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Background and Objective: Poisoning is one of the most common reasons for emergency department visits worldwide. Awareness of poisoning patterns helps identify risk factors and enables early diagnosis. In Iran, narcotics are among the main causes of poisoning in children. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of narcotics-induced poisoning in children under 18 years old referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala, Golestan Province. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 36 children aged 1 month to 18 years (22 boys and 14 girls; mean age: 51.62±36.25 months) referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala due to narcotics-induced poisoning from 2020 to 2022. Samples were included in the study using census. Patients’ medical records were reviewed and recorded in a checklist. Results: The highest poisoning rate stemmed from the consumption of opium (69.4%), followed by methadone (25%). Decreased level of consciousness upon hospital admission was determined to be 66.7%. The interval between poisoning and hospital admission was 5.60±3.86 hours. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.25±0.80 days, and no patients died. Most children were male (61.1%), Turkmen (69.4%), and rural residents (86.1%). The highest cases of poisoning occurred in the summer (36.1%). The most common route of contact was oral (97.2%). Conclusion: The poisoning rate with opium is higher compared to other narcotics. However, there is strong evidence of increased opium use among young people and some evidence of increased methadone use.

The world registration of the Oramanat region as the 26th World Heritage of Iran in the UNESCO organization has doubled the importance of this region from the west of the country. Considering the many capacities of the Oramanat region to attract tourists and the proper use of the world registration point to make this region known as a tourism hub at the international level, this research aims to find the influential factors in branding the Oramanat tourism destination in the form of a model, and it is a Model. Regarding the objective type, this study is applied research conducted using a mixed exploratory method during two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative section, interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the field of tourism, including university professors, officials, and activists in this field, first in a targeted manner and then in a snowball. In the quantitative section, paired comparisons were given to the same sample people in the qualitative section of the questionnaire. Finally, a hierarchical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Based on the research findings, nine main factors were identified for the international tourism branding of Oramanat, which obtained the most points in the order of the importance of infrastructure and facilities, attraction factor, and marketing and advertising factor. Administrative, political, and legal factors, tourists and agencies, brand building, stabilization, sociocultural, and economic factors were also placed as the following priorities. Finally, according to the results of the interviews, the factor of infrastructure and facilities is the region’s weakness. The attraction factor is its strength, so it is necessary to create facilities for accommodation, healthcare, communication, and transportation in the region and should be strengthened. Oramanat’s destination brand should be created around the attractions of the region that have the necessary capacity by using various marketing and advertising methods. Holding various conferences and forming a specialized committee to develop the branding program of the region are also essential and practical suggestions for facilitating matters.IntroductionOne of the tourist areas in Iran is the Oramanat region. Due to its historical, cultural, and natural attractions, this region can be a suitable destination for attracting tourists throughout the year, effectively empowering the people and organizing the region’s economy.Since there are few essential sources of income and economy in Oramanat, tourism can be an important source of income for the people of this area.However, the expected benefits from this industry have yet to be realized for the people of Oramanat, which may be the main reason for the improper management and planning, lack of necessary facilities, and minor and limited advertising. The combination of these factors has made the majority of tourists in the region from neighboring regions and provinces, and we have yet to see much success in attracting international tourists to this region.Due to the weakness in marketing and advertising, this region has many obstacles to introducing its tourist attractions.One of the subsets of marketing is branding. If we intend to attract international tourists, destination branding will be inevitable because there is fierce competition between different destinations to attract tourists. Our destination must create, maintain, or increase its market share in this competition. Therefore, considering the increasing importance of the tourism industry and the significant impact of this industry on necessary social, economic, and cultural fields, the importance of branding to attract tourists and the potential of Oramanat region in the field of attracting international tourists and also the global registration of the region, we decided to Let us look for the answer to this question, what branding model can lead to the development of international tourism in Oramanat region?Literature ReviewAccording to the definition of the World Organization (WTO), international tourism includes the activities of visitors who temporarily leave international borders and stay in destinations other than their place of work and residence for more than 24 hours. Although international tourism is an economic activity, it creates interaction between many people. International tourism increases the demand for services and facilities. Therefore, it creates challenges and opportunities for the host country and plays a vital role in the economic development process of many countries. The host country spends more to attract this type of tourists and earns more income through visitor expenses. One of the reasons for paying more attention to international tourism than domestic tourism is the positive impact of this tourism on economic growth through the creation of foreign exchange income and job creation.A brand is a set of communications that combines the name, sign, and symbol associated with a product. Brands convey attributes and meanings designed to enhance the value of a product beyond its functional value. The brand makes the product quickly recognized and repurchased by the customer.Branding of tourist destinations has also gained considerable popularity. The battle of customers in the destination market will not be about prices but hearts and minds. Destination branding is a way to communicate that destination’s specific and unique identity by differentiating its personality from competitor destinations. The overall objective of destination branding is to contribute to the positive image of the destination by continuously reinforcing brand elements. The brand is used as a common goal for the activities of many different actors in the tourism industry.The tourism brand should specify the attractions and capabilities of the destination for tourists. In addition to creating an emotional connection between tourists and the destination, the brand will reduce the cost of tourists' research. Suppose the brand leads to presenting a positive image of the destination to the tourists. In that case, the tourists will provide the necessary grounds to attract other tourists with positive word-of-mouth advertising, and this will be effective in reducing marketing and advertising costs.MethodologyThe current research is practical in terms of its purpose. In terms of the working method, it is exploratory mixed research that was carried out in two consecutive stages, qualitative and quantitative.In the beginning and the qualitative stage, the necessary data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews to identify the factors influencing the branding of the Oramanat tourist destination. Then, these data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method, and the more conceptually related factors were placed in the same category.In the second and quantitative stage of the research, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was prepared and provided to the experts to prioritize the mentioned factors. The studied community in both qualitative and quantitative sections consist of experts, specialists, officials, and professors in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, and tourism in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, which include faculty members of the management and entrepreneurship department of Razi University, managers and experts Organization of cultural heritage and tourism of Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, as well as some tourism activists in these provinces.Sampling in this research was done in a targeted manner and then by snowball. Therefore, interviews were conducted with several experts in the field of tourism until we reached theoretical saturation. Theoretical saturation was achieved with 12 interviews, which continued until 15 people to ensure more interviews.In the quantitative part, pairwise comparisons were presented to the qualitative part of the questionnaire sample to give weight and points to the identified factors. The Expert Choice software determined each factor’s final weight and score in the final step. In this research, the reliability of the research was controlled by developing a framework for the interviews, confirming the interviews, and analyzing the results. Also, interviews were conducted with people in different positions to witness pluralism among the participants. The compatibility rate index, which should be less than 0.1, was used to measure the reliability of the paired comparisons questionnaire.DiscussionReviewing the texts and interviews shows that one of the most frequent factors related to the topic of discussion is the infrastructure and facilities of the tourist destination. A destination with many tourist attractions may need proper facilities and infrastructure to attract tourists. There may need to be more than infrastructure and facilities to build a tourism brand, but their absence effectively dose not attract tourists. Naturally, when a destination does not have the most basic facilities, it will not attract tourists, so it can eventually become a tourism brand. According to the participants’ statements in the interview, the Oramanat region lacks the necessary facilities and quality infrastructure, and this issue can be a strong reason for emphasizing this factor.The second most important factor in international tourism branding is destination attractions. Indeed, this factor, like infrastructure and facilities, is not a reason for creating a tourism brand. Every destination must have attractions to attract tourists: otherwise, it will not be a tourist destination. However, using these attractions as a prominent factor in brand building is effective. Especially if these attractions are specific to that destination, the destination brand can be formed by emphasizing that unique attraction. The destination brand is formed around its special attractions. One of the positive points of the Oramanat region is the existence of various historical, natural, and cultural attractions. The attractions alone are enough to use it in the destination brand, while Oramanat is a region rich in diverse and different tourist attractions.The first two factors, which were very important, are not directly involved in the branding process, but the marketing category is tied to branding and cannot be separated. The branding process is hidden in the marketing and advertising factor by looking at the concepts of this factor. Naturally, the destination should be evaluated at the beginning of the matter, and its potential capacities should be identified. By using a variety of marketing and advertising methods, its position should be established in the eyes of tourists as customers of the destination's tourism services. It is essential to use the unique features and attractions of the destination in advertising.One of the things that the experts mentioned about this factor and that was also available in the texts is the discussion of advertising and the use of different advertising methods due to the extensive advancement of technology. Using the multiple capacities of mass communication media and taking advantage of advanced technologies will be critical in building and introducing the destination brand. Regarding the Oramanat area, only a few advertising activities have been done. If something has been done, it has been scattered and limited, which has yet to impact significantly. Other factors also speed up the branding process according to the weight they have gained, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors and not ignore their influence.ConclusionIn general, among the above-known factors in the Oramanat region, the lack of quality infrastructure and facilities to provide services to tourists is considered a weakness, and it is necessary to plan and take adequate measures in this regard. Let the authorities do it. Various attractions in this region are also considered to have potential and strength, and it is better to evaluate these attractions and identify the attractions that can form the region’s leading brand. Then, the marketing specialists in the tourism industry design the marketing and advertising processes based on it and create the destination brand of Oramanat. It is evident that managerial, political, legal, sociocultural, and economic factors and tourists and agencies have played a significant role in forming the region’s brand, and these factors should be mobilized to play their role in branding Oramanat.

