillator produced laser spikes with multi-mode Ince-Gaussian transverse beam structure and more than 700 micro-joules laser energy at a 1 Hz repetition rate. Moreover, the Q-switched pulses with an average energy of about 35 micro-joules and 230 ns pulse-width have been generated with the optimized optical pump system. More improvement to the LED-pump system is possible, which can be led to an efficient multi-mJ laser beam.

Introduction: Since endometriosis is a chronic disease and requires long-term care, it can have a devastating effect on life quality. For this reason, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate women about endometriosis. In this regard, a mobile phone-based endometriosis training program was designed. Method: The present paper is a development-applied study and was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, to determine the educational content, after reviewing previous studies, the questions obtained were given to eleven gynecologists and reproductive health doctors to measure the necessity and effectiveness of each question. After being designed, the program was provided to 40 women of reproductive age, and the usability of the program was assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The required educational content of the application was presented in five groups and confirmed by specialists. The mean age of women who participated in this study was 32.35 ± 11.70 years. The average score of usability of the program was 8.34 out of 9 points which indicates a "good" level of satisfaction. Conclusion: Educating women through new popular tools such as mobile phones can play an important role in raising awareness and influencing their treatment. Therefore, designing a mobile phone-based training program in the field of education and awareness for women at risk of endometriosis can be advantageous.

Background: The image quality is paramount in interpreting the hepatic dynamic CT scan. A poor quality image results in repeating the procedure, which is very time-consuming for the patient and staff, and besides, it is not cost-efficient. This study intended to determine the correlation between image quality and the Hounsfield unit (HU) of the liver and its vessels in the arterial and venous phase to define the acceptable range of HUs for hepatic CT images. Methods: The image quality of 146 dynamic CT scans was assessed by qualitative and quantitative methods at Namazi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from September 2019 to August 2021. Two radiologists performed the qualitative evaluation. They categorized the image qualities into three groups; poor, acceptable, and high quality. For quantitative assessment of image quality, the Hounsfield unit of the aorta, hepatic vein, main portal vein, right anterior, right posterior, and left lateral lobe of the liver were evaluated in both arterial and venous phases. Results: According to the results of the qualitative evaluation of image quality, 59.6%, 17.8%, and 22.6% of triphasic CT scans had good, acceptable, and poor quality, respectively. There was a significant relationship between image quality and Hounsfield units of all ROIs in the arterial phase (P

Legal systems have taken different approaches to Copyright infringement but the ultimate purpose of them is to prevent the intentional and unjust appropriation of the rights of the creators. The proof of copyright infringement is easy when some rights such as reproduction is infringed or literal appropriation has taken place. However, it would be difficult to prove infringement when the plaintiff claims that defendant appropriated a material amount of his original work with some differences. The main question is how much similarities are too much? there is no definitive standard in the law, but courts believe that infringement occurs when the defendant’s work bears a substantial similarity to plaintiff's work and to achieve that they have introduced various tests. This article seeks to explain the concept of substantial similarity in Copyright infringement and the way to achieve it. The result of the research is the choice of one or more tests from the four available tests depending on the type and nature of the work. However, in all choices, it is necessary to separate protected from unprotected elements and dichotomy between idea and expression in the work. This article also show that qualitative similarities are more important than quantitative similarities.

In the present study, the effects of startup and addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) salts for 4 weeks before fish stocking on efficiency of biofilter for removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) from water, survival rate, growth performance, ammonia metabolizing and urea cycle enzymes activities as well as mucosal immunity of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fingerling. The experimental unit was a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with water holding capacity of 200 L in which 20 fingerling fish with average weight of 3.06±0.07 g were stocked and cultured for 30 days. The experimental groups included the RAS without startup and adding salts (control, group 1), startup of RAS before fish stocking (group 2) and startup RAS with adding salts (group 3). Water from each experimental unit was sampled after 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of fish stocking. The results showed that the TAN concentration in the groups 2 and 3 was significantly lower than the control group (P

