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In the present unstable business environment, supply chains are considerably impacted by disruptions, necessitating the implementation of resilience strategies. These strategies, however, pose significant financial challenges for companies. Therefore, financing is essential in developing resilient supply chain networks. In addition to utilizing existing capital, options such as bank loans and trade credit can be employed to alleviate the financial burden and enhance working capital. The present scholarship has failed to address the issue of financial strain resulting from the adoption of resilience strategies. Additionally, the significance of trade credit and repayment scheduling in all levels of the supply chain network also left under-researched. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a three-tiered supply chain network consisting of main/support suppliers, factories, and distribution centers under uncertain demand conditions. The network is developed to effectively handle demand uncertainty and achieve optimal net present value and demand estimation. To solve the bi-objective model of the study, a preemptive fuzzy ideal programming approach accompanied by the implementation of the CPLEX solver is utilized. The findings lend support to the importance of securing financial support for support suppliers and establishing effective trade credit agreements across all levels of the supply chain.

Considering the underground economy and the dependence of Iran's economy on oil and the influence of the tax system on oil revenues, the present study attempts to investigate the effect of oil rent on taxes, emphasizing the role of the underground economy for the period 1973-2021 in the form symmetrical and asymmetrical model. For this purpose, the size of the underground economy was calculated using the MIMIC method, representing an average of 15.2% of Iran’s economy. Then the research model was estimated by linear (symmetric) and non-linear (asymmetric) autoregressive distributed lag. The result indicates that in the symmetrical estimation, the tax is inversely affected by the oil rent, and the increase in the size of the underground economy aggravates this negative relationship. The asymmetric estimate shows that the effect of oil rent on taxation is asymmetric. First, the effect of positive oil rent shocks on taxes is much greater (more than twice) than the effect of negative oil rent shocks. Second, the expansion of the underground economy intensifies the adverse effect of negative oil rent shocks and the positive effect of negative oil rent shocks on taxes. Accordingly, it is suggested that the economic policymaker, regardless of the ups and downs of oil and the resulting rent, should diligently work to improve the efficiency of the tax system, and attempt as much as possible to control and reduce the size of the underground economy.

The evolution of information technology, artificial intelligence, and large volumes of data in web2, led to the formation of a new approach from the convergence of two scientific fields of business intelligence (BI) and social media analysis (SMA), which is called social business intelligence (SBI) with some researchers. Growing the number of studies in BI and SMA and the explosion of information, required coherence, integration and summary to knowledge extraction. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the capabilities that are the result of the two scientific field convergence. The bibliometric methods have been used to analyze publications tile 2022 and map the topics trend, historical graph, co-occurrence network and knowledge map of social business intelligence capabilities. The results indicate that the nature of business intelligence studies changes toward the analysis of big social media data and integration of analytical and managerial capabilities in BI with the power of marketing, communication and networking in SM. Also, five clusters of social marketing capability, data analytic capability, knowledge capability, communication capability, and transformational capability have been identified for SBI. About the role of SBI in empowering organizations in the digital era, especially in business related to marketing and innovation goals, it is recommended to equip organizations with this technology and its capabilities.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of the factors affecting the revitalization of small and medium- scale ailing food companies and industries in Ardabil province. To this end, through reviewing the related literature and interviewing experts, first, 97 factors affecting the revitalization of these companies were identified, using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Next, through exploratoratory factor analysis, the relationship between the factors was investigated. For this purpose, the factors in 10 demensions were determined and using fuzzy hierarchical analysis, these dimensions were ranked based on the views of 48 managers and senior experts of small and midum-scale food industreis in Ardabil. The results revealed the periorty of economic factors, factors related to infrastructure, factors related to research and development processes, factors related to financial problems, legal and judicial factors, respectively, and factors due to the sanctions, market-related factors, legislation related to work-place, organizing managers and staff, and social and cultural factors were the next priorities. According to the objectives of the research, the clustering of active food industries in Ardabil was done based on the available documents and the relevant industries were divided into five clusters. The effect size of each set of factors in each cluster was determined using multivariate regression method and finally the appropriate revitalization model for each cluster was identified and presented.