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: The forests of Zagros, as the most extensive and at the same time as the most damaged forests of the country, have been affected by the extensive decline of oak trees in recent years, and in this sense, they are in a critical conditions. Decline of oak trees is described as a wide and complex phenomenon that causes a decrease in growth and physiological weakness followed by the attack of pathogenic agents. As sustainability of these forests is now facing a serious problem, proper management strategies are required to deal with the decline phenomenon, before these valuable ecosystems are completely destroyed. The implementation of such strategies necessitates collecting basic information, including map of the decline distribution and the extent of the lost biomass of trees as a result of decay. The purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of biomass on the above-ground in dead oak trees as a result of the decline of Zagros forests, which was carried out in the forests of Dadabad region of Lorestan province. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in Dadabad forests located in the southwest of Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran. To achieve this purpose, 40 dried trees were randomly selected and biometric parameters including diameter at knee height, diameter at breast height, as well as height and crown diameter were measured. Different parts of the tree were fragmented, dried, and weighed. Using regression analysis, the biomass of different parts was modeled against the independent variables of diameter at knee height, diameter at breast height, crown height, and diameter. Finally, at the area of 32 hectares of the forest stand, a 100% inventory was conducted, and different characteristics of all Iranian oak trees were measured. Results: The results of the research declared that strong relationships can be established to estimate the biomass of Iranian oak trees. The result of fitting linear and non-linear models to estimate the biomass of this tree species showed that if the average diameter of the tree crown was used as an independent variable, the more suitable model was the power model with an explanation coefficient of 0.857. Also, the validity results of the model or the value of RMSE% for the obtained equation was 9.082%. The total biomass in the study area was 389.994 tons, of which 39.54%, i.e. 154.226 tons, of the area's biomass was lost under decline phenomenon. Conclusion: The results indicated that in the comparison between linear and non-linear regression models, the best model for estimating the biomass of this species was the power model based on the average diameter of the crown with R2=0.857. In general, using the average diameter of the crown as an estimator variable for the Iranian oak species can suggest a better and more appropriate assessment of the above-ground biomass of these trees.

Background: Different sport exercises may have different effects on the control and treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent studies related to the effect of different sports activities on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Persian and Latin databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran and SID were searched using the keywords, including exercise training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, aerobic training and combined training to retrieve published papers during 2010-2022. Results: In total, out of 140 papers in the initial screening, 35 papers were finally reviewed. Aerobic exercises and especially high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have faster effects in the process of controlling and reducing blood sugar in patients, however, the positive effects of resistance exercises remain for a longer period. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of various types of sport exercises in controlling the glycemic indices of patients with type 2 diabetes have been proven. However, the present study showed that the beneficial effects of resistance exercises compared to endurance exercises can last for a longer period. Thus, it is suggested that sport medicine experts should pay attention to the importance of the type and form of sport exercises when presenting exercise programs to patients.

Background: Different sport exercises may have different effects on the control and treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent studies related to the effect of different sports activities on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Persian and Latin databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran and SID were searched using the keywords, including exercise training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, aerobic training and combined training to retrieve published papers during 2010-2022. Results: In total, out of 140 papers in the initial screening, 35 papers were finally reviewed. Aerobic exercises and especially high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have faster effects in the process of controlling and reducing blood sugar in patients, however, the positive effects of resistance exercises remain for a longer period. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of various types of sport exercises in controlling the glycemic indices of patients with type 2 diabetes have been proven. However, the present study showed that the beneficial effects of resistance exercises compared to endurance exercises can last for a longer period. Thus, it is suggested that sport medicine experts should pay attention to the importance of the type and form of sport exercises when presenting exercise programs to patients.

Background and purpose: Dental and skeletal features, unlike soft tissues, remain unchanged in events where most body tissues are destroyed such as car accidents, plane crash, crimes, etc. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs can provide useful information about dental and cephalometric indicators in human identification. Materials and methods: A cohort retrospective study was carried out in five stages, including collecting the samples, using a specific tooth counting system, identifying the landmarks in panoramic radiographs and designing a dental formula, designing anatomical formula with cephalometric indicators and identifying operator errors, and matching and data analysis. Results: We studied 180 people, including 97 (54%) women and 83 men aged 15-59 (mean age= 25.5) years in Tehran. Average indexes of missing (M), filled (F), Root Canal Therapy (RCT) teeth, crown (C), (Body/Go-Go), (Mf-Mf/Mf-Go(R+L)), De, P, ER, Go in lateral Cephalometry, SNA, SNB, Basal, N-Ans-Me, Ans-Pns/Go-Me, and S-Go/N-Me were not significantly different between cases by comparing the graphs before and after treatments (P>0.05). Examination of average indices of implant and dilacerated teeth in general and without considering the number of teeth, did not show a significant difference when the pre/post-treatment graphs were compared (P>0.05). In examining the Co-Ans/Co-Gn, Go in panoramic graph, (S-N/S-Ba) and S-N-Ba, no significant difference was observed between the cases (P>0.05). Conclusion: Panoramic, lateral cephalometric graphs and designing creative formula can be used in human identification.

Background: The body position change, as a common intervention in the intensive care unit (ICU), may affect endotracheal tube cuff pressure changes.Aim: This study investigated the effect of body position change and vital signals on endotracheal tube cuff pressure in children after bidirectional Glenn shunt surgery.Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 29 children with an oral endotracheal tube hospitalized in the ICU after Glenn shunt surgery. The endotracheal tube cuff pressure was measured at the patient’s bed placed at a 30-degree angle. Other positions included right and left lateral in bed at a 30° upward angle as well as right and left lateral in bed angle at a 45° angle, respectively. The measurements were repeated every 10 min three times in different positions. Vital signals were measured in each group. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.Results: The results showed a significant relationship (P

