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Purpose: Factors such as improving living conditions, increasing life expectancy and lifespan in the elderly have led to an increase in the elderly in various societies, including Iran and old age has more leisure than youth due to age conditions and reduced work activity ratio, Therefore, the aim of this study was to foresight the leisure time of the elderly based on the physical activity approach. Method: Using the model of causal layered analysis, in four levels of litany analysis, social causes, discourse and worldview and myth, this research investigates the approach of the layered causal method to the problem. Therefore, by studying the sources in the research literature, interviewing sports and futures research experts and using causal layered analysis, describes the problem at four levels. Findings: Causal layered analysis of the elderly's leisure was defined by the physical activity and exercise approach with 27 indicators and showed that the existence of problems at the four levels is necessary in order to take a more comprehensive look at the nature of problems and issues and to create intellectual order in a structured confrontation with problems. Conclusion: The results showed that in order to plan and accurate policies to meet the needs of the elderly especially in the field of sports and physical activities in the form of leisure, attention to the layer of discourse and myths and metaphors causes the set of constructive actions in these layers to solve some issues at higher levels leading to a bedrock for active Elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Physical activity is a very important factor in improving women›s health. The significant decline in physical activity, which is a gift of modernity in rural society, threatens the health of this group of women. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of social empowerment on individual, social and environmental factors on the activities performed in rural women. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental before-after study without a control group. 60 women of Kermajan village were randomly selected and examined. Individual factors based on physical activity awareness questionnaires, physical activity performance (IPAQ), physical activity self-efficacy (ESES), perceived barriers and benefits of physical activity (Sechrist) and social environment with social support questionnaire and physical environment with environmental factors questionnaire in It was measured twice before and after the intervention. Data analysis was done through Will Coxon statistical tests using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The average age of the studied women was (30.45 ± 7.31) years. The average awareness of women about physical activity from (3.72 ± 2.68) to (8.68 ± 1.64), the average self-efficacy from (25.52 ± 6.58) to (63.75 ± 6.73) and the average score of environmental barriers from (9.88 ± 2.65) to (18.87 ± 1.84); The average social support from (2.54 ± 8.33) (to (12.75 ± 4.09), the average amount of physical activity from (186.08 ± 93.08) (to (126.08 ± 104.84)) found significant changes (p<0.001). The average understanding of barriers and benefits changed from (143.60 ± 11.79) to (144.82 ± 9.38), which was not significant (p<0.113). Conclusion: Empowering the rural community can lead to increasing awareness and self-efficacy and the level of physical activity of women and increasing social support for rural women and environmental changes needed in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The sedentary and mechanical lifestyle and on the other hand, many problems that have arisen during the covid-19 pandemic have affected the indicators of the quality of life and isolation and social support of the elderly. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the quality of life, support and social isolation of active and inactive elderly people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The descriptive research method was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the research is the elderly over 60 years old in Lahijan city in 1401, where 213 people were selected by referring to parks, swimming pools, clubs and nursing homes. The data collection tools included the demographic profile form and quality of life questionnaires of Lipad (1998), social support by Zammit et al. (1988) and social isolation by Madrasi et al. (2016). Data were analyzed using Kolmogov Smirnov, Levin, variance and covariance tests with SPSS software version 25. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference (0.001) between the quality of life, isolation and social support of active and inactive elderly with emphasis on the period of covid-19 (P≤0.001). Conclusion: It seems that physical activity and participation in sports activities, due to being in public places, is an important variable in reducing social isolation and increasing social support, and taking into account that it can improve the quality of life of the elderly from a physical point of view. And raise the mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to developing the model of psychological well-being in elderly based on life expectancy through mediation of death anxiety. Materials and Methods: The research method is correlational and structural modeling equation. The statistical population of this study included all the elderly hospitalized in the sanatorium and the elderly at home in Tehran in 2019. The sample included 400 elderly people selected by cluster sampling. In this way, among the elderly care centers and neighborhood house, 10 centers were selected randomly from districts 2, 3 and 5 in Tehran and then 40 elderly people were randomly selected from each center 400 elderly in total and the questionnaires were completed by them and in the presence of the researcher. Research instruments included Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989), Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970) and Snyder Hope Scale (1991). The research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and Sobel intermediate test. Results: The results of the conceptual model test indicated that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition (GFI=0.98). Hope had a direct effect on psychological well-being (p<0.05, β=0.47). The hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of hope on the psychological well-being of the elderly through death anxiety was also confirmed (p<0.05, β=0.13). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that the conceptual model of the research was appropriate. Therefore, in elderly care centers, it is necessary to pay attention to the antecedents of hope and death anxiety in order to increase the level of psychological well-being and Improving the health of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: The experience of approaching death is one of the undeniable facts of aging that can cause fear and anxiety in the elderly. Given that spirituality as a solid base can be a powerful factor in controlling tense situations, this study was conducted to examine the effect of spiritual group therapy on death anxiety in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 elderly people attending the elderly daily center in Aliabad Katoul (Golestan Province) in 2018. Sampling was done using the convenience method and participants were randomly assigned into either experimental- or control group. The experimental group received spiritual group therapy in 8 sessions within eight weeks. The data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Templer death anxiety scale. Using the SPSS software version 16, data were analyzed through independent t-test, paired t-test and covariance test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The rate of death anxiety before the intervention in the experimental- and control group were 7.36±3.67 and 7.32±1.65 respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.961). After the intervention, the average score of death anxiety for the experimental group was 5.24±3.28 and for the control group was 7.84±1.92 which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended to provide the necessary conditions to the elderly to participate in spiritual activities, which can be effective in improving the psychological state of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to population aging phenomenon all around the world, taking care of the older population is an important mission of the community health system to maintain their quality of life. Thus, it seems important that the experience of a long life is accompanied by desirable quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a quality of life model based on activity of daily living and social capital with the mediating role of self-care in the elderly. The population of the study included all the elderly aged over 60 living in Tehran in 2020, among whom 243 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Short-Form Quality of Life (World Health Organization), Self-Care (Soderhamn), Social capital (Onyx and Bullen) and Activity of daily living (Mahoney and Barthel) questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model in AMOS-24. The results demonstrated that activity of daily living (β=0.547, p>0.01), social capital (β=0.178, p>0.01) and selfe-care (β=0.420, p>0.01) can predict quality of life in the elderly. Moreover, the mediating role of self-care in the relationship between activity of daily living and social capital with quality of life in the elderly was confirmed. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the promotion of self-care through the health-related training programmes, appears to be an effective step in order to improve the quality of life in the elderly.ReferencesAhmadi, F., Salar, A., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2004). Quality of life in Zahedan elderly population. Hayat, 10 (3), 61-67. [Persian]Alimohamad, F., Setode Asl, N., & Karami, A. (2020). Developing a quality of life model based on metacognitive beliefs mediated with perceived stress in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(4), 341-355. [Persian] Alimohammadi, F., Setodeh-asl, N., & Karami, A. (2019). 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