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Shrimp melanosis (black spot) is an important surface discoloration caused by polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) enzyme, which oxidizes phenols and leads to insoluble black pigments, the melanins. Sulphiting agents are widely used as melanosis inhibitors; but, the hazards related to sulphated foods, such as allergic reactions and severe disorders in asthmatic patients have created a necessity to find the effective natural alternatives. The current study was accomplished to assay the in vitro antityrosinase effect of Z. multiflora EO as well as its capability to retard the melanosis formation in shrimp during iced storage. According to GC/MS results, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene were the major components of Z.multiflora EO, representing 50.8, 14.4 and 10.6, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of EO was 0.8±0.02 mg/ml and 63.2% of tyrosinase activity decreased when EO with a concentration of 0.25% was applied. Furthermore, it has been observed that immersing the shrimps in1% EO aqueous suspensionretarded themelanosis formation in shrimp during 10 days of iced storage. It can be concluded that Z. multiflora EO could be used as an effective natural processing aid to increase the shrimp shelf-life during iced storage.

"nBackground and Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to dental porcelain on the basis of presence or absence of silane, type of acid [hydrofluoric acid (HF) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4)] and roughness of porcelain surface (glazed or deglazed) within mouth-like environment."nMaterials and Methods: Eighty glazed ceramic disks were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 disks: group 1 [HF+silane], group 2 [deglazed+HF+silane], group 3 [HF], group 4 [deglazed+HF], group 5 [H3PO4+silane], group 6 [deglazed+H3PO4+silane], group 7 [H3PO4], group 8 [deglazed+H3PO4]. Then the brackets were bonded and thermocycled. After that, shear bond strength test was done using the Zwick device and the type of bond failure was determined under stereomicroscope at 4X magnification. 3-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were used for statistical analyses."nResults: The shear bond strength for the test groups were as follows: group (1):13.05±7.7 MPa , group (2):25.16±10.66 MPa, group (3):6.7±5.86 MPa, group (4):15.39±8.97 MPa, group (5):12.76±7.91 MPa, group (6):13.57±7.85 MPa, group (7):0.54±0.67 MPa, group (8): 9.34±6.52 MPa. The type of bond failure in all groups was adhesive failure except for group 2. No significant difference in the interaction between (glazed or deglazed), (presence or absence of silane), and type of acid was found (P>0.05)."nConclusion: Under the conditions of this study, the best clinical method was the use of 37% phosphoric acid and silane that resulted in the optimal clinical strength and adhesive bond failure.

"nBackground and Aims: Intrabony periodontal defects are one of the important problems in periodontal diseases. Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with synthetic materials such as Cerasorb has been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Cerasorb with autogenous bone graft (A.B.G) as a gold standard in treatment of two to three wall periodontal defects."nMaterials and Methods: In this interventional or randomized clinical trial study, 24 two to three wall intrabony defects were selected in a double blind manner. Defects were randomly (with tossing a coin) divided into two groups (test and control). Defects in test group were treated with flap surgery and Cerasorb. In control group, defects were treated with flap surgery and autogenous bone graft. At baseline and 3-month, 6-month and one-year follow up evaluations; clinical and radiographic assessments were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using the paired t test, Wilcoxon and Mann-whiteny. The level of significance was set at P0.05). However, in each group there was significant difference in 4 parameters before and after surgery (P

Statement of Problem: Parafunctional habits are the most important factor in the creation of non-carious cervical lesions and correcting of these habits may affect cervical lesions. Purpose: The goal of this study was to survey the effects of one-year occlusal adjustment on clinical success of non- carious cervical restorations. Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, sixty tooth-colored cervical restorations on canines and premolars in patients with parafunctional habits (bruxism and clenching) were studied. The teeth, according to the type of restorative material, were randomly divided into two groups: One group with a composite resin (Tetric Flow; Group A: n=30) and the other group with a compomer (Compoglass Flow; Group B: n=30). After restoration, each group was divided into two subgroups: (A1, B1) with occlusal adjustment (case group), (A2, B2) without occlusal adjustment (control group). The evaluation was perfumed single blind at 6 and 12 months after restorative operations according to Us Public Health Service (USPHS) classification. Assessment criteria included: marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, recurrent caries, postoperative sensitivity and loss of filling. Statistical analysis was completed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: In 12 month period between two groups of compoglass Flow restorations, group B1 showed superior results than group B2, however, no significant difference was found between both groups of tetric flow restorations (A1 and A2). There was also no difference in clinical conditions between A2 and B2 groups. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that occlusal adjustment puts a considerable effect on clinical success of compoglass non- carious cervical restorations. However, it should be mentioned that such and effect was not found among Tetric flow restoration.