In this article, by presenting the scope of national innovation capability in the context of a multi-sector system, a dynamic network model is introduced. In this system, to identify Iran's performance problem, at first by bibliometric studying and holding focus group sessions with experts, the steps and indicators of the processed model were identified and designed. Then, the dynamic network data envelopment analysis model was implemented to compare Iran's performance with other countries. The model results indicated that Iran's national innovation capability has a poor performance in the third phase of its three steps that include converting patents to high-tech products and creative goods. Then, to present the proposed policy to enhance Iran’s performance in the third step of the mentioned model, by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set (fSQCA), the combinations of institutional, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication dimensions were investigated. For calibration of these data, K-MEANS clustering method was used. The output of the mentioned comparative analysis indicated that the combination of the two dimensions of institutions and human capital and research in promoting the country's performance is sufficient.

On the one hand, the production of defense products is indispensable because of the role it plays in deterring and promoting the national security of the country, and, on the other hand, the economic conditions prevailing in the country have made production of defense products at the lowest cost an obligatory requirement. The lean supply chain of defense industries by focusing on waste removal and reducing costs, the answer is how to produce lower cost defense products. The purpose of this research is to identify the most important practices of the defense industries lean supply chain, and then, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the categorization and verification of the practices based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and then, using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) model, presents a model that shows the relationships between these practices. The power of driving and dependence of practices are also analyzed using the MICMAC technique. The results of the research show that out of a total of 84 practices introduced in the previous research for the lean supply chain, 49 practices are effective in the lean supply chain of defense industries. It consists of 8 categories and includes: Workshop level management, Quality management, Just in time, Repairs and Maintenance management, Human resource management, Suppliers relationships, New products design and Customer relationship. Customers relationship as the most basic and most driving practice and supplier relationship is the most dependent practice of the defense industries lean supply chain.

Assessing the value of petrochemical industries on the one hand as strategic industries in the provision of raw materials of other parts and on the other hand, given the high weight of the formation of the stock market in Tehran, it is important. This industry, while influencing developments in other markets, especially the oil market, which has a significant impact on other markets, in particular the financial market. The stock prices of the petrochemicals in the stock market are heavily dependent on the price of petrochemical products, as well as the high dependence on oil price changes on global markets. Therefore, the analysis of the relationship between petrochemical price and oil price requires an asymmetrical model. In this study, the effect of oil price on value of the petrochemical industry in asymmetric shape in 2008-2017 periods daily basis has been analyzed using model Shin et al (2014). For this purpose, a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach has been used. The findings indicate that these industries could be the channel for transferring global oil price fluctuations to the total stock market in Tehran. In the short term, anonymity is confirmed by the impact of the oil price on the value of the petrochemical industry. As oil prices decline, the value of petrochemicals decreases, but with increasing oil prices there will not be an increase in the value of petrochemicals. In the long run, oil prices are ............

Numerous internal and external challenges caused by technology innovation and customer needs’ changes have made the performance evaluation inevitable. Tendency to quantitative results of performance evaluation and increasing the accuracy of decision making made the data envelopment analysis a famous method for benchmarking a set of homogenous decision making units. But in the case that the number of DMUS’ are not compatible to the number of inputs and outputs , the model’s results may not reveal the appropriate scores of efficient and inefficient DMUs and may lead us to misdirection. In order to increase the accuracy and discretionary of standard DEA, we've used an integrated data envelopment analysis and goal programming to find a common set of weights. We have chosen the insurance industry as our case study and for choosing the relative indicators we've used Delphi Technique. Asking indicators' importance from insurance experts helped us to set the weights in the goal programming model. Using proposed model, we can clearly find an optimal set of weights for evaluating each DMU and calculate efficiency scores to rank all the insurance companies. The empirical example showed that the new proposed DEA model can successfully acquire a full ranking for the DMUs. Running the model resulted a better discretionary of 0.74 in comparison to classic Dea and introduced the first insurer as efficient.

