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Introduction Oilseeds are rich in fatty acids, hence they are of paramount importance. Fats and oils are recognized as primary sources of energy in human nutrition. Additionally, fat-soluble vitamins, which play a crucial role in maintaining human health, are supplied through the consumption of oilseeds in the body. Therefore, studying and researching oilseeds and their importance in today's nutrition is crucial. Camelina is an oilseed product belonging to the Brassicaceae family, which can adapt well to various environments and produce suitable oil for biological purposes. Due to its appropriate composition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (omega-9), linoleic acid (omega-6), alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3), and low levels of saturated fatty acids, it is considered one of the highest quality edible oils. Materials and Methods This research aimed to investigate the performance and composition of camelina oil under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021 growing season at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. In this study, the examined factors included different irrigation regimes at the flowering stage at four levels defined as the main factor. These levels included optimal irrigation (no stress), mild water deficit stress, moderate water deficit stress, and severe water deficit stress. Irrigation continued until the plant's available moisture in the root zone reached 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent, respectively, and then irrigation continued to the field capacity. The secondary factor included the application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea source as foliar spray at six levels (0% (distilled water spray), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and no foliar spray (control)). Results and Discussion Under optimal irrigation conditions, seed yield and oil content showed the highest values, with the optimal irrigation treatment exhibiting the highest yield. In mild water deficit stress conditions, seed yield decreased by 12.83% compared to the control (optimal irrigation), while foliar application of nitrogen at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% increased seed yield by 18.23%, 27.95%, 16.30%, and 11.74%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of nitrogen foliar spray at a concentration of 3% resulted in a greater increase in grain yield and oil content compared to other concentrations. Oil yield decreased by 4.42% and 21.23% in mild and moderate water deficit stress conditions, respectively, compared to the control (optimal irrigation). Additionally, foliar application of urea at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% increased oil yield by 23.85%, 35.37%, and 23.81%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). Under severe water deficit stress conditions, the treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration led to the highest amount of seed oil, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Regarding the anthocyanin content, under severe water deficit stress conditions, foliar application of nitrogen at a concentration of 1% resulted in a greater increase in anthocyanin content compared to other treatments. Conclusion In optimal irrigation conditions, grain yield and oil content showed the highest values. In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of foliar spraying of urea fertilizer with a concentration of 3% nitrogen led to a greater increase in grain yield and oil content than other concentrations. In severe water deficit stress conditions, urea fertilizer treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration resulted in the highest amount of oil content and chlorophyll a and b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Camelina (Camelina Sativa) has gained an extensive attention due to its properties as a new source of edible oil. Camelina seeds contain significant amounts of oil and essential fatty acids with nutritional and industrial importance. In this study, fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, oxidative stability index, as well as atherogenicity and thrombogenicity of oil from camelina seed grown in Iran were investigated and compared with those of canola and sunflower seed oils extracted by cold pressing method. The dominant fatty acids of camelina, canola and sunflower oils were linolenic (30.429 ± 0.443), oleic (62.494 ± 0.187%) and linoleic (62.062 ± 0.252%) acids, respectively. Camelina oil was characterized by low values of atherogenicity (0.061 ± 0.001) and thrombogenicity (0.061 ± 0.001) and relatively high hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic ratio (12.314 ± 0.170). In addition, camelina oil had the lowest ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (0.729 ±0.028), and the highest calculated oxidizability value (8.47 ±0.079) and monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (0.628 ±0.003). These results indicate the appropriate nutritional properties but high oxidative susceptibility of camelina oil compared to sunflower and canola oils. The peroxide and anisidine values of camelina, canola and sunflower oils were found to be 0.8 ±0.028, 0.77 ±0.042, 1.12 ± 0.057, and 0.21 ±0.014, 0.18 ±0.028, 0.28 ±0.000, respectively. Therefore, the stability of camelina oil was higher than expected despite the high level of omega-3 fatty acids, which might be