To evaluate the effect of different nitrogen splitting on yield and some eco-physiological traits of two maize cultivars (SC 704 and maxima) under normal irrigation and stress conditions an experiment was performed as a factorial split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors include irrigation at two levels: Normal irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm evaporation from Class A pan) and stress (irrigation after 120 mm evaporation) and nitrogen split at four levels (50% after emergence + 50% after 8 leaves, 33% after emergence + 33% after 8 leaves + 33% after appearance of tassel, 25% after emergence + 50% after 8 leaves + 25% after appearance of tassel and 25% after emergence + 25% after 8 leaves + 50% after the appearance of tassel) and cultivar as sub-factor at two levels (single cross cultivar 704 and Maxima cultivar) were considered.Normal irrigation with an average of 10351 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield, which was 26% higher than stress conditions. N3 treatment with an average of 9541 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield compared to other treatments. Due to the improvement of physiological traits and yield, the use of single cross 704 with N3 treatment under water restriction condition in summer is recommended.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of attention-focused Plays on the attention and impulsivity of students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The design of this research was quasi experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of all boy students with ADHD in Shahrood, at 2016-17 academic years. The participants included 24 students who were selected through purposive sampling and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools were attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder rating scale, Conner's Behavioral Problem Questionnaire, teacher versions and parent version, and the Toulouse& Piron Comet Squares. The experiment group received training in 10 sessions 50 minutes, but the control group did not receive any interventions. One way and multiple variance analysis of covariance showed that the experimental group scores significantly decreased in the impulsivity variable and the range of attention in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. So, play therapy through increasing sensations focus may be effective in increasing attention and decreasing impulsivity of students with ADHD

Background and Objective: The most logical decision to take into account when manufacturing a device is the application of the ergonomic principles in the design stage. One of the main goals of computer application in ergonomics is to develop a tool that allows the product to be evaluated at the beginning of the design process. This study aimed to evaluate the ergonomics of a powder paint spraying station and present a new design using Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a paint spraying unit at a home appliance manufacturing factory. The digital model of the posture with the most deviation from the normal posture was simulated in the CATIA software. After evaluation by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method, the biomechanical analysis was performed on the human model. Finally, based on the results of the RULA, ergonomic interventions were performed in the software, and the new workstation was re-evaluated in this study. Results: The final score of evaluating the color spray posture showed that the posture was at level four. This indicated the necessity of corrective measures and immediate changes. In this posture, the position of the forearm, muscles, wrists, arms, legs, upper body, and neck was inappropriate. Proposed interventions included the change of seat design and the weight adjustment of the spray gun. Conclusion: The results show that musculoskeletal problems can be significantly resolved by focusing on the organs that are under pressure and providing an ergonomic design prepared by CATIA software to reduce the pressure.

Nowadays, people use others' opinions on social networks for decision-making to purchase online products and services. Likewise, the companies which offer the products employ sentiment analysis of opinions of users and customers to adopt informed decisions and offer new products. Considering the high volume of the contextual data, conversion, and analysis of such data is a major challenge in e-commerce. Sentiment analysis is a modern approach in the extraction of opinions. The obtained information from sentiment analysis can have a considerable impact on the efficient selection of customers. In the present study, a model has been proposed for sentiment analysis of users' opinions for buying a cell phone in Digikala. This study is applicable to the objective aspect. The data includes users' opinions in Digikala. The statistical sample consists of opinions of cell phone users in Digikala. Supervised learning, as well as Python package, were utilized for analysis and implementation. A model has been proposed for sentiment analysis of users' opinions. The results demonstrate that this model can classify users' opinions with an accuracy equal to 0.892. Similarly, the results reveal that users' opinions about ease of use, possibilities, and capabilities of the cell phone are positive and about purchase value to price, innovation, design and appearance, and quality of cell phones are negative. The proposed model can be implemented in e-commerce websites like Digikala and its output can be observed by users systematically. Finally, it can be led to inform decision-making for buyers and companies which offer products.

Extended Abstract Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide a basic model for a Talent Management System (TMS). In the present study, by conducting a systematic review and critisizing talent management models, it is tried to provide a fundamental theoretical model that be suitable for all organizations with any structure. The findings of the research showed that TMS should include at least three key items of attraction & selection, training & development and retaining. Introduction Talented employees are key sources of success and the power of competitive advantage in any organization. Therefore, many organizations are focused on hiring, developing and retaining them. Retention and managing the talents help companies succeed and play a key role in retaining market leadership and development. In recent years, various models of talent management have been presented, most of which, show merely an ideal talent management condition regardless of the actual circumstances of the organization. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop a comprehensive conceptual model and do an overview of existing talent management research. Therefore, a comprehensive and extensive literature review of talent management is developed. Moreover, there is no consensus among academics on definition of talent and talent management. According to the literature review, we define talent as follows: “A person with specific abilities (knowledge, skills, experience) who is committed to his or her job and helps the organization achieve its goals.” Talent management is “identifying key posts and analyzing the talent gap to meet the shortage of labor market demand and then the process of recruiting and selecting, training and developing, and retaining current and future employees”. Methodology In this research, a systematic review is done and models of talent management are studied and a fundamental theoretical pattern for organizations with any type of structure is presented. For this purpose, to identify and extract papers, systematic review was limited to two databases, including Scopus and The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Both databases have reliable sources and are used in a large number of studies. Then, through a systematic review, studies that focused on the design of a talent management model (2006–2018) and had a non-empirical or semi-empirical nature were extracted and reviewed. Therefore, theses, editor's notes, book chapters and books were not included in this review. Due to a common process, conference papers were also ignored. In this research, the term "talent management" was used for systematic review. In total, the articles related to the study of talent management design consisted of 37 articles, 31 of which were removed due to overlap (similar items), finally the talent management model based on 6 articles, all of which were published in the most prestigious international journals, were selected. Discussion and conclusion According to the research findings, each of the talent management models had a number of shortcomings, including not mentioning some dimensions and components of talent management (i.e. recruitment and selection, training and development, maintenance, evaluation, gap analysis and where do the organizations select the talents they needed) in some of the models. Moreover, in some papers, they focused on talented people and ignored other employees. Based on the research findings, the organization's sensitive positions must firstly be identified and qualifications be matched to these positions. Then, it is suggested to evaluate the talents inside the organization and outside the organization and provide a pool of the talents needed by organization. After the talent pool is formed, the organization will provide the right people with the key posts from the talent pool. Likewise, in designing a talent management systems’ map for the organization, all three key components of talent management model (i.e. recruitment and selection, training and development, and retention) should be considered and emphasized in HR planning. Finally, it is suggested to organizations in different industries to focus their attention on providing the conditions and improving these components.

Psychological contract is defined as the belief of employees about the extent to which the organization adheres to its commitments in employment relationships. The mechanism that explains the relationship between the fulfillment of various types of psychological contracts (transactional, relational and ideological) and behavioral outcomes, has received less attention so far. Therefore, based on the social exchange theory and positive norm of reciprocity, the conceptual model of the present study was formed. This paper focused on the mediating role of employee engagement in the relationship between fulfilment of psychological contract (PC) types and outcome behaviors (i.e., organization citizenship behavior, counter-productive behavior). The sample of this cross-sectional study included hospital nurses (N=338) in Iran. First, the measurement model of study was confirmed using Amos package and then Macro PROCESS v.4 in SPSS which is based on bootstrapping method, was used to analyze the data and investigate the mediation variable. The results confirmed the mediating role of employee engagement in the link between fulfillment of all three types of PC and both outcome behaviors. The results and research suggestions taken from the results are provided at the end.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of cognitive abilities of students based on the Nejati Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (2013) and offer a model for its structure. The sample size consisted of 1105 students (527 girls, 578 boys) of the 9th grade of Ahwaz, selected by proportional stratified random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using multidimensional item response theory (MIRT), structural equation modeling and simulated data. The results of exploratory dimensionality analysis showed that the initial structure of the cognitive ability questionnaire for students was not confirmed. The redesigned 21-item questionnaire was named as the two-dimensional scale of social-nonsocial cognitive abilities and the validity and reliability of the dimensions and the obtained factors were confirmed. The new scale showed that although the structure of cognitive abilities is hierarchical, it is not a unidimensional structure and contains at least two dimensions of non-social cognition and social cognition. Also, our findings showed that Spearman's theory of general intelligence or factor g cannot accurately represent the structure of cognitive abilities and social cognition needs to be considered as a dimension of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, our results also support the findings of some studies that non-social cognition and social cognition constitute two different dimensions of cognitive abilities.