In the information technology era with complex and ever changing In the information technology era with complex and ever changing national and international environment, organizations are faced with so many challenges. In this situation performance evaluation for each industry and its subsystems will be more difficult. The main aim of this study is providing an improved model for performance appraisal and insurance companies ranking with the new and nonparametric methods. For choosing the indicators related to study we used BSC and for ranking each company and determining its position among the others, data envelopment analysis was applied which is a comprehensive method for evaluating efficiency. The advantage of this study rather than previous ones is applying factor analysis and principle component analysis to provide independency between inputs and outputs and reduce and cluster them to the most important indicators as, factors. At the same time interfering the priority of each factor from the experts' points of view with applying goal programming approach makes the model more accurate. By doing so, the most efficient companies were introduced as insurer 1, 6 and 12 regularly.

Forecasting the product demand is one of the most important activities of every organization for planning the sale and finally making a comprehensive plan. It in fact determines the amount of the activities an organization carries out in the future and also provides the managers with a clear understanding of the amount and quality of the respected activities. In this article, a model based on Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining algorithms is proposed for predicting the amount of sale in tile and ceramic industry. The proposed model is a hybrid model consisting of dimensionality reduction, clustering and forecasting. In order to construct the model, this research uses independent component analysis, Manifold learning, K-means clustering and support vector regression. The present research studies 50 cases of Irana Tile Company's past 3 years of monthly sales. Because of the decrease in generic and sampling errors, the results obtained from this model show a superior precision compared to other traditional forecasting methods.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to identify and prioritize barriers and problems young adults face using services of public libraries in Semnan. Method: This applied study is descriptive. This research focuses on the youth generation between the age of 17 and 40 in Semnan. Simple Random Sampling is used. 450 questionnaires were distributed of which 389 were returned and used. In addition to descriptive statistics AHP technique was used to prioritize barriers. Findings: The most important obstacle was “lack of enough books for young people “ the other factors such as : “ failing to update references materials” , “lack of motivation and time to study “and “ lack of proper physical condition of libraries” were in the other orders respectively. Originality/value: The results of this research can help libraries in removing barriers and creating favorable conditions to attract the youth to libraries.

Decision making about the selection of shares for buying and selling for more return acquisition is the most important subject for investors in stock exchange market. Many of investors buy shares based on market gossips and informal news.As each of the existing models such as technical method, fundamental method, Markowitz model, sharp model and arbitrage model has it's own problem in use, this research gives a model for choosing portfolio regarding effective indices on investors decision making by composing the TOPSIS and GAHP techniques. A questionnaire was prepared by using Delphi method and was distributed to 30 persons of the experts of stock exchange market to identify significant indices for investors. Economical indices for choosing the industry including selling growth, profit margin growth, average return, currency rate, basic metals price volatility, industrial competitive advantages, economical growth and recession and economical indices for share selection contain EPS, DPS, P/E, share price, share return, operating profit ratio, corporation management, corporation size, capital volume and technology were achieved.Necessary information and relevant amounts to each of indices were gathered from archive unit and internet site of securities and exchange organization and financial statement of companies. Then by TOPSIS technique and weighting by Shannon entropy and group AHP techniques in changing qualitative to quantitative indices (which is one of the most advantages of this method) decision matrix was composed and the priority of industry and share identified. Five superior industries were Banking, Credit and other money institutes, Investment brokers, Foods and Beverages products except candy and sugar, coal extraction and Other Nonmetallic mineral products.

The volatility feedback has been tested, using the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) returns, during 1992-2006. According to the theory, predictable volatility has a positive and significant effect, while the unpredicted volatility will reduce the stock returns. In order to test the hypothesis, the EGARCH-M model is used. The results indicate that there has not been a significant relationship between predictable volatility and returns, while the unpredicted volatility has had significant negative effect.

