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Background and Objective: Considering the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the increased incidence of malignancy of this gland, the present study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and pathology results following surgery in patients with nodular goiter and referred to the endocrinology clinic in Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as case series from 2011 to 2021. All patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy according to the indication and whose pathology was benign or malignant were included in the study. The patients' information was collected by reviewing the files, which included demographic, clinical, and pathology results. The data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 26), and the significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Among the 507 patients studied, 88.2% were female, and 11.8% were male. The mean age of the patients was 41.93 years. Pathology result was malignant in 57% of cases and benign in 43% of subjects. Most patients with malignant pathology were under 35 years of age, and those with benign pathology were older (P

Background and Objective: Thyroid nodules are among the most common clinical problems and the application of an inexpensive and accurate diagnostic method prevents performing inessential surgeries. In this regard, the aim of this study was to compare the cytologic report of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules with the results of thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the patients who had referred to the clinic of Beheshti Hospital of Hamedan, Iran, due to thyroid nodule in 2017 underwent FNA. The samples were then sent to the pathology laboratory, and the cytology results were recorded in a checklist. Based on the cytology results, a portion of these cases was referred to undergo surgery. Following that, the sensitivity and specificity of cytology results of thyroid nodules were calculated in comparison to pathology results of the surgery sample. Results: Out of 115 studied patients, 18 (15.65%) and 97 (84.35%) subjects were male and female, respectively. The mean age of the subjects was 40.14±12.34 years. Most cases were in the form of the right-side unilateral nodule (46.1%). The number of benign and malignant cases diagnosed by the pathologist was 73 (63.48%) and 42 (36.52%), respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, as well as positive and negative predictive values obtained from the FNA of thyroid nodules by the pathologist, were reported as 82.98%, 95.56%, 89.04, and 92.68%, respectively. It is necessary to mention that the diagnostics accuracy of the pathologist associated with the results of surgery pathology was 90.43%. Conclusion: Performing FNA enjoys a relatively high specificity and sensitivity as an inexpensive, low-risk, and simple method in the differentiation of benign and malignant cases if it is performed precisely from the site of the nodule with adequate biopsy and properly examined pathologically.

Background and purpose: Thyroid nodules are quite common witch are found in clinical or ultrasound examinations. They are detected in 4-8% of clinical examinations and 7-15% are malignant. TSH is one of the growth factors for nodule growth. Controversial reports are published on the effect of TSH on thyroid nodule malignancy. This study aimed at investigating the effect of TSH in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional research, 500 patients were studied. Serum TSH level was measured prior to fine needle aspiration (FNA). Data analysis was done applying inferential statistics. Results: The patients were 457 (91.4%) females and 43 (8.6%) males and the mean age was 43.43±13.9 years. Among the patients 240 had single nodule and 260 had multiple thyroid nodules (P=0.08). The mean size of nodules in benign and malignant nodules were 26.1±12.2 and 27.3±9.8 mm, respectively (P=0.6). Malignant and benign nodules were observed in 31 (6.2%) and 469 (93.8%) patients. Mean TSH level was 3.3±6.9 and 2.4±2 in patients with benign and malignant nodules, respectively (P= 0.47). To investigate the association between TSH and FNA cytology, TSH levels were divided into

Background & aim: One of the most common clinical problems among individuals is thyroid nodule diseases which are characterized by one or more nodules in the thyroid and are usually benign. It can be said that thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer worldwide. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for cancer in patients with thyroid nodule in Mazandaran province,Iran, using parametric survival analysis. Methods: In the present historical cohort study, 26,730 patients with thyroid nodules who were referred to health care centers from July 2002 to March 2008 were identified. Parametric log-normal and log-logistic models were compared with and without taking frailty into account. The criterion for comparing models was Akaike's criterion. All calculations were performed with the SPSS software and the significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The mean time of the conversion of thyroid nodules to cancer in patients was found to be 29.32 months. Using Kaplan-Meier method, survival rates of one year, five years and ten years of nodule conversion to cancer was calculated 94.6, 88.6 and respectively. According to the log rank test age (p=0.03), hypothyroidism (p=0.01), bilateral nodules (p