Statement of Problem: A lot of efforts have been made to create a complete adaptation between tooth"nand amalgam restorations."nPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage and interfacial micromorphology of"namalgam restorations lined with dentin adhesives, namely One Coat Bond, Syntac, Excite and Copalite,"nas liners."nMaterials and Methods: 144 intact human canine teeth were selected. Then class V cavities, with"nenamel and dentinal margins, were prepared on each of them. Cavities were lined with different dentin"nbonding systems (Syntac, One Coat Bond and Excite) according to the manufacturer's instructions and"nrestored with Oralloy and Cinalloy, non gamma 2 spherical amalgams and Aristaloy a non gamma 2"nAdmixed alloy. Copalite was used in the group, served as controls. After thirty days storage in synthetic"nsaliva at 37°c, the specimens were thermocycled in saliva (4000 cycles). The degree of microleakage was"nassessed by means of basic fushin dye penetration and recorded. The gap width was evaluated with"nScanning Electron Microscope. Pearson and %2 tests were used to analyze the results."nResults: None of the systems, tested in this study, eliminated microleakage completely, Pearson's"ncorrelation coefficient showed a positive correlation between gap and microleakage (P0/05)."nConclusion: One Coat Bond and Syntac, comparing to Excite and Copalite, showed less microleakage"nand gap width.

