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The use of resistant cultivars is one of the safest and most profitable methods of controlling post including alfalfa weevil. After farm and greenhouse evaluating, Tafresh 42 genotype for molecular studies selected and evaluated to examine the pattern of protein expression in stress and non-stress conditions to alfalfa weevil. The Changes in protein expression were investigated using two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. Clustering analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were used in statistic studies. The results showed that 11 protein spots had expression changes among 218 protein spots. The most expression pattern of proteins with a similar increase in Tafresh 42, was related to a specific group of proteins which had 45.46% variations in the expression response to the stress. From the point of protein expression, cluster analysis caused a dividing of proteins into three main clusters indicating the presence of proteins with a similar performance in each cluster. Therefore, the presence of these proteins in a common biologic pathway is confirmed. The analysis of discriminant function confirmed 100% the results from clustering that indicated protein conformity with the conditions of the experiment. It is concluded that by using statistical analysis and software, it is possible to evaluate significant expression changes induced damage alfalfa weevil in proteome level and determine the index changes, and after that genetic engineering is utilized for enhancing the level of resistance in the plant under studying.

Salinity is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid areas that causes serious decrement in agricultural productions. Rapeseed is a superior oilseed due to the high quality of oil, large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oil yield. To deal with abiotic stress conditions, plants synthesize some essential metabolites, special structural proteins or metabolic enzymes pathways to overcome the stress. To identify the molecular mechanisms of salt responsiveness in rapeseed, proteome changes of Option500 a salt-sensitive genotype under salt stress was studied. An increase in proline and the Na+ of leaf and a reduction in shoot dry weight, plant height, K+ and K+/Na+ were observed under salt stress (0, 150, 300 mM). Over 110 protein spots were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. 44 spots showed significant expression changes based on induction factor, which 7 spots were recognized significantly at 5% probability level. 1 and 6 spots were up and down-regulated, respectively. By using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis proteins that involved in energy production and photosynthesis were identified. Role of these proteins to salt stress response will be discussed.