Background. Happiness and vitality are among the essential spiritual and psychological needs of human beings. The main purpose of this study was to present a model of participation in sports activities with the level of social vitality and the moderating role of awareness based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods. In terms of methodology, the presnt study was a descriptive correlational study which adopted survey method for data collection. The present study’s population consisted of 120,000 males and females who participanted in group and individual sports activities and introduced by Municipality of Isfahan. A total of 384 participants including 247 females with an average age of 42±14.1 and 137 males with an average age of 46±10.66 were selected through stratified random sampling as our final sample. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of Oxford Argil Happiness (OHI) (2001) and Planned Behavior of Karimi et al. (2012) were used. Correlation coefficient, regression and structural equations were conducted through using SPSS and Amos softwares version 22 for data analysis. Results. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between willingness to do work and planned behavior of participation in sports activities, planned behavior of participation in sports activities and social vitality (p ≤0.05). Conclusion. It can be concluded hat by informing people of the beneficial effects of sports, it is possible to plan to establish people's participatory behavior in sports activities and consequently to to promote and maintain social happiness and vitality of people.

Background and Aim: Atracurium, as one of the neuromuscular relaxants, is one of the most important irritants of the allergic reaction during anesthesia, which causes the release of histamine. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of hydrocortisone on hemodynamic changes resulting from atracurium drug in patients with upper limb fractures under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 50 patients with upper limb fractures under general anesthesia, 18 to 60 years old with ASA class 1 and 2, were randomly assigned to two groups of hydrocortisone and placebo (distilled water). In intervention group, 30 minutes before entering the operating room, vial oxycort (hydrocortisone) was administered intravenously and bolus with 300 ml of normal saline. Hemodynamic changes in patients before administration of hydrocortisone, 30 minute after administration, 5 minutes after the peak effect of atracurium (before intubation) and after extubation were recorded in the relevant checklist and comparisons were made between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender and duration of surgery. Systolic blood pressure 5 minutes after the peak effect of atracurium (before intubation) in the control group was lower than the intervention group and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). Thirteen minute after hydrocortisone administration, mean blood pressure systolic and diastolic patients decreased and this decrease continued after administration of histamine release atracurium (before intubation); but after extubation, the patients’ mean blood pressure has increased. Also, after administration of atracurium, the mean heart rate of patients decreased by 14.44 units as compared to before administration of hydrocortisone and this decrease was significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that hydrocortisone can be used as an effective factor in maintaining hemodynamic stability in patients under general anesthesia. However, its use as a factor in maintaining hemodynamics has not yet been widespread and needs further investigation.

Background and Objective: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children, which is associated with pain and bleeding after the operation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lidocaine-epinephrine administration in controlling complications after tonsillectomy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 109 patients aged 5 to 18, who had referred to Kowsar Hospital in Sanandaj for tonsillectomy. After dividing the patients randomly, 40 mg of 1% lidocaine and 5 μg of epinephrine (a volume of 5 ml) were injected into the tonsillar bed in the intervention group before the surgery, but in the patients of the control group, surgery was started without lidocaine-epinephrine administration. Blood pressure and heart rate of the patients before, during and after surgery, and pain intensity based on Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale at minutes 30 and 60 and 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, and the amount of bleeding during and after surgery were recorded and compared by calculating the volume of suction and blood pads as well as the length of stay in recovery. Findings: The mean amount of bleeding in the intervention group was 65.5±47.1 ml and in the control group was 113.7±45.7 ml (p=0.0001). The mean pain intensity and hemodynamic changes at minutes 30 and 60, and 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery in the intervention group were lower than the control group and showed statistically significant differences (p=0.0001). The mean time of discharge from recovery in the intervention group was 0.35±23.2 minutes and in the control group was 50.4±17.5 minutes (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that the administration of lidocaine-epinephrine in the tonsil bed before tonsillectomy can reduce the amount of pain, bleeding, and hemodynamic changes during and after surgery, and the patient can recover sooner.