Background: The use of new technologies has positive and negative effects on human society. Loudspeakers and sound systems can also make harm to humans and noise pollution. Shiite religious ceremonies have special religious occasions in addition to the five prayers and religious lectures. The high performance of audio systems in mourning applications requires proper use of this technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the sound pressure level in religious centers and on various religious occasions in mosques and chapels of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Material and methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the sound pressure level was surveyed in all active mosques and chapels at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. To determine the sound pressure level distribution, TES 1358 was used to measure the noise level. Conclusions:The mean sound pressure levels in the endowment, lecture, and mourning ceremonies were 87.14, 90.31 and 93.91 dB respectively. Comparison of the sound pressure level in the A-weighting network in a mourning ceremony with the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization standards showed a significant difference (P-value = 0.013). Discussion:Since the average time for holding religious ceremonies and celebrations is up to 2 hours, the audio players and design of the interiors should be adjusted to a maximum sound pressure level of 80 dB. Keywords:Sound Pressure Level, Mosques, Religious Ceremonies, University of Medical Sciences

Recommender systems are important tools for users to identify their preferred items and for businesses to improve their products and services. In recent years, the use of online services for selection and reservation of hotels have witnessed a booming growth. Customer’ reviews have replaced the word of mouth marketing, but searching hotels based on user priorities is more time-consuming. This study is aimed at designing a recommender system based on the explicit and implicit preferences of the customers in order to increase prediction’s accuracy. In this study, we have combined sentiment analysis with the Collaborative Filtering (CF) based on deep learning for user groups in order to increase system accuracy. The proposed system uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) and supervised classification approach to analyze sentiments and extract implicit features. In order to design the recommender system, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) was used to improve scalability. The results show that our proposed method improves CF performance.

Abstract Early Islamic centuries (1st to 3rd A.H) are significant in every scholarly study of different periods in Iranian history due to their intense transformation and profound developments within the Iranian society and also the encounter of Zoroastrian and Islamic worldviews and different methods of resistance against Arab domination. Zoroastrianism, as a religion, lost its dominant position and was gradually replaced by Islam. Thus, maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian society became the main concern of the Zoroastrian priests, which can evidently be witnessed in apocalyptic texts of Zoroastrian faith. Accordingly, resistance against Arab invaders lost its initial violence and political fervor and took in a new momentum in the form of maintaining the integrity of Zoroastrian religion and society and concentration on the doomsday and spiritual salvation. Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts contained teachings that tried to adapt different fields of life in Iranian society facing spread of Islam and the Arab domination of Iran. Although the history of these texts returns to oral narratives before Sasanians, but after the transition of Iranian society from oral literature to Sasanian writing literature and the compilation of Zoroastrian texts in Islamic period, the writing of apocalyptic texts also became important. By reviewing these texts, it would be possible to find out important political and social changes of Iranian society in the first Islamic centuries. Within this framework, the rise of non-Zoroastrian Iranian movements during the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.H against the Caliphate were deemed as a dangerous heresy and a serious challenge to Zoroastrian social identity and were vehemently criticized in Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts. In other words, in the condition that there was no hope for Zoroastrian government to be restored, the preservation of the religious integrity of the people became a concern for the Zoroastrian clergy that became an apocalyptic cultural model, which was threatened by political and religious movements such as Behāfarīd, Abu Muslim and Bābak uprisings (that had a sectarian or non-Zoroastrian nature) in addition to the Arabs and the caliphate. Since these texts were written and analyzed at the same time as political events, it can be said that apocalyptic literature has been partly indicative of the reaction of Zoroastrian society to its events. In the other words, the suppression of local sustainability along the lack of belief of society towards the fall of Sasanian provided the necessary grounds for the emergence of apocalyptic literature and its related teachings. These teachings opposed all political and religious actions which were challenging for Zoroastrians in order to preserve their social identity in that difficult and complicated condition. Regardless of the social, political, and religious aspects of the movements, their leaders sought to combine the ideas of ancient religion in order to gain support of different groups of people who were incompatible from religious point of view. But this led to their defeat and the emergence of numerous religious and political sects, which themselves were the heritage of contradictions and enhanced intellectual and cultural tensions. From the point of view of the Zoroastrian apocalyptic texts, these movements were not only in the interest of the national and religious interests of the Zoroastrian community, but also threatened their coherence and integrity. The emergence of such movements, especially in the second and third centuries A.H, showed that despite the emphasis of the Zoroastrian clergy on the refusal of the Zoroastrians to cooperate with them, a wide range of society, hoping to escape Arab domination or to improve its economic conditions and social status accompanied these movements. Regardless of the political results of the movements, which often failed, its harmful consequences in the vulnerability of Zoroastrian community's unity and solidarity should be mentioned. In apocalyptic Zoroastrian texts, the leaders of these movements, such as Abu Muslim and Bābak, were condemned and their uprising was mentioned as apocalyptic catastrophe. On the other hand, the beliefs of the followers of Abu Muslim and Bābak as the promised saviors shows domination of apocalyptic thoughts in Iranian society in that period. On the other words, viewpoint of some Iranians towards Abu Muslim, Bābak and other leaders of movements against caliphate as religious leaders and promised saviors, was influenced by apocalyptic concepts of Zoroastrianism such as expectation and emergence of a savior. This paper aims to study the evolutions in the first Islamic centuries from Zoroastrian world-view in Iranian society, applying written evidence from 11th century (A.D), with descriptive and analytical method.

Background and objectives: Corrosion and Scaling in distribution network pipes is one of the most important indices in water quality evaluation and one of the most common environmental phenomena that deteriorate water quality, color, odor, taste and also increases the concentration of heavy metals in water. Corrosion causes entry of bye-products to water and decreases pipe life and sedimentation, reduces the flow rate and the efficiency of valves and fittings. The purpose of this study was to determine the corrosion or Scaling state of drinking water in Mashhad in 2017. Material and methods: In this study, 72 samples were taken during 2017 to evaluate water quality characteristics, and analyzed based on the standard methods. Then, three indices including Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices were programmed in Excel software and based on this, Corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water were determined. Results: Results showed that the averages of Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices for water were 0.14±0.48, 6.67±0.38 and 12.23±0.23, respectively. According to the Langlier and Ryznar indices, 86.1% of total samples had low scaling potential and according to Aggressive index 97.2% of total samples had scaling. Also, the results showed that 58.33% of the samples were low scaling in spring and other samples were high scaling. In addition, in the summer, 33.3% of the total samples were high scaling and other samples were low scaling. Conclusion: The results showed that drinking water of Mashhad city was Scaling. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to control scaling in distribution network pipes, especially in areas located in high scaling zones.

Background and purpose: Styrene, one of the most important compounds of VOCs, causes some health concern. In current study, the ability of ZSM5, TiO2/ZSM5, UV/ ZSM5, and UV/TiO2/ZSM5 methods was investigated in removing styrene from air synthetic current. Materials and methods: In order to synthesize the zeolite and TiO2-coated zeolite, the sol-gel and saturation methods were employed, respectively. In this study, the effect of the type of removal process, saturation time and initial pollutant concentration were investigated on the removal of styrene in a photoreactor. Phocheck device with direct reading system was applied to determine the output concentration. Also, SEM, XRD, EDX, and BET analyses were used to characterize the chemical and physical properties of ZSM5, and TiO2/ZSM5. Results: SEM analysis showed that zeolite has a crystal form, and TiO2 successfully covered the surface of this compound. In addition, the EDX analysis demonstrated that a great part of zeolite structural includes Al and Si constituents. The XRD pattern showed the presence of attached TiO2 in the zeolite structure. BET analysis revealed that the surface area of zeolite decreased when TiO2 was coated on its surface. The order of increase in removal efficiency was as follows: UV/TiO2/ZSM5 > ZSM5> TiO2/ZSM5. The saturation time of ZSM5 and TiO2/ZSM5 in the 300 ppm concentration was 370 and 280 min, respectively, while the outlet concentration in the UV/TiO2/ZSM5 method was fixed at 74% removal efficiency after elapsing 310 min. The increment of time exposure and initial styrene concentration also led to decrease in removal efficiency. Conclusion: In this study application of UV/TiO2/ZSM5 process provided a higher efficiency of the styrene removal than that of TiO2/ZSM or ZSM5 in the same time.