Curbing inflation is one of the requirements of a good economic policy. The steady rise of inflation can exacerbate poverty and income inequality, and even increase crime. Therefore, various studies have identified inflation as a determinant in reducing economic welfare. Considering that the Iranian economy has experienced high inflation in recent decades, it seems that the welfare of the Iranian population responds quickly to this variable, and reducing the frequency of data may reduce pattern explanation. This study attempts to measure the effect of monthly inflation on economic well-being for the period 1982-2020. Since the index of economic well-being cannot be determined at a frequency higher than annual, it is necessary to employ a mixed-data sampling (MIDAS) approach. Economic growth has been also included in the model as a control variable. The estimation results indicate that inflation has a negative (unfavorable) effect, and economic growth has a positive (favorable) effect on economic well-being. Moreover, the effect of inflation is significantly larger than economic growth. In other words, controlling inflation may have a greater effect on the economic well-being of society in the long term than economic growth.

Aim and Introduction: Cloud computing has become so important today that it is referred to as the fifth most common industry, after water, electricity, gas and telephone, and its development path is rapidly accelerating the entire IT infrastructure of a city or country. Introduction of new technologies such as IoT, mobile computing, health services, sensor networks and big data (Levitt, 2009; Free Iranian Cloud Computing Society, 2016). According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI), cloud computing is a model for providing access to a range of computing services and resources such as networks, servers, storage space, and applications on demand through the World Wide Web. It should be done quickly and with the minimum intervention of suppliers and sellers, and according to the needs of consumers, it can be prepared and used (Mel, 2011). A look at the statistics available on cloud computing technology highlights the importance of this field of technology. The authors believe that in a world moving towards sustainable development, sustainability is a winning strategy for business success (Francischelli, Santro and Candello, 2018). Therefore, introducing the business model of sustainable cloud services is one of the ways that can help companies in the cloud services industry to use this model and optimize it with their conditions and facilities to form their competitive advantage and in regional, national supply. And even compete internationally. Therefore, this research provides a framework that helps cloud service industry managers to strengthen their competitiveness in the market by identifying a sustainable business model suitable for their collection, as well as to develop competitive advantages and achieve optimal productivity. Therefore, in the present study, we seek to identify the factors affecting the development of the cloud services business model to provide a new framework and add new components to the literature in this field.Methodology: The present study is a part of applied research. The strategy used in this research is content analysis. Content analysis is a process that leads to the analysis, summarization, classification and inference of specific features of the text. Considers content analysis to be a process of collecting, organizing, and standardizing. Content analysis is more important in humanities and social science research because of the ability to systematically analyze deeper and more complex information and comments, such as semi-instructional interview reports. In this study, exploratory interviews were conducted with 18 key informants to obtain the required information. The sampling process is purposeful and strategic and continues until the process of analysis and exploration reaches theoretical saturation. Findings: From the interviews, a total of 245 initial conceptual propositions were obtained in the open coding stage. In the next coding stage, the final code was obtained by merging the obtained codes and removing the irrelevant and redundant items.The results of the interview showed that sustainable cloud services have 5 main dimensions of economic, social, environmental, governance and ethical and business model design should be done by considering these 5 dimensions. Discussion and Conclusion: The economic dimension refers to the production of goods and services as a prerequisite for improving living conditions; The social dimension refers to the equality of all human beings and their opportunities to access resources according to basic needs such as food, water and development through improved living conditions such as health care and education; The environmental dimension is related to the Earth ecosystem and the reduction of man-made carbon and the environmental imbalance created by the terms pollution, ozone layer, greenhouse gases, non-degradable waste, deforestation, overfishing, and The governance dimension is also related to the ways in which power is spent on managing economic and social resources for development. This issue theoretically dates back to 1990. In fact, when international aid agencies recognized that poor and developing countries were facing many obstacles to their economic development, the concept of governance also found its place as one of the drivers of economic growth and development in various economies. In the context of a favorable political and institutional environment that respects human rights, democratic principles, and the rule of law, good governance is the transparent and accountable management of human beings, nature, economic and financial resources for equitable and sustainable development. The fifth dimension of the identified components goes back to ethical issues; With the growth of information technology, the opportunity for immoral activities in the cloud has also increased and the need to control these activities has become a global concern. On the other hand, the pervasiveness of new computing technologies will transcend geographical areas and, if unable to protect individuals' privacy and pose threats to data security, will cause irreparable damage to the pervasiveness of services and concepts.Business models express value propositions by identifying the market, identifying value chains, locating the company, combining assets for supply, and determining revenue mechanisms and cost structures.The identified factors of the present study for the business model in the field of cloud services can be used as a modification of the concept of the usual business model with specific features 1) integration of concepts, principles and goals of sustainability in the sustainable business model and 2) integration of the concept of sustainability in the chain Value considered. Therefore; The main innovation of the present study is that a review of the research literature shows that three of the identified dimensions have been discussed separately in the literature, but two other important factors, which are the governance and ethical dimensions, are essentially in the model literature. Cloud business businesses have not been discussed and therefore it is considered as adding keywords to the cloud business literature. Therefore, in comparison; Findings of Sterwalder and Pignor (2010); Jericho and Forum (2009); Biswas (2015); Buchanan et al. (2014); Boken and Shorts (2016); Joyce and Pacquiao (2016); Gizman and Anchor (2016); Boya and Sinf Gill (2018); Gissdorfer et al. (2018); Ojala and Tirvanen (2011); Kozlowski et al. (2018); Bars et al. (2017); Dig and Egret (2018); Mousavi (2019); Kavichi and Wagononi (2020); Witt and Pilak (2020); Gani et al. (2020); Matilla et al. (2020); Da Silva et al. (2013); Dig and Eggert (2018) are in some ways consistent with the findings of the present studyOne of the growing areas of Internet-based activities, both in the market and in people's personal lives, is cloud computing. Cloud service is an emerging technology that has attracted a lot of attention around the world in recent years, and this technology provides services through the Internet. The main purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model of sustainable cloud services business. Therefore, researchers in this study, using the qualitative research method and grounded theory strategy, have identified important factors and components related to the phenomenon of sustainable cloud businesses. After conducting 18 in-depth interviews with experts and specialists in the field of cloud services and sustainable development, 207 codes were floated in the open coding stage and 5 economic, social, and environmental, governance and ethical components were obtained in the central coding stage. Also in the selective coding phase, the 9 components of the Osterwalder business model, including customer segmentation, value proposition, customer relationships, distribution channels, key resources, key activities, revenue streams, cost structure and key partners linked to the five Identified component in axial coding phase and eventually a sustainable cloud services business model emerged.