Background and Objective: Tooth decay is the main cause of pulp and periapical diseases, and when the pulp involves the tooth, there is no other choice but to drain the pulp to save the tooth. The emergence of new methods of regenerative treatments has made it possible to restore dental pulp and dentin. Since regenerative treatments have been limited to immature teeth, this study was conducted to regenerate mature pulp tissue by dental pulp stem cell transplantation along with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Matrix in rabbits. Methods: This experimental pilot study was conducted on a maxillary central incisor in a 1-year-old 2kg adult male albino rabbit. After completely cleaning the pulp tissue from the root and crown and washing the root canal, File #30 was passed through the apex to cause bleeding. Then dental pulp stem cells along with PRP were injected into the canal and the crown was sealed with glass ionomer cement. After 14 days, a radiograph was taken from the tooth, the extracted tooth was stained by hematoxylin-eosin and examined by light microscope. Findings: In the histological examination, in the inner wall of the root canal of odontoblasts, small thickness was observed in tubular dentin (about 1 mm) and pseudovascular structures. Furthermore, the entire space of the root canal was filled with a small and scattered number of inflammatory cells and pulp-like living tissue. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the observation of pseudovascular structures indicates the regenerative potential of dental pulp stem cells and opens a window for studies with more samples to effectively regenerate the dental pulp.

The purpose of this study is to identify any possible effect of users’ capabilities, such as learning styles, information or computer literacy, on their eye-movements during interaction with website interfaces, based on eye-mind hypothesis. This research was carried out through explanatory sequential mixed method. The research population was postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Sampling was done through sequential mixed method by sampling in each layer (multilevel). Finally, 20 subjects were selected. During data gathering, various tools and approaches such as Felder and Soloman Learning Style questionnaire, Information literacy and computer literacy questionnaire, interactive sessions using eye tracker were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The findings of this study showed a high correlation between computer literacy and information literacy of students. Eye movements of users during interaction with website interfaces was influenced by users’ capabilities. There was a relationship between information literacy and eye movements. The fixation duration was higher for subjects with higher information literacy than those with less information literacy. Subjects with a sensory learning style experienced a greater fixation count. Yet for those who had a sequential style, the fixation duration was longer, but the fixation count due to the linear look at the user interface was less than the global style. Subjects with lower information literacy and reflective learning style experienced more fixation counts. Those with active learning style and high information literacy had longer fixation durations. Subjects with lower levels of information literacy had more fixation count than those with higher information literacy. By examining the eye movements of the users in this research, it was determined that the user interface can affect the eye movement of the users. In the process of interaction, the users’ eye movements changed from more general elements to more complex elements. In general, it was found that the level of information literacy may direct users’ eye movements, while interacting with website, and affect how information is extracted from the interface. Also, the learning style affected the movement of the eyes of the users during the interaction.

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) appeared almost two years ago in China and quickly created a pandemic and affected all aspects of human life. The virus, termed SARS-CoV-2, is generally asymptomatic but contagious and might have originated from bats. Nowadays, the mechanisms underlying the infection and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 are distinguishable from previous coronaviruses. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment are necessary to cure the patients with COVID-19. Early evidence recommended that children are just likely as adults to become infected with this novel virus. It is now established that children are more often show gastrointestinal manifestations than adults do, and many children affected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic. Over 300 vaccine projects are recently developed by the scientific community to treat COVID-19 disease; however, these vaccines might lose efficacy by a number of unpredicted issues, including the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 mutants. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence and worldwide widespread of COVID-19, many studies are underway to find treatment modalities and develop new vaccines or antiviral substances to fight the virus. The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a challenge to global health but also has globally affected mental, social, and economic health. Moreover, the post-corona pandemic condition will undoubtedly have many Socioeconomic Challenges. This review study has been focused on epidemiology, virology, transmission methods, clinical features, laboratory findings, and prevalent mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We hope that information provided within this article will significantly benefit researchers currently investigating COVID-19 patients.

Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases that affect the global population. This study was performed to evaluate the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes of patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 patients (71 males and 29 females) in the age range of 37 to 78 years (mean age of 57.87±8.14 years) by census method undergoing CABG surgery in Amir Al-Momenin Kordkoy Hospital, north of Iran during the second half of 2020. Data including age, sex, and results of ECG changes, including changes in heart rate and pulse rate (PR) the day before surgery, the day of hospitalization, 4 hours after surgery, 18 hours after surgery, one day, and two days after surgery was recorded in a questionnaire. Results: The highest mean heart rate and PR were observed at 4 hours after surgery and then heart rate and PR were reduced and on the second day, heart rate and PR were lower than the day of hospitalization (P

In this paper, three different regimes including annular, stratified and homogeneous in the range of 5%-90% void fraction, were simulated by Mont Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) Codes. In simulated structure, a cesium 137 source and two Nal detectors were used to record received photons. In this study, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was applied to the registered signals from two detectors in order to analyze in the frequency domain. Several features of signals in the frequency domain were extracted using average value of fast Fourier transform, the amplitude of dominant frequency, kurtosis, Standard Deviation (STD), RMS (Root Mean Square) and Variance. The same features were extracted from analyzed signals of both detectors in order to find the best separation patterns. These extracted features were used as inputs of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to increase the efficiency of two-phase flowmeters. Two multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) neural networks were implemented in MATLAB software in order to classify flow regimes (annular, stratified and homogeneous) and predict the void fraction. All of the training and testing data were obtained correctly and the mean relative error percentage of the predicted void fraction was 1/15 %.

Background and Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software. Results 76 male teachers and 69 female teachers paBackground and ObjectivesThe Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.Material and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software.Results76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management. Conclusion A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management.rticipated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management.Conclusion A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic called for the virtualization of most classes. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. University teachers are obliged to transfer their knowledge to students in the teaching process in the classroom, and obviously every student has a different learning background. Thus, teachers must have the ability to resort to different methods of teaching and classroom management to be able to manage these different abilities. In other words, there is no bigger challenge for teachers than to accommodate the individual behavior of students, and certainly individual behaviors cannot be managed if the teacher can draw on only a single method. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.Material and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted analytically with the aim of investigating the attitudes of the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences towards E-learning and its relationship with management styles in 2020. The study population included all teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed through census method. The inclusion criteria was having two years’ experience of teaching, teaching more than two credits per semester (at least in two consecutive semesters), holding regular classes in each semester. Data collection tools included two questionnaires: "Classroom Management" and "E-Learning". Data analysis was performed to compare the mean of attitudes towards E-learning and classroom management with the median value of the potential range of scores. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used, in which the mean score considered for E-learning attitude questionnaire was 2.5 ( the scores ranging from 1-4) while it was considered 4 and for the management style questionnaire(the scores ranging from 1-7).In order to examine the relationship between attitudes to e-learning and management style, regression analysis was used in two simple (univariate) modes after adjustment for other (multiple) variables. Data analysis was performed, using SPSS statistical software version 21 at a significance level of 0.05. Results 76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. The results showed that concerning attitude towards E-learning, the highest mean was for "multimedia education" and the lowest mean was related to "feeling of satisfaction" in the use of E-learning among the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Having studied the three domains of management, we found the domain of "education" to have the highest mean, and the domain of "human resources" the lowest one. But the overall median score of the teachers' classroom management was significantly lower than the median score range. Based on the overall score, the teachers were divided into three groups: interventionist, interactive and non-interventionist professors, of whom 119 (82.1 percent) were interactive professors and 26 others (17.9 percent) were interventionist. Comparing the attitudes of interactive and interventionist teachers towards E-learning, we found interventionist teachers to have a slightly higher mean score of satisfaction with using E-learning and multimedia education than interactive teachers, although these differences were not significant at 0.05 level of significance. Examining the relationship between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management status, we observed no significant relationship in any of the areas and in general, after controlling for the effect of gender variables and teachers' job status, these relationships were not significant. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that the score of feeling satisfied with E-learning and multimedia training in the group of interventionist teachers is higher than that among interactive teachers. This difference can be due to the use of more educational methods by interventionist teachers compared to their interactive counterparts. Considering the lower score of the human resources management dimension in the present study and the importance of this dimension in the management of learners, it seems that the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences should spend more time initiating interaction and enhancing knowledge of students. Also, measures should be taken to expand the interactive management style by the faculty members. It is recommended to use the desired model and strengthen the e-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid scattered management. Practical Implications of Research According to the results of the present study, the Department of Education can plan to improve the education by planning to teach classroom management methods in virtual education programs to professors and emphasizing proper interaction with students in virtual education. Ethical ConsiderationsIn this study, we kept the participant information confidential and all participants were familiar with the objectives of the study. The protocol of the present study has been approved by the ethics committee of Abadan School of Medical Sciences with the code IR.ABADANUMS.REC.1399.019. Conflict of Interest The authors hereby declare that this work is the result of an independent study and has no conflict of interest with other organizations and individuals. Aknowledgment Researchers would like to express their gratitude to the participants in this study who shared their experiences. The present article is extracted from a research approved by the Research Council of Abadan University of Medical Sciences with the code 98U-578.