Introduction Talent management can be described as the process through which organizations anticipate their talents needs and is the critical factor in the success of organizations, as well as one of the most important and challenging challenges of human capital in the 21st century which has a growing trend. Despite many studies of talent management in recent years, existing knowledge about this concept is limited in countries with developing economies. On the other hand, most articles in this field are conceptual and few empirical studies have been done. As a result, investigating talent management using an empirical approach, in a private context (Khash Cement Company), is important that the present study addresses. One of the ways organizations use to maintain talents is the creation of cohesion and communication between the workforce in the organization, which in the field of management and social science is called social capital. In the absence of social capital, other assets of the organization, including human capital, loses its effectiveness and rushes through the paths of cultural and economic development, ruggedness and difficulty. In this research, the role of social capital in improving talent management is experimentally investigated. Theoretical framework Social capital values people's relationships and often this logical relationship is lost in HR management. It is expected that social relationships will enhance identity and cognition, and network structures will facilitate the talent management process in the organization. Considering the existing models related to talent management, in this research, the following dimensions are considered as components of talent management (Ahmadi et al., 2012): Recruitment, The system of evaluation and discovery of talents, Development and improvement, Retention. Moreover, social capital consisted three dimensions named: relational, cognitive, and structural (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998) Methodology The research method is applied and the technique of data analysis is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Khash Cement Factory, which was 274 people. According to Morgan table, 160 people were selected by simple random sampling. Data Analysis and Findings In this research, the second-generation method of structural equation modeling (e.g. partial least squares method (PLS)) is used. Fittness of measurement model Fit the model is examining the difference between the proposed model and the actual model. In order to measure the fittness of the model, factor loadings of the measurement model were first calculated and all were more than 0.5 that are suitable. 1) Cronbach's alpha and Combined Reliability The PLS method uses a more modern benchmark than alpha, known as Combined Reliability (CR). The values for both criteria in this study was higher than 0.7, which indicates that the model is reliable. 2) Convergent Validity The second criterion is fitness of measurement model. This criterion (AVE) represents the average of the variance shared between each structure with its own indices, and the greater the correlation, the greater is the fitness. The mean value of the extracted variance (AVE) is always greater than 0.5 and the combined value of the combined reliability (CR) is greater than AVE, so convergent validity is also confirmed. 3) Divergent Validity The third measurement criterion of fitting of the measurement model is discriminant validity. It uses correlation matrix (Fornell-Larcker). This matrix is the ratio of a structure to its indexes in comparison of its structure with other structures. This matrix has acceptable divergent validity if the numbers in the original diameter are greater than the values below its original diameter. The results of this matrix confirmed the suitable divergent validity. Fittness of the structural model 1)Z significant coefficients (t-values) The first criterion for measuring the relationship between structures is in the significant t-values. Significant coefficients indicate whether the research hypotheses are meaningful or not? Path coefficients of the variables are outside the absolute magnitude range of 1.96, so at the level of 95% confidence, the relationships between the variables is significant and research hypotheses are confirmed. 2)R2 criterion A measure used to connect the measurement part and the structural part of the structural equation modeling and indicates the effect that an exogenous variable has on an intrinsic variable. Except two dimensions (evaluation and absorption), R2 values were above 0.67 that are considered strong. 3)Q2 criterion This criterion, determines the predictive power of the model in the model's intrinsic structures. The values of this criterion for most variables are higher than 0.35 and represent the strong predictive power of the model. Overall Model fit (The goodness of Fit (GOF)) In Partial Least Squares, this criterion is the most important index of model fit, and by this criterion, the fit of the general model of structural equations is controlled. The results show that the value of this criterion is higher than 0.36 which indicates the overall and robust fit of the model (the success of the model tested in the prediction of latent variables). Testing research hypotheses After reviewing the fitting of the structural and overall measurement model, the researcher is allowed to test the hypotheses and report the research findings. Discussion and Conclusion The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital in talent management systems in Khash Cement Company. The role of social capital as a influential factor for describing the relative success of the companies is confirmed by a large number of scientists. The results of this research also show that the improvement of social capital in the organization influences the development of talent management process. The existence of social capital in an organization and the effective interaction among individuals will improve talent management (attraction, assessment and discovery of talent, development, training, and retention). However, to generalize the results of talent management studies from one country or context to another, it is necessary to pay attention to conditions such as economical and social circumstances.

Background and Aims: Making dental prostheses is sensitive and accurate work and requires powerful and skilled hands. Because of this, the dental prosthesis technicians may suffer harmful effects such as stress and fatigue during the course. The aim of this study was to investigate fatigue, stress and job performance and their relationship with some demographic variables in this community. Materials and Methods: The present study was cross-sectional and done in 2016. The study population was a group of dental prosthesis technicians that had participated in a national congress in Tehran. Sampling was done by census Two standardized questionnaires on the subjects of fatigue and stress which were distributed among 100 female and male participants and sampling was done by census. Then, the obtained data was analyzed using SPSS16 software and applying descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and ANOVA, T-test. Results: From the 100 samples, there were 16 females and 84 males with mean age 34.71±7.90 and average work experience of 10.82± 9.01 years. 82 percent of the subjects were married and 42 percent of them were smokers. The results showed that 100 percent of dental prostheses technicians were facing with moderate to severe stresses. The stress and fatigue scores in married ones were higher than the single ones. The results showed a significant relationship between smoking, stress, and fatigue scores (P

Background and Aim: Today, OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dosimetry system based on optical stimulation, includes systems that can meet many requirements for radiation protection in the field of medicine and space. The Calcium Sulfide (CaS) is one of the earthchr('39')s alkaline sulfide materials which can be used as a detector in this system. In this research, some of the dosimetry properties of CaS doped with Cerium, (Ce), and Samarium, (Sm) elements were investigated as OSL dosimeter sensor. Materials and Methods: First, attenuation of x-rays through the sensors were analyzed and the absorbed dose rate was evaluated using MCNP code. After calcium sulfide tablets were fabricated and their concentration optimized, the maximum waiting time prior to readout was obtained. In addition, the repeatability and linear response of the detector were determined as a function of CaS concentration. Results: Eight minutes after radiation exposure of detectors, the detection output signals became stable. This stability was monitored for at least 30 minutes after irradiation. The repeatability in measurements was observed within the dose ranges of 100 to 860 mGy. The dosimeter response was observed linear over this dose ranges. Conclusion: According to the above-observed results and statistical evaluations, one can conclude that the CaS:Ce,Sm crystal is a proper sensor for OSL dosimeter systems in medicine and space studies.

Background: However, the increasing advances in technology have greatly reduced the physical presence of manpower in the workplace, but in many work environments, man is still the most important and, at the same time, the most critical element. A slightest human error due to unsafe actions in most of occupational environments, can lead to a disaster. Material and method: The current qualitative case study was conducted to identify and evaluate human error in the entire mine's related tasks in 2016. In the first section of this study all the tasks were studied using HTA and then related possible errors were assessed using ATHEANA method. Results: HTA technique proved that mining operations were composed of 9 main tasks and the explosion being analyzed as the main scenario.According to ATHEANA technique the possibility of human error for each of basic event was calculated as 0.001.Due to the fact that there were 13 base events and the occurrence probability of each of them was estimated at 0.001, finally the total possibility of human error in mining operations was calculated to be 0.013. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the explosion in a mine has five sub-tasks that spark of cigarette wrappers, hand grasping and the inappropriateness of size and material, respectively, with the probability of defect of 0.004 and 0.003 were most probable errors. Therefore, it is recommended that managers and authorities take the necessary measures in order to protect the health of them and reduce the risk of human error and environmental conditions.