Economic complexity means the ability to produce a variety of products at the level of global competition. The importance of economic complexity in increasing the wealth and development of countries has been confirmed by studies and empirical evidence. The present study examines the relationship between social technologies (ST) and economic complexity among 137 countries from 1998 to 2019. Social technology (ST) refers to all the methods, designs, and elements necessary (including institutions, structures, maps, processes, and cultural norms) for organizing individuals to achieve a specific goal or goals. The health and maturity of social technologies make it possible for economies to produce complex goods by integrating large amounts of knowledge, skills, capacity, and experience into complex networks of interactions. To investigate the possibility of a simultaneous relationship between the two variables, the PVAR model was used. The results of this study confirm the existence of a simultaneous and two-way relationship between the rule of law and economic complexity.

Economic complexity reflects the capabilities of a country and determines the level of economic growth and development. Investing in knowledge and human capital due to increasing the capabilities of economic actors is essential to achieve a complex economy. This paper examines the relationship between human capital and economic complexity in Iran during 1971-2017. Empirical analysis shows that primary school enrollment has no significant correlation to economic complexity. In addition, R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP has no significant relation to economic complexity. According to Johansen-Juselius co-integration test there is no co-integrating relationship between the variables under study. However, government expenditure on tertiary education as percentage of GDP, shown by TR, is co-integrated with economic complexity. Based on Granger causality test, there is a unidirectional causality from TR to economic complexity. Impulse response analysis indicates that economic complexity responses to TR after three years. If spending on higher education increases by 10 percent, the economic complexity index will increase by 11 percent.