By giving a new definition of Aristotle’s φυσις and Ψυχη Heidegger criticizes science and scientism. Through these interpretations and criticisms, we can infer his opinions about consciousness. Heidegger translates φυσις as “Being itself” and maintains that it is expressed by μορφη that demonstrate a change in the spectrum. The μορφη, indeed, is the consciousness, which is also referred to as lived experience by Heidegger. It has different layers namely behavioral-perceptional, social, and pre-personal layers. He argues that by objectifying experiences, science eliminates the non-objective aspect of lived experience. It is not possible for science to study lived experience. Therefore, a science of the consciousness about the nature of consciousness is not attainable; because, consciousness is no longer consciousness when it becomes the subject of scientific examination. Heidegger rents different terms to interpret consciousness such as μορφη, truth, λόγος, and categories. He argues that consciousness in all these terms includes a duality that its relationship with an external affair is preserved. It appears that consciousness, φυσις and Being are intertwined in Heidegger’s viewpoint. He emphasizes that consciousness is man or Dassin’s connection with the external world and whatever inferred from this connection, including science, is of second order.

Background and Objective: The healthy people’s fecal flora in the community represents a large potential reservoir. Therefore, the current study aimed to detect antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence factors in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from healthy volunteers’ feces. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and fifty stool specimens were collected from sales rep healthy individuals referring to the Northwest Tehran Health Centers to get a health card. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted according to the routine instructions. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the genetic factors responsible for producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs: SHV, TEM, and CTX-M) blaKPC and other virulence genes. Results: Among fecal samples analyzed, 60 (17.1%) K. pneumoniae were isolated. The results demonstrated that the highest resistance rate was related to piperacillin-tazobactam (n=25, 41.6%), followed by and meropenem (n=17, 28.8%) and co-trimoxazole (n=11, 18.3%), respectively. Also, all strains were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. The PCR results of the virulence gene showed that 95% (n=57) of isolates were positive for fimH gene, 93.33% (n=56) for BssS gene, 27 (45%) for rmpA gene. The PCR results for antibiotic resistance genes showed that 41.66% (n=25) had blaTEM gene, 38.33% (n=23) blaCTX-M gene, 35% (n=21) blaSHV gene and 3.33% (n=2) isolates had blaKPC gene, and none of these isolates carried magA gene. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance was common among K. pneumoniae isolated from healthy volunteers’ feces who participated in this study. Transmission of resistant bacteria and plasmids through oral-fecal sources threats to the public, which could complicate treatment options for community-acquired infections caused by K. pneumoniae.

Background and Aim: Due to the important role of radiological images for identifying patients with COVID-19, creating a model based on deep learning methods was the main objective of this study. Materials and Methods: 15,153 available chest images of normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia individuals which were in the Kaggle data repository was used as dataset of this research. Data preprocessing including normalizing images, integrating images and labeling into three categories, train, test and validation was performed. By Python language in the fastAI library based on convolution technique (CNN) and four architectures (ResNet, VGG MobileNet, AlexNet), nine models through transitional learning method were trained to recognize patients from healthy persons. Finally, the performance of these models was evaluated with indicators such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and F-Measure. Results: Of the nine generated models, the ResNet101 model has the highest ability to distinguish COVID-19 cases from other cases with 95.29% sensitivity. Other applied models showed more than 96% accuracy in correctly diagnosis of various cases in test phase. Finally, the ResNet101 model was able to demonstrate 98.4% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and infected cases. Conclusion: The obtained accuracy showed the accurate performance of developed model in detecting COVID-19 cases. Therefore, by implementing an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of cases. an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of infected cases.