The AquaCrop model improves farm management practices, including plant density, planting time, and chemical fertilizers. It also simulates crop yield, soil water content, soil salinity, and water productivity. One of the applications of this model is the assessment of rainfed production during the long term, the effect of low fertilization, the productivity of real water on the farm, and the analysis of future climate scenarios. The disadvantages of this model include the lack of calibration of the amount and time of fertilization and the lack of consideration of plant diseases and weeds (Raes et al., 2009). The AquaCrop model is suitable for simulating different water and nitrogen managements on yield (Khoshravesh et al., 2012). Ebrahimi, Rezaverdinejad and Majnooni Heris (2015) evaluated the AquaCrop model under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer managements for estimating maize grain yield and biomass in Shiraz. This model predicted the grain yield of maize with high precision and biomass obtained in all treatments was more than the estimated values. Alishiri, Paknejad and Aghayari (2014) in simulating sugarbeet growth under different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer concluded that the highest error in performance simulation was in the treatment that had the highest fertilizer stress. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for estimating the crop grain yield (GY) and biomass (B) of Canola under different irrigation regimes and pure nitrogen fertilizer levels in loamy soils in Gazvin, Iran, for two years.

One of the issues in complex organizations is management of personnel movements. On the one hand, personnel tend to change their positions from one sector of organization to another part or from one post to another post or move to another branch of the organization in a new city. On the other hand, administrators reposition personnel inside an organization to avoid burnout and facilitate dynamic improvement of the organization. But internal movement inside an organization is faced with challenges, such that it should not cause any posts to be vacant and this requires access to a great deal of information about human resources of the organization and the need to processing them. In this study, we propose an algorithm using market design theory that permits managers to efficiently manage internal movement of human resources. This algorithm was developed by TTCC method and programmed in C# language. To demonstrate the accuracy of proposed algorithm, we applied it to a hypothetical organization with 2325 personnel, 155 branches and 400 internal movement requests. Simulation shows that proposed algorithm increases internal movement of human resources by 11% and help human resource management of organization to be more effective.

Micropalaeontological study based on planktonic foraminifera in the Cenomanian - Turonian succession of the Holul section, located in the Lurestan geological province (west of the Kermanshah City), resulted in distinction of Rotalipora cushmani, Whiteinella archaeocretacea and Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica biozones. Whiteinella archaeocretacea biozone globally defines the Cenomanian - Turonian transition. Detection of this biozone in the Holul section could be a clue for continuous sedimentation of the Cenomanian - Turonian transition in the studied stratigraphic section. Elongated chambers planktonic foraminifera such as Muricohedbergella simplex are relatively common during time span of Whiteinella archaeocretacea biozone in the Holul stratigraphic section. Results of the isotopical analysis in the studied section indicates an increasing - decreasing trend from the top of Rotalipora cushmani to the base of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica biozones including two positive shifts before and after Whiteinella archaeocretacea biozone that can be correlated with carbon isotope peaks of OAE2 in the Neotethys Basin.

Abstract Supply of manpower is one of the main tasks of human resource management in each organization and other management tasks will be done correctly when the competent manpower exist. Due to the importance of manpower in organizations, the main purpose of this study is to identify the bases for attraction of manpower in the Medical Science University of Birjand city. Introduction Universities, as the main centers of knowledge production, research and science, are important in every community and play a significant role in the development of each region. Accordingly, they require planning for the recruitment of specialized workforce. Therefore, identifying the factors that encourage knowledge workers to join the organizations is crucial. There is only a handful of studies that focused to this issue specially in Iran and this study is first to investigate it on a university context. Case study The population of this study is employees of Medical Science University of Birjand City Materials and Methods Using judgmental sampling, 143 of employees of Medical Science University of Birjand City were selected as sample of study. The is an applied study that used descriptive - survey method. In order to evaluate the variables on the attraction system of manpower one-sample t-test was used. Discussion and Results The results show, organizational climate, job characteristics, work conditions and environment, have the most favorable status than other variables, and salary and benefits, social responsibility have the least favorable status. The results of this study is in consistent with the findings of other studies (e.g. Uggerslev, et al., 2012; Chapman, & Mayers, 2015; Collins, & Stevens, 2001). Conclusion According to the results of study, it is recommended to senior managers to consider salary and benefits, social responsibility in decision making and determination of manpower recruitment strategies in Birjand University of Medical Sciences more than other variables. Moreover, to generalize the finding of this paper, future studies can use other population such as unemployed people or senior students that plan to join to labor market soon.

Bees are the major pollinators of angiosperms (flowering plants) in most ecosystems. Halictidae is second most diverse bee family in the world that pollinates rangeland plants, field crops, fodder and some horticultural plants. Regarding the importance of bees on pollination of flowering plants, collecting of the bees was conducted in Gorgan County (Golestan province, Iran) during flowering seasons in 2014-2015. Because of daylight activity, all bees were collected by sweep nets while they were searching for nectar and pollen. The halictid bee specimens were killed in glass or propylene jars containing chopped cork and ethyl acetate and then pinned. In the present study, descriptions of 21 halictid bee species belong to three subfamilies Rophitinae, Nomiinae, Halictinae, four genera Rophites, Pseudapis, Halictus, Lasioglossum and nine subgenera Rophitiodes, Nomiapis, Halictus, Hexataenites, Vestitohalictus, Seladonia, Lasioglossum, Evylaeus and Dialictus with photos of the most important characters of each species are provided for first time in Iran.

Nanostructured ZnAPSO-34 catalyst was successfully synthesized in stirring and static conditions via hydrothermal method. Effect of difference rpm of stirring on the crystallinity, morphology, surface area and catalytic performance of ZnAPSO-34 were investigated. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by various methods such as XRD, FESEM, BET and FTIR techniques. By increasing of stirring rpm, relative crystallinity initially increased and then reduced. By using of hydrothermal method under stirred conditions, nanoparticles of ZnAPSO-34 with narrow particle size distribution were produced. The synthesized catalysts were applied in methanol to ethylene and propylene process and effect of synthesis conditions on catalytic performance was investigated. The synthesized sample at 300 rpm exhibited the longer lifetime than the other samples. Moreover, methane formation for this sample was low.

Extended Abstract Innovation plays an important role in the economic development of individuals, organizations and societies and those who do not keep pace with the rapid changes would probably fail to prosper (Liao, Fei & Liu, 2008: 185). Knowledge sharing is one of the most important factors that leads to innovation. When employees share their knowledge with coworkers, learning opportunities’ possibility increases (Zhou & Li, 2012: 1904). Organizational learning capability is recognized as another important influential factor in organizational innovation (Sheng & Chien, 2016: 2302) and have a significant part in improving organizational performance (Chung, Yang & Huang, 2015, 1217). This study investigates the mediating role of organizational learning capability between knowledge sharing and organizational innovation capability. Case study The cases of study are all employees Agriculture Jihad of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, Zaveh and Mahvelat. Materials and Methods The population of study included all employees of Agriculture Jihad of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, Zaveh and Mahvelat and stratified sampling method was applied. The sample of study was determined 107 by Morgan table. The data was collected by three standard questionnaires developed by Chung et al (2015), Sheng and Chien (2016) and Hau, Kim, Lee, and Kim, (2013). Face validity of questionnaire was approved by several specialists. Construct validity was confirmed by average variance extracted (AVE) and transverse loads test. The reliability of questionnaire was approved by Cronbach's alpha and combination coefficient (Dillon- Goldstein). To investigate the reliability of items in partial least squares method, loading test was applied. Most items had loading factor higher than the minimum level 7/0. Normality of variables were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was performed using SMART-PLS. Conclusion The results of H1 indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational innovation capability. Therefore, managers of these organizations are recommended to take steps to strengthen knowledge sharing. According to the results of H2, organizational learning capability mediated the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation capability. It demonstrates Agriculture Jihad of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh, Zaveh and Mahvelat has considered organizational learning capability. Therefore, to improve the organization innovation capability, it is recommended to managers to define some plans for knowledge sharing between employees and use high organizational learning capability to increase innovation capability.

