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Background: Recently, considerable attention has been paid to medical errors in health care system. Taking into account that nurses spend more time with patients in comparison with other staff, they are more prone to human errors. The present research conducted to investigate nurseschr('39') errors in delivery emergency ward in a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: In the present coss-sectional study,at first, task analysis was conducted to nursing proffession using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) technique by FGD. In next step, the Human Error Probability (HEP) was determined utilizing SPAR-H method and dependences of performance-shaping factors (PSFs) and action and diagnosis activities were identified. Finally, after determinig dependency level, the final diagnosis HEP was calculated and risk assessment level was carried out using the riskschr('39') probability and intensity tables. Results: According to the results, four groups of studied tasks, the lowest errors were belonged to "working with serum pumping machinechr('39')chr('39') subtask with the error level of 0.055 and the highest error probability related to chr('39')chr('39') transfusion of blood productschr('39')chr('39') subtask with the error rate of 0.78. Moreover, special responsibilities of the wards had the highest level of undesirable risks. Conclusion: In the present study, the analysis of identified errors reveals due to high work demand, insufficient time and the need for accurate administrative monitoring and providing required arrangements, the main causes of errors can be attributed to high level of stress and complexity in the tasks of delivery emergency ward.

Introduction & Aims: volatiles compounds are major causes of air pollution that exposure to these compounds can cause a lot of health effects on people. Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene and Xylene (BTEX) are volatiles components of Gasoline that occupational exposures with them cause irreversible effect on the health of people. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk arising from occupational exposure of BTEX on workers in Gasoline refueling stations of Mashhad in order to provide guidelines to control them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 refueling station in the Mashhad city in 2012. In order to assess the health risk of chemical uses the proposed method by National Institute of Safety and Health in Singapore. Firstly job tasks and work process was determined and risk ranking was calculated in each job task by aid of hazard and exposure rate for any of chemicals. Finally were obtained the risk level for each of the material by Placement of these two parameters in the final equation.Results: The result showed that maximum health risk is primarily related to the pumper and in exposing to benzene (risk=4.5) and in next stage is in unloading Operators with Ethyl benzene.Conclusion: Results showed that workers in Gasoline refueling stations exposed to high levels of vapors BTEX compounds. Using of ways control includes installation of vapors recovery system, proper maintenance of equipments gasoline refueling and design of chamber for pumper significantly can be reduces the risk of exposure to these compounds.*Corresponding Author: Jahangiri Mohammad, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.