In the present study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and HDPE/Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) nanocomposites with different contents were fabricated using the melt mixing method. The morphology, properties, and mechanical and thermal performance of composites and nanocomposites containing boron nitride were investigated. Also, the neutron shielding performance of the designed composites was investigated using the thermal column of the Tehran Research Reactor and foil activation method. The results were compared with those of using pure HDPE. HDPE/BNNSs nanocomposites have shown higher modulus and tensile strength, higher thermal stability, and better neutron shielding performance than HDPE/hBN. The results showed that by reaching hBN content to 0.5 wt. %, the neutron shielding of the composite was improved by 25% compared with the pure HDPE. However, there is a 43% increase in neutron absorption by nanocomposites compared with HDPE. The result of this work is expected to cause a natural synergy between applied nanocomposite and neutron shields and lead to the commercial production of Leigh-weight, inexpensive, and effective neutron-shield nanocomposites.

Objectives: The purpose of the research was conducted to design a model for producing open educational resources (OER) for the virtual education system of University of Tehran.Methodology: The research method of this study was a survey. A researcher-made a 20 item questionnaire extracted from earlier studies with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.753 was used. The statistical population of the study includes 81 professors and experts in e-learning at the University of Tehran. After completing the questionnaire, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Amos software.Results: The components of the proposed production model of educational resources based on rank importance include learning models, modification; Change and merge, validity, resource quality, being free, licenses, integrated archives, and access and rewrite. The template was validated by mean test, Kaiser Meyer Olkin test (KMO), and Bartlett's Test at 95% confidence level, and the correlation of each part of the template was confirmed by the Chi square test. The components of the model are independent of other components: the reason loads of each reason with chi-square indices of the degree of freedom equal to 1.786, the goodness of fit index equal to 0.917, root mean square index of estimation error equal to 0.069, and A comparative fit equal to 0.901 shows the relationship between the factors and the model. It can be concluded that the proposed model is approved as a suitable model for an open educational resource.

The purpose of this research is to design and develop an integrated open portal for searching and retrieving information of institutional repositories of universities, and higher education and research institutes in Iran. This paper discusses the collection and aggregative infrastructures, conceptual model, and architectural design and components that a practical institutional repository search portal should have. Iranian Institutional Repositories Integrated Search (IRIS) Portal architecture and services are designed as the first such example in the country. A functional development of this portal will be provided as a local system after implementation. In the process of designing and developing IRIS based on some background knowledge expanded after reviewing and collecting information of scientific texts and their methodologies, needs and feasibility assessment of existing infrastructure at the national level, analyzing similar international systems, the initial product implementation plan called “Design and Development of Iranian Institutional Repositories Integrated Search (IRIS) Portal” were targeted along with all the details of the subsystems and related workflows. In the system development process of this research, in five stages Scrum agile framework was used as an iterative and incremental methodology to control IRIS software project management. For designing and developing of this system, we reviewed similar models used in other countries. The general architecture of this system is based on the data provider and service provider model using the OAI standard. In the architecture of this system, three major parts of data mining system, data processing management system and entities linking, and finally the provision system were considered. In the design of IRIS system, features such as ease of use (user friendliness), customizable and extensible web user interface (especially with common languages), high visibility by search engine and indexing tools, permanent access to resources, support for search logic and a unique identifier for each document were considered. What is very important in the development of this system is the need to publish data freely and under open and permanent source licenses. Otherwise, one cannot expect the development of a suitable system that can mine, collect and aggregate data in an integrated manner. After implementing the system, it was found that the data entered in the data providers in this model, mainly had structural problems, and eventually the IRIS service may encounter some defects. It seems that by preparing policies by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT), it is possible to ensure the regular updating and loading of data in organizational repositories and finally the IRIS system.