Extended Abstract Introduction Competitiveness currently is a main in issue all over the world and is used as a means for achieving desired economic growth and sustained development. Considering the importance of these industries in high job creation (0/015 occupation in industry) and direct and indirect participation in the production of national income (almost 0/03/5 of the gross domestic production (GDP) and more than 0/015 of the value added in industry), one of the priorities and work programs in industry, mining, and business must be paying special attention to these industries. Iran has exported more than one billion and 575 million dollars foodstuffs in 1394 (Trade Promotion Organization of Iran, 1395). However, food industry in Iran doesn’t enjoy strong brands in the international markets. So, to reinforce this strategy in international markets, at first, brand competitiveness power should rise (food industry strategic plan, 1395). Having desired brand performance and increasing brand competitiveness power for food industry are issues that can create export boom for the country. No doubt, since foreign countries are seeking for known brand goods with high quality, enhancing brand performance for Iranian food industry improves exports. Thus, the main aim of the present study, with regard to branding and brand performance in today’s competitive economic conditions is examining the effect of brand performance on brand competitiveness with clarifying the role of technological opportunism among top exporter food industry companies. Case study Research population includes managers and marketing experts in top exporter food industry companies. Population size is 36 based on Iran’s trade promotion organization list. Materials and Methods The standard questionnaire (Santos-Vijande et al (2013), Voola et al (2012) and Xiangming & Haimei (2011)) was used as a data gathering tool and its validity and reliability was approved by nominal validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectivelyThe present study, in terms of purpose and data collection was functional and descriptive, respectively. Structural equation modeling approach was used to examine the hypothesis and conceptual model confirming. Discussion and Results Results show that the conceptual model has overall validity and all key paths are statistically significant in the model. The model provides a good description of the brand performance and brand competitiveness. The obtained significant results show that branding has a vital role in the overall model and brand performance, is a suitable measure for the final performance. The results also show that brand performance has a significant positive effect on brand competitiveness (α= 2/39) and technological opportunism has α= 4/00; technological opportunism with the Alpha Coefficient of 2/39 has also a significant positive effect on brand competitiveness among these firms; brand performance via technological opportunism (α=15/2) has more effect on brand competiveness. The reason is that opportunism in technology is a company potential, in which special and complex processes are involved and imitating them is difficult for other firms. Consequently, they are advantageous resources for competition and cause brand competitiveness improvement in these companies in comparison with competitors. The results confirm the vital role of branding in the international marketing. The first result was that one of the main factors in brand competitiveness is brand performance which represents branding role in overall performance evaluation of an international company. Moreover, it is very important that companies complement information gathered from identifying and reacting to customers’ needs (brand market performance) with information obtained from identifying and reacting to technology (opportunism in technology) with developing appropriate processes. The reason is that being complementary; these variables will affect strategic decisions related to adopting new technologies in international business. Conclusion The results show that brand performance has a significant positive effect on brand competitiveness and technological opportunism; technological opportunism has also a significant positive effect on brand competitiveness of these companies. Brand performance via technological opportunism has more effect on brand competitiveness.

Extended Abstract According to the importance of exporting in today's competitive economic and in to the aim of reaching to the export borders of 105 trillion rials in the vision document in 1404 (Statistical Report Trade Promotion Organization of Iran, 1395), this study aimed at investigating the performance effect of export-oriented entrepreneurial behavior with clarifying the role of competitive advantage among food export companies. Case study This research’s case study population was managers and experts of 36 companies in the food industry. As the population size was limited by the number of people, the population size was equal to population sample. Materials and Methods The present study, in terms of purpose and data collection, was functional and descriptive, respectively. A standard questionnaire was used as a data collecting tool which the Cronbach's alpha was used for examine its reliability. The research model was assessed by structural equation modeling. Discussion and Results The results show that export-oriented entrepreneurial behavior have a significant effect on export performance, and competitive advantage of the firms has a significant impact on export performance; in fact, it can be said, export-oriented entrepreneurial behavior through the competitive advantage of firms exporting compared with the main competitors in the export markets will improve the export performance of these companies. So companies exporting food products in export markets, could provide products / services on the market later than competitors, using the opportunity, more power to respond to new export markets to help improve their export performance. Conclusion The results show that export entrepreneurial oriented behavior has a significant positive influence on export performance, despite the fact that competitive advantage has a mediation role.