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Introduction: Recent developments in the use of mobile technologies have given rise to opportunities for more effective and cost-efficient services for people with chronic diseases. Considering the relatively high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iran and the lack of a native application for the self-management of many complications of this disorder, the present study aims to develop and evaluate a mobile application for PTSD self-management. Method: This developmental-applied study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, interviews and a literature review were carried out to identify users’ requirements and expectations of the application. Then, the application was modeled, designed, developed, and tested based on the requirements. In the second stage, the usability of developed application was evaluated by experts and users. Results: The following services were implemented in the application: psychoeducation, coping skills, breathing exercise, relaxation, positive affect, social support, self-assessment, reminders, useful links, and self-monitoring. According to experts’ evaluation, the application was of acceptable quality (78.25%). The application was relatively acceptable from the users’ point of view (68.67%). In the evaluation process, experts were most satisfied with the functionality of the application (80 %), and users were most satisfied with the application’s ease of use (76%). Conclusion: Using the application can be useful in promoting access to healthcare services for patients with PTSD, and in addition to saving time and costs, it can be effective in the self-management of this disorder.

The word-of-mouth (WOM) and non-conversational advertising are two well-established methods to attract tourists to destinations. Since the tourism product is mostly untestable before it is used, the role of advertisement is fortified. Consequently, the present research explores the impact of conversational and non-conversational advertising on promotion of brand equity in the touristic city of Isfahan. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a sample of 384 potential tourists to Isfahan. Data were analyzed through SEM and CFA by making use of SPSS and LISREL softwares. Results demonstrated that advertisement had no significant bearing on the destinations’ brand image, while at a 99 percent confidence level, WOM and customer experience showed a significant effect. Also, a significant impact was found exerting from conversational and non-conversational advertisement on customer experience. Customer experience itself influences brand equity, and the brand image affects destination brand equity, all at a 99 percent confidence level.

Background & objectives: Students bullying, especially in the adolescence period, is a prevalent problem in the schools, that emotional dysregulation is posed as a one cause of it. Considering this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between emotion regulation and emotion expression styles with bullying behaviors in adolescent students. Methods: The method of this study was correlation. Whole male students of secondary and high schools in Ardabil at 90-91 educational year comprised statistical population of this research. Two hundred thirty students, were selected by multistage cluster sampling method, responded to the questionnaires of bullying/victimization, emotion regulation and emotion expression. Gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. Results: The results showed that victimization by bullying has positive relationship with cognitive reappraisal (r= 0.15, p