Background: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the spatial and statistical models to predict PM2.5 concentrations at ground level and at the macro scale in Mashhad. Methods: To investigate the status of air pollution in the metropolis of Mashhad air, three interpolating models including Ordinary Kriging (OK), Universal Kriging (UK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) were used. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) were employed to compare three models and choose the best one. As well as to select the most optimal conditions for the implementation of both OK and UK, used from Standardized RMSE. Results: The results showed that the highest monthly average of PM2.5 was belonged to September and “Sakhteman” station (95.1 μg/m3). Also, the lowest monthly average pollution had happened in "Torogh" station, in November (15.5 μg/m3). According to the data, the OK had the lowest RMSE (10.601) compared to the UK and IDW. Lower RMSE represents lower error between the predicted and measured values. So, OK model selected as better one in interpolation. Also, Judging by correlation coefficient (R2), the highest correlation belonged to OK compared to other two models. UK model showed a greater standard error of predicts than OK. The greatest standard errors of prediction were related to areas that have more distance from air pollution monitoring stations. Conclusion: it should be noted that the production and use of geo-referenced maps could quickly provide spatial analyses, and because it can be combined with GIS, the user is able to investigate the influence the various concentrations of contaminants.

The surface stress effects on electro-thermo-mechanical linear vibration of triple-walled boron nitride nano tube embedded in an elastic medium conveying fluid flow using nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for clamped-clamped boundary condition are investigated. The kinematic energy of fluid and nano tube, strain energy, the external work done due to the van der Waals forces, elastic medium, viscosity of fluid for nano tube, centripetal force of fluid for the inner layer of nano tube are obtained. Using energy method and applying Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations of motion for triple-walled boron nitride nano tube under surface stress effects are derived. To solve these equations, the differential quadrature method is used. Their research results show that the dimensionless natural frequency decreases with an increase in fluid velocity. Also the buckling phenomenon is occurred, when the dimensionless natural frequency is equal to zero, which the system loses its stability due to the divergence. It can be seen that the stability range increases with increasing the thickness and length to diameter due to surface stresses. This study may be useful to accurately measure the vibration characteristics of nanotubes conveying fluid flow and to design nanofluidic devices for detecting blood Glucose.

مقدمه: عفونت روتاویروسی عامل بسیاری از گاستروانتریت‌های حاد در بین کودکان زیر 5 سال در کشورهایی است که برنامه‌ی معمول واکسیناسیون روتاویروس را اجرا نکردند. هدف این مطالعه، مرور سیستماتیک شواهد موجود در زمینه‌ی کارایی و ایمنی دو واکسن روتاتک و روتاریکس می‌باشد. روش‌ها: یک مرور نظام‌مند بین کارآزمایی‌های بالینی تصادفی شده و مطالعات تجربی بر روی کودکان زیر 5 سال جمعیت عمومی انجام شده است. پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی پزشکی Medline، Ovid، Cochranel proquest، Scopus، DARE، HTA و NH SEED جستجو گردیدند. هتروژنیسیتی مطالعات با انجام متاآنالیز ارزیابی شد. به منظور برآورد تجمیعی کارایی واکسن روتاویروس (روتاریکس ®و روتاتک ®) از مدل تصادفی استفاده شده است و سوگرایی انتشار نیز با آزمون‌های Egger و Begg ارزیابی شد. یافته‌ها: 12 مطالعه مطابق با معیارهای ورود جهت تحلیل نهایی به دست آمد. برآورد ترکیبی کارایی برای تمام پیامدها برای روتاتک و روتاریکس به ترتیب 70/0 (85/0-65/0 :CI 95 درصد)، 80/0 (87/0-68/0 :CI 95 درصد) محاسبه گردید. نسبت خطر محاسبه شده‌ی عوارض در گروه مورد نسبت به گروه شاهد بین 20/1-83/0 قرار داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: واکسیناسیون روتاویروس سبب پیشگیری قابل توجهی از موارد حاد و غیر حاد اسهال روتاویروسی در کودکان می‌شود و می‌تواند بار قابل انتساب به بیماری را کاهش دهد. انجام مطالعات هزینه- اثربخشی برای اجرای برنامه‌ی معمول واکسیناسیون روتاویروس در ایران ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.

این مطالعه به بررسی توالی رسوبات کرتاسه زیرین شامل سازندهای سرچشمه و سنگانه در خاور منطقه کپه داغ ( برش چینه‏شناسی باغک) از نقطه نظر پالینولوژیکی می‏پردازد. بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده ، 25 جنس و 31 گونه داینوفلاژله شناسایی گردید. با توجه به داینوفلاژله‏های شناسایی شده و با استفاده از مطالعه فرامینیفرهای موجود در این برش سن بارمین پسین-آپتین پیشین برای سازند سرچشمه و سن آپتین میانی- آلبین میانی برای سازند سنگانه در برش چینه‏شناسی باغک تعیین گردید. تجمع داینوفلاژله‏های شناسایی شده در برش مورد مطالعه با بخشی از بیوزون Odontochitina operculata zone انطباق دارند. بررسی سه گروه اصلی از عناصر پالینولوژیکی (فیتوکلاست‏ها، پالینومورف‏های دریایی و مواد آلی فاقد ساختمان) و نتایج حاصل از مطالعه آماری فاکتورهای مؤثر بر درجه حفظ شدگی مواد ارگانیکی مانند فاکتور حفاظت از مواد ارگانیکی (Lability) و نسبت پالینومورف های دریایی به AOM و همینطور نسبت AOM شفاف به AOM تیره نشان می دهد نرخ رسوب‌گذاری و میزان اکسیژن محیط متغیر بوده و از سمت سازند سرچشمه به سمت سازند سنگانه عمق محیط افزایش یافته و شرایط کم انرژی تر و آرام تر و با میزان کمتری از اکسیژن بر محیط رسوبی غالب گشته است. داینوفلاژله های شاخص محیط رسوبی نیز نشان می دهند که سازندهای سرچشمه و سنگانه در محیط نرتیک داخلی تا نرتیک خارجی نهشته شده اند.

Background and Objectives : The risk of coronary artery disease increases with increasing of blood pressureboth in hypertensive and normotensive persons on the other hand nutritional factors have asignificant effect on blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to assess theeffect of caffeine on blood pressure in sedentary healthy male during resistance exercise. Methods: In single-blind crossover study , twenty healthy and non-athlete male in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili randomly selected and stratified according to age and BMI into twogroups: caffeine and placebo. The subjects performed repetitions to exhaustion at 60% of 1RM for any motion of chest press, leg press, squat and lat pulldown, 1 hour after taking caffeine (6 mg/kg body weight) or Placebo (similar dosage of starch). Blood pressure (BP) was measured before and 1 hour after taking caffeine and also immediately after any exercise. Data analysis was conducted using independent and paired t-test. Results : Results indicated that systolic and diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure significantly elevated following caffeine intake at rest, but no significant differences were observed after exercise. Conclusion: These findings indicate that caffeine at this dosage level alters cardiovascular dynamics by augmenting arterial blood pressure in moderately non-athletes male at rest. However, it seems that taking caffeine before resistance exercise does not cause abnormal elevations in blood pressure in sedentary healthy male.

This paper presents a new meta-heuristic solution to find the efficient frontier using the mean-variance approach. Portfolio optimization problem is a quadratic programming model and, changes to NP-hard if the number of assets and constraints has increased, and it cannot be solved using common mathematical methods in a reasonable time. Therefore, a heuristic or meta-heuristic algorithm should be used that is the appropriate solution. This paper optimizes portfolio using a new meta-heuristic algorithm called hunting search algorithm. To determine the strengths and precision of proposed algorithm, a case study is designed using Iran stock market data from 1/3/1389 to 1/3/1390 for big thirty companies. The proposed algorithm finds the efficient frontier precisely and in timely manner. To determine abilities of the algorithm, two verified examples, Hang Sang 31 and Dax100 are also solved with it. Results show that hunting search algorithm has a high speed and high accuracy in order to solve portfolio optimization problems, and it can be used to find the efficient frontiers in various portfolio optimization problems.

