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Soil salinization and sodification are important factors in soil degradation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which, if not considered, can lead to erosion that threatens soil stability in different regions of watersheds. Effects of organic matter application on some soil physical properties under irrigation with saline waters was investigated. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete randomized design with three replications for a period of one year. Treatments included two levels of irrigation water salinities of 7 and 14 dS/m, two soil textures, namely sandy loam and clay loam, and four sources of organic matters, namely licorice and lemon dregs and chicken and sheep manure. Results showed that organic matter had a significant effect on moisture retention and evaporation from the soil surface (P

Dependence of agriculture on groundwater in the Sarvestan Plain has necessitated the implementation of appropriate policies for sustainable utilization of this resource. An assessment of the quantity and quality of groundwater in the plain, and evaluating the effect of overdraft on them, is of paramount importance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the long-term impact of groundwater overdraft in the Sarvestan Plain on its quantity and quality. Water-level and salinity data collected from 24 observation wells from 1991 to 2016, and from 24 operational wells from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. Results indicated that water-level in the long-term has dropped 47 cm/yr, which is slightly faster than the water-level trend in the last five years (39 cm/yr) indicating a lower rate of water-level drop in the recent years. Forecasting water-level in 2030, based on the last five years' trend, indicated that the drop in water-level will be very high in areas such as Kohenjan, Dehnow and north of the city of Sarvestan, reaching a depth of more than 80 meters. Results also indicated that the salinity has increased by an average rate of 100 microsiemens per centimeter per year. Furthermore, the average water-level and salinity trends in the plain indicated that water salinity has increased with an increase in depth to groundwater; however, this has not been the case everywhere in the plain.

Background: Mesenteric ischemia is a potentially life-threatening disorder; however, there is still no exact diagnosis for it. This study was designed to evaluate pH value and potassium level of DPL for diagnosing mesenteric ischemia in the afflicted rats. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 32 rats were divided in four groups (8 rats in each group). In groups 1 and 2 abdomen was opened and closed without any medical interventions then through a catheter they were injected 200cc of normal saline intraperitoneally. In group 1 after one hour and in group 2 after two hours the liquid was lavaged for determination of potassium and pH values. A blood sample was also prepared for determination of potassium. In groups 3 and 4, after anesthesia, the main branch of the superior mesenteric artery was ligated with a non-absorbable suture and the animals were introduced to the procedures just mentioned. Results: Mesenteric ischemia led to varied peritoneal pH and blood as well as peritoneal lavage potassium between the two groups. Only blood/peritoneal potassium level showed a significant difference after 2 hours of mesenteric artery ligation. Conclusion: Peritoneal pH and blood/peritoneal lavage potassium can be used as an indicator of mesenteric ischemia. Blood/ peritoneal potassium level may also be helpful to predict the duration of mesenteric ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was done in order to determine the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish in Qazvin province during 6 months between winter to spring 2014. For this purpose, 240 dying fish from 12 ornamental fish farms were selected randomly and each sample was examined for ectoparasites in parasitology laboratory overall 11 farms in winter and 12 farms in spring were infected by Ichthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Trichodina. There was a significant difference between the rate of infestation and the breed of fish. Ciclid was the most infested breed and Severum was the least infected. The highest infestation rate belongs to Ichthyophthirius and the lowest infestation rate belongs to Chilodonella (p

In this study, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been applied to model activated sludge wastewater treatment process of Mobin petrochemical company. The correlation coefficients between the input variables and the output variable were calculated to determine the input with the highest influence on the output (the quality of the outlet flow) in order to compare three neuro-fuzzy structures with different number of parameters. The predictions of the neuro-fuzzy models were compared with those of multilayer artificial neural network models with similar structure. The comparison indicated that both methods resulted in flexible, robust and effective models for the activated sludge system. Moreover, the root mean square of the error for neuro-fuzzy and neural network models were 5.14 and 6.59, respectively, which means the former is the superior method.

Power distribution network configuration must be restructured fast after occurring a fault in order to restoring healthy parts. A logical algorithm is needed to do such restoration. In recent years, by developing GIS systems in distribution networks, data entering and structuring in computers has been changed and dissimilar to conventional softwares, computer cannot view the network configuration. In this paper a proper definition of network agents are suggested in matrix format. By such definition fast detection of fault location and deenergized sections located at its downstream parts is done. Also curtailed load is calculated. Finally with digital data available in the GIS databases, optimal restoration strategy is selected and applied based on available routs. The proposed algorithm is applied on a complicated three feeder distribution network to test its effectiveness and speed. Simulations in MATLAB shows that the proposed algorithm is very fast and robust to any complicated network configuration as well as any number and location on sequential faults.

Considering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the wind farms in continuous supply of electric power, hydrostatic power storage facilities are used beside wind farms so that the electric power could be stored and fed in a continuous flow into power systems. Due to the gradual exclusion of conventional generators and 5 percent annual load increments, LOLE index was used in order to calculate the amount of the wind power and the capacity of the necessary power storage facility. To this end, LOLE index was calculated for the first year as the reference index for the estimation of the amount of wind power and the capacity of the storage facility in consequent years. For the upcoming years, calculations have been made to account for the gradual exclusion of conventional generators in proportion to load increments. The proposed method has been implemented and simulated on IEEE-RTS test system.

In this study, cladistic analysis of characteristics morphological dataset using 21 characters for 26 taxa, including 19 taxa of Ebenus, 2 taxa of Taverniera, 2 taxa of Onobrychis and 2 taxa of Hedysarum as ingroups plus Alhagi persarum as an outgroup were chosen in phylogenetic analyses. Maximum parsimony approach as implemented in PAUP* with a heuristic search was employed. Fifty shortest trees with L=17.88 steps and a CI=0.709 and an RI=0.901 were generated. The analysis revealed that Ebenus was monophyletic. None of its multi-specific sections, Ebenidium and Euebenus, were monophyletic. E. cretica and E. stellata were basalmost branches that followed by a clade consisting of the remaining species. Onobrychis and Hedysarum were strongly allied with Ebenus.

In this study surgeon consulted me for 30 patients because of diarrhea after surgical operation. The results are listed below: 2 cases had self limited diarrhea after appendectomy. 3 cases had operations because of peritonitis and diarrhea because of E.coli. one case had diarrhea before and after operation because of the thyroid medulary carcinnoma. 2 patients had got diarrhea after appendectomy because of amebiasis. 2 cases had operations because of inguinal hernia and diarrhea due to Giardiasis. 1 patient had ileocecal valve and right colon restriction with post operative diarrhea. 1 patient had gastrectomy and diarrhea. Eighteen cases had post operative diarrhea due to pseudomemberanous colitis. In this investigation I found that the most cause of the post operative diarrhea in our hospital is pseudo membranous colitis.