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Introduction: Infertility is a global health concern and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the infertile population is 27% to 65%. The role of vitamin D is proposed with the expression of receptors in all types of human reproductive tissues in reproductive health and the outcomes of ART. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of vitamin D on ART outcomes. Methods: In this review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in all databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, SID, Magiran and Google Scholar were conducted from 2015 to 2023 with English keywords of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Vitamin D, Infertility, Male infertility, Female infertility and their Persian equivalents. Results: In total, 15 qualified articles were selected from among 1014 articles found for this study. Based on a wide range of studies, vitamin D potentially plays an important role in human fertility, and a positive correlation between high concentration of vitamin D and clinical pregnancy rate, fetal quality, and live birth rate in ART was reported. Conclusion: The effects of vitamin D on ART outcomes are controversial and its deficiency is related to ART outcomes. Probably, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on fertility is not associated with all forms of infertility and the difference in dose, time of supply and type of vitamin D may play a role in the contradiction of the results. Identifying the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of infertility and ART outcomes still requires further studies.

Introduction: The quality of puberty can affect the sexual health and fertility of children. There is limited evidence about the risks associated with the use of assisted reproductive methods (ART) on the process of puberty. This review study was conducted with aim to investigate the puberty process in ART children.Methods: In this review study, to find the related articles regarding the puberty process in ART children, the databases of Web of Science, Scopous, Proquest and Pubmed and Persian databases of SID and Magiran and Google Scholar search engine were searched to find published studies using English keywords: Assisted Reproductive Technology, In vitro fertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, puberty, Tanner and adolescent and their Persian equivalents.Results: In total, among 1438 articles found, 10 articles were eligible for the research and were selected for this study. The prevalence of puberty disorders in ART children was not different compared to children resulting from spontaneous pregnancy. Tanner's stages, bone growth, hormonal status among adolescents resulting from ART were similar to the normal population, although in girls resulting from ART were exposed to earlier puberty and boys were exposed to small differences in sex hormones compared to children resulting from spontaneous pregnancy.Conclusion: Although many studies did not show a significant difference in the puberty process of ART adolescents compared to other adolescents, information on long-term follow-up is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to long-term follow-up of ART-born children until completion of puberty by child's sex and ART types.

Background and Objective: One of the basic strategies to reduce the prevalence of diseases among people in society, especially children and adolescents, during the epidemic of COVID-19 disease, is to observe hygiene and personal protection behaviors. The present study was conducted to determine the level of compliance with health protocols in primary schools of Ilam city during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in 1400-1401. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Ilam city with a statistical sample of 49 schools (25 girls' schools and 24 boys' schools). In this study, the 2019 new coronavirus disease care and control checklist was used in schools, which has 15 questions with a total score of 100. Data with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and T-Test statistical tests using SPSS software. V21 was analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the parameters of school health assessment before reopening (100 percent) and screening of people in terms of vaccination by PCR test (zero percent). The average score of compliance with the checklist was 74.3 in girls' schools and 74.38 in boys' schools. Also, the results of the T-Test showed that there is no significant relationship between the mean scores of girls' and boys' schools (p

Abstract Regardless of the obvious message that is displayed on the cover of any text, sometimes there is another discourse in the context of the content that challenges the intention of the creators of the text in supporting the cover. In the light of reinterpreting and deconstructing the works, the dark labyrinths become clear and new concepts are presented. Ferdowsi and Sa’âlabi's two narratives of the story "Aleksander and the Daughter of the King of India", with a significant difference in the ending, is a familiar story of the marriage bond of the defeated beautiful girl with the conquering king. In examining the secondary discourse, the mechanisms of exercising power over the body are highlighted. Contrary to popular belief, these mechanisms are not only torture, rather, aesthetics is also considered a kind of care network that does not end when a woman enters the "other's" field (father's house) into her own field (wife's house). On the contrary, when a woman wins in the body test prepared by the institution of power, she is considered as a threat to the totalitarianism of the ruling system by deviating from the norms of socialization. In this study, in an analytical-descriptive way and with a sociological point of view, the elements in the mentioned story have been reconstructed and by using the opinions of the thinkers in this field, especially Michel Foucault, the mutual relations between the three elements of "beauty", knowledge", and "power" have been discussed. Extended Abstract Introduction In epics, girls have a limited number of choices. They have to wait for the fate that will be decided for them by the outcome of the war or current events. They are offered as a prize to the winner to encourage soldiers to fight through sexual incentives. In the story of "Iskander and Faghestan" in Shahnameh, we have the same conventional pattern. But Thaalibi's narration also has a second part, in which the girl who was given to Iskandar as an atonement, after passing the fitness test, was rejected by entering the field of "self" to remain in the pole of "other" and gender. The essentialism and the self-sufficient ego of the power institution must continue its pure life regardless of the interference of others. Theoretical Framework In his series of sociological discussions, which is influenced by the structuralism and psychoanalytical attitudes of thinkers like Lacan, especially in the book "Care and Punishment", Foucault refers to the prison as "the dense form of all disciplines”. He did not apply his views on literary works, and Lacan also examined only pictures and paintings in the discussion of "gaze", which are also used in cinema, there is a possibility of extending these views to literary texts. In this paper, it is attempted to explain the manifestations of dominance and care in a literary narrative from a sociological point of view, citing the above points of view. Methodology First, by doubting the obvious message of the text (the importance of aesthetics) and its other reading and white reading, the images were extracted and then described in an analytical-descriptive way. Although the main foundation of the research is Foucault's point of view, the fragments that were taken from his theory have been used to enrich the research. Discussion and Analysis Based on the findings, the relationship between the three areas of power, knowledge, and beauty in the story of Iskandar and Faghestan can be seen from four directions: knowledge in the service of power, gaze, from hiddenness to the position of the arena, rejection of other wisdom. The role of knowledge in the service of power is highlighted as well. The first time is when Kaid sees a series of dreams that only Mehran is able to interpret them. Again, the nine wise men of Rome use their knowledge to verify Kidd's claim. Faghestan is presented to the Roman envoys in a completely decorated form. According to his father, he was "in hiding" until the arrival of the Roman envoys. unlike the tests of knowledge and ability in epics, the Faghestan test is only a physical and wisdom has no effect on the result of this test. Conclusion Although the plot of the story highlights beauty and aesthetics, the secondary discourse affects the mechanisms of exercising power on the body. These mechanisms are applied to Faghestan's body as "other" in several ways. In first place, Kaid keeps her locked in a private space like a valuable commodity. Knowledge and power give the "other" body to the more powerful entity. Faghestan which has fully accepted its gender socialization, has no choice but to observe court customs and rituals. Finally, due to the disturbance it creates in the totalitarianism of the power institution, it is sent back; Because politics is alien to the logic of dialogue.

