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Background and Aim: Due to the presence of ionizing radiation sources in the environment and their potential to enter the food chain, the natural radiation in the rice product of Mahmoud Abadu residents of this area should be evaluated. Materials and Methods: Using standard sampling methods, the number of sampling points and locations (about 10 points) was determined. After recording the geographical location of the sites, 2 kg of soil and 2 kg of rice were removed and 20 samples were coded. 950 g of soil and rice were milled and transferred to standard Marinelli dishes with 50 mesh. The samples were completely sealed and after about one month, they were visualized with ultra-pure germanium detectors (HPGe). Subsequently, specific radionuclide radiosensitivity in soil and rice soil samples, radionuclide transfer factors from soil to rice, annual effective dose and risk of cancer due to rice consumption were measured. Results: Effective total dose of nuclei studied in #value, lifetime cancer risk of U238 from #value to 0.00019, Ra226 from #value to 0.00008, U235 # value, Th232 from #value to 0.00027, K40 From 0.00014 to 0.00082 and finally for zero cesium. Conclusion: There is no harmful effect on the people of the region regarding the radionuclides of rice.

Background and Aim: Due to the presence of ionizing radiation sources in the environment and their potential to enter the food chain, the natural radiation in the rice product of Mahmoud Abad residents of this area should be evaluated. Materials and Methods: Using standard sampling methods, the number of sampling points and locations (about 10 points) was determined. After recording the geographical location of the sites, 2 kg of soil and 2 kg of rice were removed and 20 samples were coded. 950 g of soil and rice were milled and transferred to standard Marinelli dishes with 50 mesh. The samples were completely sealed and after about one month, they were visualized with ultra-pure germanium detectors( HPGe). Subsequently, specific radionuclide radiosensitivity in soil and rice soil samples, radionuclide transfer factors from soil to rice, annual effective dose and risk of cancer due to rice consumption were measured. Results: Effective total dose of nuclei studied in #value, lifetime cancer risk of 238U from #value to 0.00019, 226Ra from #value to 0.00008, 235U #value, 232Th from #value to 0.00027, 40K From 0.00014 to 0.00082 and finally for cesium zero. Conclusion: There is no harmful effect on the people of the region regarding the radionuclides of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On farm development program is a strategy for developing of agricultural parts of Iran rice fields following numerous targets that the most important of them is decreasing of production costs and increasing income of rice field farmers. The goal of this research is the Investigation of the change of production in rice field which to be included On farm development program in Gilan province. The research was conducted in the form of survey study. Necessary data for this research collected squarely by 176 farmers that have the traditional rice fields and 188 farmers of On farm development program in Gilan province were sampled by using stratified random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The reliability of questionnaire was obtained by calculating the cronbach alpha coefficient (0.65) for different sections after conducting a pilot study. Results showed that this program to be able decreased production cost of farmers with have rice filed in design %11 in comparison with farmers with have traditional rice field. This On farm development program could improve incomes of farmers who have rice field in design %10.5 in comparison with farmers who have traditional rice field with development of second crop.