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Background and Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period for the offspring’s metabolic development. Nutrition during pregnancy due to its role in the development of mental and physical abilities in infants is important .The current study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and its outcomes in infants in Urmia city. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 410 pregnant women referred to health centers in Uremia were selected by cluster random sampling. Food information was collected using the validated 147-items Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The demographic information of mothers was collected by interview. Factor analysis was used to identify the major dietary patterns. Results: In this study, three main dietary patterns were identified and named the first, second, and third groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Preterm Birth (PTB) increased with adherence to the first dietary pattern (LBW: OR = 1.15, PTB: OR=1.05), while the risk of Small for Gestational Age (SGA), (OR=0.89), and Large for Gestational Age (LGA), (OR = 0.8) decreased in this pattern. The second dietary pattern was inversely associated with LBW (OR = 0.73) and LGA (OR = 0.83), While it was positively associated with PTB (OR = 1.26) and SGA (OR = 1.04). The third dietary pattern was inversely associated with all the above outcomes and this difference was significant for LGA (OR=0.68). Conclusion: The present study showed a relationship between LBW, SGA, PTB, LGA indices, and maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy. Prospective studies have been suggested to confirm these findings.

Background: Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at risk for low final height or weight. This study aimed to determine the frequency of catch-up growth in SGA infants. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to study the infant’s growth process born in Kashan during 2009-2010. The infants with birth weight or height below 3 percentile were considered as SGA. A comprehensive history from mother’s diseases during pregnancy, birth grade, and parent’s education were provided. The children who achieved their height or weight for length above the 3th percentile (age

Background: Recent studies have suggested that impaired fetal growth are indicators that may be present in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between crown-rump length (CRL) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) measurements in first trimester for low birth weight (LBW).Methods: This prospective cohort study were on 120 pregnant women in first pregnan-cy trimester, in Women's Hospital Mirza Kochak Khan in 2011-2012. Gestational age according to crown-rump length and gestational age according to last menstrual period (LMP), neonatal weight, small for gestational age, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and low birth weight were recorded. Main outcome measures was weight and gestational age at birth. Statistical tests used included descriptive statistics, t-test, χ² and all tests were two-tailed and differences with P

Background: Recent studies have suggested that impaired fetal growth are indicators that may be present in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between crown-rump length (CRL) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) measurements in first trimester for low birth weight (LBW). Methods: This prospective cohort study were on 120 pregnant women in first pregnancy trimester, in Women's Hospital Mirza Kochak Khan in 2011-2012. Gestational age according to crown-rump length and gestational age according to last menstrual period (LMP), neonatal weight, small for gestational age, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and low birth weight were recorded. Main outcome measures was weight and gestational age at birth. Statistical tests used included descriptive statistics, t-test, X2 and all tests were two-tailed and differences with P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Our findings showed that a total of 120 cases were included CRL Z-score and log 10 (MOM PAPP-A) were positively correlated with fetal birth weight. The mean Crown-rump length Z-score was significantly can be reduced in LBW in first trimester pregnancy. (P<0.001) Mean PAPP-A in low birth weight was (0.4±0.11 MOM), but in normal weight infants was (1.04±0.7 MOM). (P=0.011) also mean PAPP-A in pregnant women with SGA infants is significantly less than other pregnant women (0.5±0.2 versus 1.1±0.7) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that crown-rump length and maternal levels of PAPP-A measured during the first trimester are independent factors that influence fetal birth weight. But their predictive powers are not sufficiently good for them to be used alone for low birth weight screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mechanisms by which fetal weight are regulated during pregnancy are poorly understood. The relation between hormones such as leptin and adiponectin and intrautrine growth is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether fetal growth restriction is associated with alterations of leptin and adiponectin concentrations in venous umbilical cord blood and maternal serum. Methods: Maternal serum and venous umbilical cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were determined by ELISA after 36 week of gestational age in 22 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies with AGA fetuses (group A) and in 22 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction but without fetal distress (group B), all with normal body mass index and without history of diabetes, hypertention or maternal cardiac disease. Results: Venous umbilical cord leptin levels were significantly lower in group B compared with group A (8.1±0.8ng/ml versus 39.45±6.8ng/ml; p=0.001). Venous umbilical cord adiponectin levels were also significantly lower in group B compared with group A (28.8±3.5μg/ml versus 43.6±3.7μg/ml; p=0.007). Maternal serum leptin and adiponectin did not differ between SGA and AGA groups.maternal BMI, gestational age and maternal age did not differ between these two groups. Neither leptin nor adiponectin correlated with gender difference. Conclusion: In this study we confirmed that growth restricted fetuses show venous umbilical cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower than those in normal fetuses indicating that these two adipokines have an independent role in growth restriction pathogenesis. Maybe in future we can administer recombinant human leptin and adiponectin to growth restricted fetuses for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]