Background & Aim: Being diagnosed with cancer during adolescence can cause disabilities and disrupt the achievement of important tasks during this period. Given the complex spiritual issues that adolescents face, emphasizing them can provide a unique framework for understanding and coping with illness. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to spiritual coping in adolescents with cancer based on the "Reed self-transcendence theory". Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, correlational study, 270 adolescents with cancer referred to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2018-19 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using the demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the “Adolescents Spiritual Coping Scale”, “Adolescents Hope Scale”, “Self-transcendence Scale: Adolescent version and “Adolescent Coping Scale”. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 19 through descriptive statistical methods, Kruskal–Wallis test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spearmanchr('39')s correlation test and Path analysis. Results: Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient, the relationship of hope (rs=0.440, P

Background & Aim: The inadequate level of pharmaceutical knowledge of nursing students carries the risk of medication errors, and this is one of the main concerns of clinical educators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of targeted and game-based pharmacology education on pharmacology scores of nursing students. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental interventional study was conducted through the census method on third-semester nursing students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019. The intervention included teaching clinical pharmacology in the form of game during an internship course (including 10 sessions). The first to third sessions included holding the pharmacology theoretical class, the fourth to ninth sessions included playing game, theoretical classes, and clinical practice, and the tenth session included a station review program and a competitive pharmaceutical data pool program. The pharmacology exam was given before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS software version 18. Results: There were 77 students until the end of the study, of whom 42 were female and 35 were male. Their mean age was 21±2 years, the total average of students was 15.57±3.81 with a mean pharmacology score of 14.74±3.42. According to the test results, the pre-test mean score was 26.06±5.83 and the post-test mean score was 31.58±4.02, which indicated a significant difference between before and after the intervention (P

This study was conducted in order to construct a list of self-esteem based on Islamic sources. The current study is descriptive-analytical and survey method. To do that, first, the necessary sources were studied and investigated according to Islamic sources in order to extract the attributes related to self-esteem. Then, a 90-item questionnaire was prepared, which was examined by Islamic and psychological experts, and finally 55 items remained, which were administered in the form of a survey study on a sample of 216 university students in Khomeini Shahr. The reliability of the self-esteem checklist was calculated and confirmed by three methods: "internal consistency (with Cronbach's alpha 0.89), retest 0.74 and halving 0.869. Validity of self-esteem checklist with three methods: Content validity review (with the opinion of twelve religious and psychological experts and calculation of CVR coefficient), criterion validity (positive and significant correlation of 0.73 self-esteem checklist with standard Borba moral intelligence questionnaire) and structural validity (factor analysis and factor model analysis) were examined in the sample and good results were obtained. Finally, standard T scores were calculated and a norm table was prepared for the self-esteem list. The results of this evaluation show that the list of self-esteem has desirable psychometric properties to measure the level of self-esteem in individuals based on Islamic sources.