Background: Determination whether spectral Doppler ultrasound parameters, including resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), or vascular pattern can be used to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Methods: This study was done in 2009-2010. 120 patients with thyroid nodules were selected from our patients attending Al-zahra hospital, in Isfahan. We prospectively examined 120 thyroid nodules in patients undergoing surgery. The flow pattern seen via power Doppler examination was ranked for each nodule on a scale of 0 to 4 as follows: absent, perinodular alone, mixed with perinodularprominency, mixed with intranodularprominency, and exclusively intranodular, respectively. For each nodule, the RI and PI values were recorded as the average of the recordings obtained. Pathological examination were used as a proof of final diagnosis to categorize all nodules as benign or malignant. The data collected in check list then the data analyzed by chi-square with SPSS software. Finding: The mean age in patients was 45.44 ± 14.3 years. The malignant nodules had a mean RI of 61 ± 0.05 percent. These values were significantly higher than those associated with benign nodules (P = 0.000). Shifting to intranodular vascularization had a significant correlation with malignancy (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Spectral parameter and vascular pattern are useful to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid nodules, especially for those with suspicious or undetermined fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Background and purpose: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine. The factors involved in differentiation of thyroid nodules are highly important. This study was done to determine the relationship between serum TSH and cytology finding of thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 275 patients enrolled. Complete physical examination was done and the serum TSH was measured by IRMA method. The serum T4 and T3 were also measured if the TSH was outside the normal range. In all patients thyroid ultrasound was performed. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) biopsy was done on all thyroid nodules and cytology results were interpreted by a pathologist. Data was then analyzed applying Stata software. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.5±12.5 years and there were 85.8% female. The mean of BMI was 23.7±2.2 kg/m². Calcification was found in 36% of thyroid nodules and microcalcification was observed in 92%. The mean TSH level in patients with malignancy was higher than that of those with benign thyroid nodules. Each unit increase in levels of TSH increased the risk of thyroid malignancy by 23% (OR=1.23; CI: 1.01-1.5). This risk has also increased by 38% with each unit increase in BMI (OR= 1.38; CI: 1.15-1.66). Conclusion: This study suggests that serum TSH level could be used as a predictor of the probability of malignancy in thyroid nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The prevalence of malignancy in thyroid nodules have been reported 1-10%. Epidemiological studies suggest that thyroid cancer incidence is rising over the last 20 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules in patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in recent decades (2003-2011) in Sari. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional, retrospective study. The results of cytology were recorded and compared with pathology results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of fine needle aspiration for prediction of malignancy were assessed. Results: The study population included 2002 patients with thyroid nodules, 210 cases were male (10.5%) and 1792 women (89.5%). Cytology results in 1598 cases (79.8%) were benign, 205(10.2 %) unsatisfactory, 53(2.6 %) suspicious and 146 (7.3 %) malignant. 217 reports of pathology results of patients with thyroidectomy were available, 153(70.5%) specimens were benign and 64 (29.5%) malignant. The sensitivity of fine needle biopsy was 81.2% and specificity, 75.1%. positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) were 63.4% and 93.5 percent respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, thyroid fine needle aspiration is still a good way to predict thyroid malignancy and the incidence of thyroid malignancy in our patients has not increased in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Determination whether spectral Doppler ultrasound parameters, including resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), or vascular pattern can be used to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Methods: This study was done in 1388. 120 patients with thyroid nodules were selected from our patients attending Al-zahra hospital, in Isfahan. We prospectively examined 120 thyroid nodules in patients undergoing surgery. The flow pattern seen via power Doppler examination was ranked for each nodule on a scale of 0 to 4 as follows: absent, perinodular alone, mixed with perinodularprominency, mixed with intranodularprominency, and exclusively intranodular, respectively. For each nodule, the RI and PI values were recorded as the average of the recordings obtained. Pathological examination were used as a proof of final diagnosis to categorize all nodules as benign or malignant. The data collected in check list then the data analyzed by Chi-square with SPSS15. Finding: The mean age in patients was 45.44 ± 14.3 years. The malignant nodules had a mean RI of 61% +/- 0.05. These values were significantly higher than those associated with benign nodules (P = .000). Shifting to intranodular vascularization had a significant correlation with malignancy (P = .001). Conclusion: Spectral parameter and vascular pattern are useful to distinguish malignant from benign thyroid nodules, especially for those with suspicious or undetermined fine-needle aspiration biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]