Introduction: The influenza vaccine is one of the controversial challenges in today's societies. Considering the importance of using the flu vaccine in preventing the spread of influenza virus, the Twitter network, as a rich source of data, provides suitable conditions for research in this field to examine the attitudes of different people about this vaccine. The results in one hand will help health authorities to make more comprehensive decisions on long-term health plans for people with an awareness of the attitude of individuals towards the flu vaccine; on the other hand, it is concerned with data miners. Method: In this review study, approximately 1.220.539 tweets have been gathered from the Twitter social network during a one month period and have been clustered by using Mallet software. Categorizing users and separating tweets have done with an appropriate approximation. The content and sentiments of the selected tweets were analyzed and the locations of the users were checked. Results: In sentiments analysis, 76.28% of the tweets had a positive weight, 1.87% was neutral, and 19.68% had negative weight, indicating a positive attitude about the influenza vaccine. The location of users showed the highest rate of sending tweets from Canada, Britain and the United States, and Asian countries, and in particular, Iran, had a very small percentage of it. Conclusion: The highest rate of positive tweets were respectively sent by ‘individual’, ‘health’, and ‘organization’ groups indicating the global acceptance of the influenza vaccine and the success of the global health organizations on vaccination.

To study the protein subunits and fractions of almond meal in comparison to soybean meal and cottonseed meal, two methods including SDS-Page electrophoresis and CNCPS were used in this research. The results of protein fractions according to CNCPS shows a significant difference (p

1-Introduction The Kopeh-Dagh as an inverted basin (Allen et al. 2003) is extended from the east of the Caspian Sea to NE Iran, north Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Following the closure of palaeo-Tethys in the Middle Triassic and the opening of Neo-Tethys during the early to middle Jurassic, the Kopeh-Dagh basin formed during the early to middle Jurasic. Sedimentation took place continuously from the Jurassic through the Neogene time in the Kopeh-Dagh basin (Afshar-Harb 1979). The first geological study on these strata was done by Amiranian oil company from 1937 to 1938. Many biological and stratigraphical studies had been carried on later on this basin. Kalantari (1969), Seyed-Emami (1980), Seyed-Emami and Aryai (1981), Seyed-Emami et al. (1984, 1994, 1996), Immel et al (1997), Raisossadat and Mousavi-Harami (2000), Raisossadat (2004, 2006) and Mahanipour et al. (2011) are among those who studied the biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cretaceous strata of this basin. In this paper we report on palynological and paleoecological data from two mid-Cretaceous formations (Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh) in Baghak section situated in eastern part of Kopeh-Dagh basin. 2-Materials and Methods Fifteen samples from the Sarcheshmeh and thirty five samples from Sanganeh formation were processed palynologically. The preparation method of Traverse, 2007 was used. Cold hydrochloric (20%) and hydrofluoric (50%) acids were used to dissolve carbonates and silicates. The residue was neutralized and centrifuged in ZnCl2 (specific gravity 1.9), then sieved at 15 um using a nylon mesh, and mounted on microscope slides using liquid Canada balsam. Three slides were made from each sample. The microscope slides were examined under a light microscope and the index dinocysts were photographed and presented in two plates. In order to study palynofacies, in each slide numbers of organic materials including phytoclasts, marine palynomorphs and non-structural organic materials were calculated in five purview and then the percent of each palynological elements were acquired. 3- Discussion, Results and Conclusion All of the 50 rock samples prepared have yielded dinofalgellate cysts. The assemblages recorded include such taxa as: Acomosphaera sp., Achomosphaera neptunii, Batioladinium sp., Bourkidinium granulatum, Cauca parva, Circulodinium sp., Circulodinium brevispinosum, Circulodinium distinctum, Cometodinium sp., Coronifera oceanica, Cribroperidinium sp., Cribroperidinium orthoceras, Florentinia sp., Florentinia cooksoniae, Florentinia mantelii, Glaphyrocysta sp., Gonyaulacysta sp., Gonyaulacysta polythyris, Hystrichosphaeridium sp., Kiokansium sp., Kiokansium polypes, Klithrosphaeridium sp., Muderongia sp., Muderongia tabulate, Odontochitina operculata, Oligosphaeridium complex, Oligosphaeridium poculum, Oligosphaeridium porosum, Oligosphaeridium totum, Paleoperidinium cretaceum, Prolixosphaeridium sp., Prolixosphaeridium parvispinium, Pseudoceratium sp., Pseudoceratium retusum, Pterodinium sp., Spiniferites sp., Spiniferites ramosus, Subtilisphaera sp., Systematophora sp., Tanyosphaeridium sp. (Plate 1-2). Based on the presence of the index dinoflagellate cyst, Odontochitina operculata throughout the entire section, it can be concluded that the first appearance of this species is before the first sample of the Sarcheshmeh Formation (sample 398) and therefore the identified dinoflagellate cysts are a part of the Odontochitina operculata Zone. This palynozone originally erected by Wilson (1984) for Aptian strata in New Zealand and Morgan (1980) suggest the age of Aptian for Odontochitina operculata Zone. The presence of species Gonyaulacysta polythyris, Circulodinium brevispinosum and Florentinia mantelii which are recorded from early Aptian strata in different part of the world such as Australia (Backhouse, 1988), France (Stover, 1996), south of Alpine Italia (Torricelli,2000) and south of Tanzania (Schrank & Mahmoud, 2002) in lower formation reveal the age of Late Barremian to early Aptian for the Sarcheshmeh Formation. The Upper formation contains species Cauca parva with middle Aptian-Lower Albian age (Stover, 1996) and Frorentinia cooksonia with middle Albian age (Williams 1993) found in different regions such as Libya (Uwins & Batten, 1988), United States (Hedlund & Norris, 1986) and west of Australia (Cookson & Eisenack, 1962). This species suggest the age of middle Aptian- middle Albian for the Sanganeh Formation. Statistical analyses of the three main groups of palynological elements (Phytoclasts, Marine palynomorphs and non-structural organic materials) lead to the recognition of five palynofacies in studied section. Studying the recognized palynofacies indicate that the sedimentation rate and oxygen level of the basin were variable but decreasing from Sarcheshmeh to Sanganeh Formation. Based on index dinoflagellates it can be concluded that depositional environment of the Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh formations ranged from inner to outer neritic environment.

• Introduction: Increasing volume of information in various sciences, such as medicine, has led to the use of various strategies to effectively provide students, researchers, and teachers with medical and paramedical information. The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education has developed an online digital library, called Iranian National Medical Digital Library (INMDL), which provides access to databases of medical fields. However, it is believed that most researchers in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences still tend to use printed resources due to their insufficient familiarity with electronic databases. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge of physicians about and their use of INMDL in teaching hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. • Methods: This applied descriptive survey was carried out on physicians from 9 educational hospitals in Isfahan. The number of participants was determined based on the Morgan's sample size table. From the 500 physicians working in 9 hospitals, 217 individuals were randomly determined. Data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by professionals. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified after a pilot study (α = 0.87). Finally, 127 questionnaires were completed and data was analyzed in SPSS18. • Results: Most physicians had little knowledge about the e-journals and book databases available on INMDL. Moreover, the majority of physicians made very little use of INMDL. Among the existing resources, most use was made of e-journals while databases and e-books stood next. Education level was significantly correlated with the knowledge of physicians and their use of INMDL. 81 percent of physicians had little awareness to INMDL's e-books and 85.2 percent of physicians had very little use of INMDL's e-books. A strong correlation was also detected between the knowledge of physicians about INMDL and their use of it. Among the electronic journal databases and e-book databases, Science Direct and MD Consult were most frequently used. • Conclusion: Medical librarians need to have an active role in informing and educating physicians about methods of searching for information in INMDL resources. In addition, as lack of time is a problem for physicians, educating them to use Alert and RSS services is necessary. Moreover, face to face training can be possible by appropriate medical librarians. • Keywords: Awareness; Physicians; Iranian National Medical Digital Library; Hospitals, Teaching.