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High efficiency and low required area for the pulsed columns are interesting and useful especially in nuclear industries in spite of exposure and radiation protection requirements. In this research, dispersion coefficient in a typical disc and doughnut pulsed column in a two phase system (water and kerosene) was determined via radiotracer technique. In the radiotracer method, two Geiger-Mueller detectors at the top and bottom of the active section of the pulsed column and 99mTc in the form of NaTcO4 as radiotracer are used. Dispersion is introduced by Pecletdimensionless number which is inversely propotional to the dispersion coefficient. The continuous and dispersed phase flow rate, amplitude and frequency of pulse as the effective parameters on axial mixing and dispersion coefficient magnitude have been studied. Experimental results indicate that by increasing the continuous phase flow rate, the dispersion coefficient decreases. Also, by increasing the dispersion phase flow rate as well as the amplitude and frequency of the pulse, the dispersion coefficient will increase.

The study of human erythropoietin receptor is of great importance in evolution, carcinogenesis as well as endocrine research. In this study the production and quality control of human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported. EPO was successively labeled with [67Ga]-gallium chloride after conjugation with freshly prepared cyclic DTPA-dianhydride (ccDTPA). The best results of the conjugation were obtained by the addition of 0.5 ml of a EPO pharmaceutical solution (in phosphate buffer, pH=8) to a glass tube pre-coated with DTPA-dianhydride (0.01 mg) at 25°C with continuous mild stirring for 30 min followed by HPLC/RTLC control and biological biodistribution in normal rats. Under optimized conditions, radio-thin layer chromatography (RTLC), instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed overall radiochemical purity of higher than 96% (specific activity=300-500 MBq/mg, labeling efficiency 77%). Preliminary in vivo studies in normal rat specimen demonstrated a high liver, lung spleen, kidney as well as long bones uptake of the tracer; the fact which is consistent with the reported EPO receptor sites. This tracer can be used in nuclear medicine and biological studies for evaluation of EPO in vitro and/or in vivo.

One of the most important requirements for industrial pipelines is the leakage detection. In this paper, detection of leak and determination of its amount using radioactive tracer injection method has been simulated by Monte Carlo MCNP code. The detector array included two NaI (Tl) detectors which were located before and after the considered position, measure emitted gamma from radioactive tracer. After calibration of radiation detectors, the amount of leakage can be calculated based on the count difference of detectors. Also, the effect of material and thickness and diameter of pipe, crystal dimension, types of fluid, activity of tracer and its type (24Na, 82Br, 131I, 99mTc, 113mIn) as well as have been investigated on the detectable amount of leakage. According to the results, for example, leakage more than 0.007% in volume of the inlet fluid for iron pipe with outer diameter 4 inch and thickness of 0.5 cm, Petrol as fluid inside pipe, 3 3 inch detector and 24Na with activity of 100 mCi can be detected by this presented method.