Background and Objectives: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related syndrome and the most common hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Feto-maternal immune incompatibility, oxidative stress, genetic variants, and endothelial cells injuries play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. TNFSF13B gene, a member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is a main regulator of an immune response. This study was done with the aim of investigating the association between the rs16972194 and rs56124946 rare polymorphisms of TNFSF13B gene and preeclampsia disease. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 308 women with preeclampsia and 292 healthy pregnant women, referring to the reference clinic for women's diseases in Hazrat Zeinab hospital in Shiraz from January to August 2016, were selected and underwent molecular testing. Genotyping of the rs16972194 and rs56124946 polymorphisms were determined using ARMS PCR and T-ARMS PCR, respectively. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and chi-square test. Results: The frequency of CC, CG, and GG rs56124946 polymorphism genotypes in the patients were respectively 95.2, 3.1, and 1.7 percent and 97.7, 1.3 and 1 percent in the controls. Statistically significant difference was not found in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of this polymorphic site between the case and control groups (p> 0.05). A significant percent of the controls (99.3%) and patients (99.7%) showed GG genotype for this polymorphism. No significant difference in the genotype frequencies was observed between the cases and controls (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the rare variants of the TNFSF13B gene are not probably related to preeclampsia disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) have a constant preoccupation about some aspects of their appearance. Most people, including those with Body Dysmorphic Disorder cope with appearance -related thoughts and behaviors in a variety of defensive style use. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and defensive style. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 259 students of Guilan University. Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire (BDMQ) and the defensive style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) were used for data collection. To examine the relationship between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and defensive style, we used Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Result: The correlation between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and developed defensive styles (p < 0/05, r = -0/14) and non developed defensive styles (p < 0/01, r = 0/27) was significant. Conclusion: Identification of patterns of poor defense styles related to BDD, can clarify the role of psychological factors in the emergence of BDD, and be helpful for specific interventions aimed at modifying and moderating the defensive styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Epiphora is one of the most common complaints of the patients referred to ophthalmology clinics and primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the main respective cause in adults. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the surgical treatment of epiphora that can be done by two basic methods: external and endonasal (Microscopic or Endoscopic), and the endoscopic method is minimally invasive and without scar on the face. Objective: To compare the results and complications of these two methods in treatment of the patients with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Material s and Methods: This cross sectional case control study was performed in Amir-al-Momenin university Hospital of Rasht, Iran during 2008-10. Ninety-one patients (88 women and 3 men) were recruited in two groups: external (N= 46) and endoscopic DCR (N= 45). After surgery, all the patients were followed for 6-12 month periods and results and complications were studied in each group. Surgery failure was defined as: no marked improvement in tearing or any episode of postoperative dacryocystitis, postoperative nasal endoscopy with scarring in the intranasal osteotomy, and no visualization of fluorescein dye in nasal endoscopy of the participants. Also, two groups were compared in the average time of fluorescein excretion into the nose. Results were analyzed using SPSS 17 software, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Success was achieved in 92.3% of all patients, 93.5% in the external group and 91.1% in the endoscopic group (P= 0.672). The average visual analogue scale (VAS) score for subjective improvement of epiphoria in both external and endoscopic DCR groups was 8. The mean time of excretion of fluorescein dye into the nose in external and endoscopic groups were 21.3 ± 26.7 seconds and 10.4 ± 12.1 seconds, respectively (P= 0.05). Conclusion: Endonasal endoscopic DCR has comparable success rates with external DCR, and it seems that the pump function of lacrimal sac is better saved in endoscopic method, meanwhile, the loss of scar and minimal surgical invasion and complications are other advantages of this method over the other. Conflict of interest: non declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yoghurt is one of the fermented dairy products with high nutritional value and short shelf life where its shelf-life can be prolonged by drying. Therefore, in the present study, the fresh yoghurt with different amounts of dry matter (10, 20 and 28% w/w) was dehydrated by microwave-vacuum dryer at different levels of microwave powers (35, 135, and 260 W) and definite absolute pressure (125± 5 mbar). Then, the effects of type (gum tragacanth, guar gum, locust bean gum, Persian gum, and casein powder), quantity (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% w/w) in singular and combined forms (tragacanth:guar, Tragacanth:locust been gum, and guar: locust been gum), combination ratio (80:20, 50:50), and adding stage (pre/post drying) of hydroclloids over sensory and rheological properties of instant yoghurt were evaluated. Results showed that higher microwave powers and dry matter percent led to the shorter and higher drying rate, respectively. Regarding rheological properties, the storage modulus was significantly higher than loss modulus (G'>G'') and elastic behavior was observed in majority of samples. However, sample with Guar:locust bean gums showed inverse features, also Complex viscosity and loss tangent of most samples (pre drying method) were similar to control, except one with guar: locust been gum. Furthermore, the most accepted reconstituted yoghurt was one containing gum tragacanth, and baking powder followed by one with 0.6% tragacanth:locust bean gum (80:20, 0.6%) which were prepared with pre-drying method. Moreover, it was found that the adding stage of hydrocolloids had significant effect on the evaluated properties of instant yoghurt where pre-drying method was recognized as the most appropriate one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Soldering is one of the most common activities in metal industries. Lead is used in soldering process and has considerable toxic effects. The aim of this study, therefore, was biological and environmental monitoring and effects of exposure to lead in soldering unit workers at an automobile industry. Methods: In order to evaluate biological and environmental exposure to lead, a case-control study was accomplished on 60 workers in soldering unit (case group) and 60 workers in official unit (control group). Demographical and medical information were gained by a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using the NIOSH 8003 method and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) respectively and air samples were collected and analyzed using the NIOSH 7300 method and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) respectively. Results: The obtained results shown that, with increasing age and work experience, the blood lead level is also increased.(p=0.033)(p=0.003) In exposed group, the blood lead mean value was significantly higher than the control group (p-value<0.001). Prevalence of digestive, nervous, respiratory, dermal, kidney disorders, anemia diseases, and disorder in bone metabolism in exposed group were higher than the control group. Amount of lead level was negative correlated with hemoglobin (r=-0.287; p=0.026) and hematocrit (r=-0.336;p=0.009) but There was no significant correlation between air and blood lead level. Conclusions: The blood lead level may be increased in lead exposure due absence of personal protective equipment and poor personal hygiene. Increased lead level in blood can be resulted to various diseases and decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]