Freedom of expression includes the freedom to express, access and dissemination of information, whereas copyright, by protecting the original works of authorship, restricts use, access and dissemination of the protected works. When an expression is protected by copyright, freedom of expression or press can be restricted. Some are of the opinion that these two rights are, in fact, not in conflict with each other but rather derived from the same social values seeking to protect each right. Common goals such as flow of cultural ideas or promoting creativity in the society causes interaction and synergy between the two. Idea-expression dichotomy by determining the scope of the copyright and distinguishing what belongs to the public domain, which is not a protected, will ensure a constructive interaction between the two and protects the public interest and dose not restrict freedom of expression. This article will discuss how to strike a balance between the public interest in freedom of expression and the private interests of the copyright owners without undermining the other. Idea-expression dichotomy as a counterbalance between these two rights is the cornerstone of this article.

Background and purpose: Stroke is the most common and the most deadly neurological disease that is accompanied with many complications. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of hs-CRP and ABCD2 criteria in predicting the future incidence of acute cerebrovascular events during follow-up in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Materials and methods: This cohort study was performed in TIA patients during the first 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Blood samples were taken and demographic information was obtained, then hs-CRP was measured in all patients. History of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ABCD2 scores were also recorded. Results: The patients (n= 135) included 69 (51.11%) male and 66 (48.88%) female cases. Eight subjects had a stroke within three months. There was no significant relationship between hs-CRP level and stroke incidence (P= 0.303), but ABCD2 cut-off scores of >1.5 had the most sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (81.9) that could significantly predict the occurrence of stroke (P= 0.011). Systolic blood pressure (OR=1.04) and ABCD2 score (OR=2.43) could predict the occurrence of stroke (P

Background and purpose: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in immunocompromised patients, those who need regular blood transfusion, and renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this investigation was to study the epidemiology of cytomegalovirus in hemodialysis patients in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 180 hemodialysis patients attending two referral centers in Sari, 2017-2018. To include the patients we considered sociodemographic characteristics, blood transfusion history and period, and duration and frequency/week of hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected from all patients and after centrifuge, serum samples were examined for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis, and descriptive analysis including proportion for qualitative data and median (quartile range 25-75) for quantitative data were used. Results: The participants were 180 patients, including 93 (51.7%) females and 87 (48.3%) males (mean age: 61.5±14.4). All patients (100%) were positive for anti-CMV IgG antibody. There were no significant relationships between antibody titer and sex, age, dialysis period, dialysis duration, dialysis frequency per week, transfusion, transplantation, or HBV and HCV status (P >0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed high frequency of CMV-IgG positive in hemodialysis patients. Due to the possibility of CMV infection progression in immunocompromised patients, especially those who undergo hemodialysis, screening programs should be performed to prevent adverse consequences.

The demand for the use of plant essential oils due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives and flavorings and aromatizers is increasing in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils were successfully prepared alone and in combination. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities, and synergistic properties of prepared microemulsions were investigated. For this reason, various microemulsions with oily phases consisting of pure licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils and their combination were prepared. Microbial and turbidity results showed that reduced particle size of essential oil in the nanoemulsion range can increase their antibacterial and antioxidant properties using microemulsion systems. In addition, the synergistic effects of essential oil on each other were observed where oil phase microemulsions consisting of two components showed higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to the oil phase of one component. Therefore, the work aimed to develop a microemulsion system with two oil phases consisting of licorice, garlic, and fennel.

The present study reveals for the first time the rate of soil erosion using radioisotope method in the Hyrcanian forests, which were harvested three decades ago by strip harvesting. Based on the available records, the selected area in compartment 703 of Chafroud Guilan region was selected. In order to study the soil stability in field operations, a scraper plate was used to take samples in different depths of the reference area, from 2 centimeters depth up to 30 cm (maximum penetration depth of cesium). Then, in the reference, harvested and non-harvested areas, some samples were taken by core sampler. Samples were prepared according to IAEA guidelines and then, the quantity of their radiocesium was counted in the laboratory of Atomic Energy Organization. Finally, the mean 137Cs zones of the selected samples were 5894.1 Bq/m2. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired objectives of the study, three models named as MBI, MBII, and Proportional Conversion were used to reveal the erosion rate in which it was discovered that the non-harvested natural strips had some rates of 0.2, 0.7 and 0.6 t-ha-1-y-1, while in the harvested strips the rates were increased up to 8.87, 5.80 and 4.77 t-ha-1-y-1, respectively. Accordingly, it resulted in an average soil loss of 1.2 mm in the harvested strips and 0.9 mm in the natural parts per year and after 29 years of harvesting. Consequently, they can be considered as efficient methods in studying the forest hydrology and they also showed the protective role of forests in reducing the soil erosion.

