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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and GnRH agonist on the levels of apelin and insulin resistance index in girls with central precocious puberty. Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty-five girls (7.44±0.34 years) with precocious puberty were included. They were randomly divided into three groups (drug, n=10, exercise+drug, n=8, and exercise, n=7) and one control group (healthy, n=10). In the experimental group, aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, 3 days/week was done, duration intensity of exercise gradually increased 5 minutes and 5% respectively every 2 week. Also, the GnRH agonists were used as medicine. BMI, the apelin and insulin resistance index were assessed before and after exercise. Results: Insulin resistance index and apelin serum levels in experimental group (exercise and exercise+ drug) were significantly decreased(p=0.05), while these factors were unchanged in control group (p=0.05). Additionally, BMI in exercie groups was significantly decreased (p=0.000), while it was increased in experimental group (drug group) (p=0.06). Conclusion: Considering to current data, it could demonstrate that aerobic training and GNRH agonists at the same time can lead to a decrease in BMI and apelin and an improvement in insulin resistance index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apelin is an adipokine which may contribute to the link between obesity and metabolic diseases. Regular exercise training has been proposed as a strategy for reducing the risk of these diseases by positive adaptations in adipokines, but there is limited research directly comparing different types of training. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of nonlinear resistance training (NRT) and aerobic interval training (AIT) on serum levels of apelin-13 and insulin resistance in middle-aged obese men. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from October to February 2012 in Ilam City, Iran. Eligible subjects (33 obese men) between aged 34-46 years participated in this study and were allocated to the following groups: NRT (n= 12), AIT (n= 10), and control (n= 11). The inclusion criteria were sedentary (less than 60 minutes physical activity per week), nonsmokers, no regular exercise for at least the past 6 months, no regular consumption of medication, no special diet, percentage body fat > 23% and no history of medical conditions that would prevent them from participating in the exercise intervention. Only the subjects who performed more than 90% of the training sessions were included in this study. The experimental groups performed 3 weekly sessions for 12 weeks, whereas the control group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. NRT consisted of 40-65 minutes of weight training at different intensities and with a flexible period. AIT consisted of running on a treadmill (4×4 min at 80-90% maximal heart rate, 3 min recovery intervals). Results: Analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences betwee n the groups for apelin-13 and insulin resistance at baseline (P> 0.05). Compared to control group, two exercise programs were equally effective at reducing insulin resistance, but apelin-13 levels increased significantly only with the AIT (P= 0.04). After the training, maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly in AIT and NRT compared with control group (both P= 0.001) and in AIT more than NRT (P= 0.001). Conclusion: The practical applications indicate that obese men can use both AIT and NRT exercise programs to reduce insulin resistance. However, the AIT may have better beneficial effects (as indicated by apelin-13) compared to NRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. However, the effect of exercise training on apelin level in diabetic status is not khown, yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this randomized experimental study, twenty diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into training and control group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Four weeks after the development of diabetes, the training group ran 6-week on treadmill. After the training, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: There was a statisticaly significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMAIR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMAIR after 6 weeks aerobic training was found. Conclusion: It seems that 6-week aerobic training by changes in plasma concentration of apelin, glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR can be effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]