justified by its high levels of tocopherols and other antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug-resistant strains and poor treatment response is the main reason for the failure in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Unsaturated fatty acids with more than one double bond (PUFAs) have inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Omega fatty acids on caspase-8 gene expression in H. pylori infected patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study in which 34 H.pylori infected patients with dyspeptic symptoms were randomly divided into two groups of 17 patients, the control group receiving standard triple therapy (including amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole) and the intervention group receiving standard therapy with omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids for two weeks. After treatment, Gene expression levels of Caspase-8 enzymes as well as the semi-quantitative of these proteins were studied with PCR Real-time method and frozen section and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: In the case group compared with the control group, a significant increasing in the expression of caspase -8 genes was observed (p=0.002). The protein level of active caspase -8 enzymes was significantly increased in the case group compared with the control group (0.004). Conclusion: The Omega fatty acids along with standard triple therapy lead induce apoptosis is stomach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the feasibility of enrichment of broiler breast and thigh meat using vegetable oil sources and their effect on oxidative stability of meat during storage (4°c and -20°c), the experiment using 1-old day chickens Arian commercial strain was conducted. Experimental diets have the same energy and protein content and were prepared with canola oil (containing omega-3 fatty acid) or pumpkin seed oil (containing omega-6 fatty acids) and their fatty acid profiles were determined. The chicks were fed one of two diets during the breeding period in four replicates per treatment (160 chicks per treatment). The results showed that thigh meat of broilers were fed with canola oil, significantly contained higher linolenic acid (omega 3), oleic acid (omega 9), and total unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) and those were fed with diets containing pumpkin seed oil contained significantly (p<0.01) higher linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (omega 6) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFAs). The amount of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the breast meat was not affected by the type of oil. But, oleic acid values (omega 9), ratio of USFAs / SFAs and ratio of PUSFAs / SFAs in canola oil-fed chickens and arachidonic acid (omega-6) in chickens pumpkin seed oil-fed were higher (p<0.01). The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in thighs and breasts were increased during storage at refrigerated temperature. Thigh meat MDA value of canola oil-fed broiler was significantly higher at the end of storage period (p<0.05). At freezing temperature, the oxidative stability of thigh and breast meat of broiler were fed pumpkin seed oil was significantly higher (p<0.05). Therefore, by manipulating the combination of dietary fatty acids with vegetable oil sources, can be altered the pattern of thigh and breast fatty acids profile. During the storage period, oxidation spoilage increases in meats enriched with PUSFAs, especially omega-3 fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

مقدمه: اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 یکی از اسیدهای چرب ضروری در بدن انسان‌ها هستند که به وفور در محصولات و فرآورده‌های دریایی به خصوص ماهی و روغن ماهی و همچنین در برخی از دانه‌های روغنی یافت می‌شود که همراه با اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 اثرات متفاوت و زیادی روی بدن انسان‌ها دارند. استفاده‌ی درست از محصولات طبیعی و دوری از محصولات شیمیایی تولید دست بشر در درمان انواع بیماری‌ها، می‌تواند علاوه بر نداشتن اثرات جانبی، باعث پیدایش روشی نوین در علم پزشکی شود. یکی از این روش‌ها، استفاده از اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 و امگا-6 در نارسایی ترمیم زخم‌های دیابت، زخم‌های پوستی و زخم‌های دستگاه گوارش است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نتایج حاصل از اثر مصرف اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بر روی ترمیم زخم‌های دیابت، زخم‌های پوستی و زخم‌های دستگاه گوارشی بود. روش‌ها: مطالعه‌ی حاضر به روش مرور سیستماتیک متون و متاآنالیز در تکمیل مطالعات قبلی انجام شد. در این مطالعه، تعدادی از مقالات که در ارتباط با نقش اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 در ترمیم زخم می‌باشد، بررسی شد و در برخی موارد نتایج آن‌ها با نتایج به دست آمده از اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 مقایسه گردید. سپس محدود کردن آن‌ها به عنوان و جستجوی مقالات از سال 1980 تا 2013 منجر به آن شد که در کل، 43 مقاله با طراحی کارآزمایی بالینی از نوع موازی و متقاطع مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 دارای اثر مثبت بر روی ترمیم زخم‌های دیابت است که نه تنها در درمان زخم دیابت مؤثر هستند؛ بلکه در درمان زخم‌های دیگر از قبیل زخم معده، زخم روده، زخم کولون و زخم‌های سوختگی نیز مؤثر هستند. در برخی از تحقیقات، اثر اسید چرب امگا-3 بیشتر از اسید چرب امگا-6 بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان از اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 به عنوان دارویی برای درمان زخم‌های دیابت و همچنین زخم‌های دستگاه گوارش و زخم‌های پوستی در درمان بیماران استفاده کرد.