Background and purpose: Stroke is the most common neurological disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) as a prognostic factor and ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Materials and methods: This cohort study was performed in patients over 18 years of age with symptoms of ischemic and hemorrhagic CVA attending the emergency department in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital during the first 6 hours of the onset of symptoms. CRP levels and prognosis of serum CRP levels were determined in diagnosing the severity of ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in CVA patients. The severity of CVA was determined based on MRS and NIHSS scales. Patients' follow-up was considered 6 months later. Results: There were no significant differences between gender and age in study groups (P> 0.05). The median scores for MRS and NIHSS were significantly higher in hemorrhagic patients than ischemic patients. Analysis of CRP level in univariate regression model showed that CRP level is a bad prognosis for stroke (β = 0.149, P= 0.027). Mean age, gender distribution, type of stroke, symptoms, and underlying diseases were not significantly different between the group with and without stroke (P> 0.05). There were significant differences in CRP level and recurrence of stroke after 6 months between the groups studied (P= 0.009). Conclusion: Monitoring of CRP levels can be effective in early diagnosis and control of recurrent stroke.

Background: Public health is one of the essential mental and psychological needs of human beings. The main purpose of this study was to present a model of participation in sports activities with the general health level and the moderating role of awareness based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study and survey in terms of data collection method. The study population consisted of 120000 participants in group and individual sports activities of Isfahan Municipality, Iran. A total of 384 samples (247 women and 137 men with an age average of 42 ± 14.1 and 46 ± 10.66 years old, respectively) were selected by stratified random sampling. In order to collect data, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Planned Behavior of Karimi et al. were used for data analysis. The data obtained were analyzed using correlation coefficient, regression, and structural equations in SPSS software version 22 and AMOS software. Findings: The results showed that there was a significantly positive relationship between willingness to do work and planned behavior of participation in sports activities, planned behavior of participation in sports activities, and general health (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it can be acknowledged that by informing people about the beneficial effects of sports, we can plan to stabilize their participatory behavior in sports activities in order to promote and maintain public health.

Introduction: Clinical trials are a common type of medical research that has grown in number over the past decade. Intervention studies or trials are the most authoritative type of epidemiological studies and provide the strongest evidence of causation and effect relationships between phenomena. Despite the usefulness of many of these studies, potential bias can distort the results of the study. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a summary of the types of clinical trials studies, design and possible biases.

Abstract Due to the crucial role of technology in competitiveness and economic growth, the technological capability assessment has been paid attention to by countries in recent years. Applying technology to gain competitive advantage, knowledge, and recognizing the firm's technological capability is one of the most important key factors in success. Introduction Technological needs assessment is a tool to assess the capabilities required to implement technological priorities. The technology-oriented hospitality industry is one of the important and strategic industries in the world. Materials and methods This study aimed to prioritize technological capability assessment indicators to assess technological capabilities and develop a strategy for the Parsian Chain Hotels. The current research identifies and prioritizes appropriate technological capability assessment indicators according to the hospitality industry due to the importance of assessing technological capabilities and strategy formulation and their relation. Discussion and results The results of this prioritization helped to develop future policies for this hotel. In this regard, according to the literature review, 32 indicators have been identified. According to the mentioned 32 indicators and validity confirmation by experts, 80 questionnaires have been collected after designing the questionnaire. Conclusions After the confidence of questionnaire reliability by Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis has been done, and 31 indicators in the shape of 8 factors have been classified and prioritized.