Background: In recent years, numerous studies have addressed the role of other factors, especially the immune system, on developing diabetic retinopathy. Given the role of interferons in regulating immune system activities, the present study was conducted to investigate serum levels of interferon-gamma in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: The present research was conducted on 42 patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the case group and 41 patients with only type 2 diabetes in the control group. The two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. In the previous three months, the participants had not developed severe bacterial, viral or parasitic infections, not undergone ocular and non-ocular surgeries and not taken immunosuppressants. After measuring the patients’ systolic and diastolic blood pressures, their urine and blood samples were collected for the laboratory analysis of CBC, LDL, HDL, TG, total cholesterol, proteinuria, FBS, HbA1c, ESR, CRP, BUN, Creatinine and interferon gamma. The data collected were statistically analyzed in SPSS-18. Results: Out of 83 patients aged 41-78 years with type 2 diabetes, 42 patients were assigned to the case group and 41 to the control group. The mean of age of the case group was 59.69±6.866 years and that of the controls 58.71±7.410. Based on statistical methods, the two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. Although serum levels of interferon gamma were higher in the case group compared to in the controls, the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). No significant differences were also observed between the two groups in terms of WBC, LDL, total cholesterol, FBS, CRP, Creatinine, HDL and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). According to the logistic regression model, the risk of developing retinopathy was approximately 8 times higher in the insulin users compared to in those using oral medicines. Conclusion: The statistical analysis and regression model did not suggest significant relationships between serum levels of interferon gamma and diabetic retinopathy. The two groups were significantly different in terms of insulin consumption. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to find the role of immunological factors in developing diabetic retinopathy.

Background and Aims Caring for patients with epilepsy, creates many challenges for their family caregivers. The implementation of family-based interventions can facilitate the caring duty of caregivers and increase the quality of care for patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of family-based care program on care burden in family caregivers of patients with epilepsy. Methods This clinical trial study was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord City, Iran for 7 months in 2016. Samples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned in the intervention (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. For the intervention group, a family-centered care program was implemented including self-efficacy, self-esteem and evaluation, through education, support, problem solving and group discussion during four sessions. Data were collected by using Persian version of Zaritchr('39')s burden of care scale from the intervention and control groups in three stages; before, immediately, and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical t-test and ANOVA with repeated measurement in the SPSS. Results The mean score of burden of care in the intervention and control groups were 37.42 and 34, respectively before the intervention (P

Background & Aim: Besides medical treatment, self-care education is necessary for patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of telenursing and education without follow-up in the caregivers of heart failure patients on the self-care behavior and clinical status of heart failure patients. Methods & Materials: This clinical trial (IRCT2016080829184N2) was performed on 66 heart failure patients referred to the clinic of Taleghani hospital in Abadan in 2015-2016. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: control, intervention-1 and intervention-2 groups. Control group did not receive any intervention. Patients and caregivers in the intervention-1 group received verbal education, and caregivers in the intervention-2 group received continuous phone follow-up plus verbal education. Self-care behavior, fatigue severity and exercise tolerance were assessed in the patients by the self-care behavior questionnaire, fatigue severity scale and six minutes walking test at baseline and the end of 3 months. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA and Scheffe post hoc test were used to analyze the data using the SPSS software v.18. Results: At baseline, three groups were consistent in terms of demographic variables and three variables. At the post-test, there was a significant difference between the intervention-2 group with the control group and intervention-1 group in self-care behavior (P

Abstract Discussion of complement types is among new grammatical issues, not addressed in all its aspects yet. Place of adverbial complement in the sentence is also worthy of attention and study, since it is categorized as types of adverbs and also types of complements. What is a complement? There are enormous differences in the definition of complement. So much that almost no two grammarians have the exact same views. This is because some define complement as “what completes the meaning of the noun before or the sentence in which it has been used”, and some consider “a special type which is prepositional complement”. Complements are noun phrases placed after the preposition in a sentence and are sometimes compulsory and sometimes optional in accordance with their role. Complement types: Complement categories are very diverse and different in books. Thus, perhaps Kamyar’s division in this respect is more complete since only prepositional complements are included and almost all types are expressed: 1) verb complements, 2) noun complements, 3) adjective complements, 4) adverb complements, 5) pseudo-sentence complements. Adverb types: Adverbs are classified based on type and structure: a) adverbs with no indicator: 1- specific adverb 2- adverbs in common with nouns 3- adverbs in common with adjectives. b) Adverbs with indicators: 1- Adverbs with nunation 2- prefix adverbs 3- adverbial complements Types of phrases: 1.The grammatical unit made of one or more related terms, where the main word or the nucleus is a noun is called a noun phrase. 2. The verb phrase appears in the location of the statement and includes one or more smaller units. The main element here is the verb. 3- Adverbial phrase is part of the sentence that the verb does not need, and thus can be removed. 4. A string of words used as a phrase with an adjective nucleus is called an adjective phrase. Before the adjective a qualitative preposition, or a grade preposition can be used, and it can be followed by noun phrases, prepositional phrase or adjective phrases in a complementary role. So the adjective phrase may also appear as only an adjective. 5. The prepositional phrase is made of “a preposition + noun phrase”. Prepositions are grammatical words that appear only in front of a noun phrase. Prepositional phrases are used with various grammatical relationships, especially prepositional complement in noun phrase, indirect object and complement in verb phrase and also complement or adverbial complement. Prepositional phrase is not used in direct object and subject’s grammatical relations. Place of the adverbial complement in the sentence: Since the complement is a noun phrase that comes after the preposition and the adverb is removable it is hard to determine the position of adverbial complement as a phrase. So instead of being limited to noun, verb and adverbial phrases, we had better also consider prepositional and adjectival phrases. Thus, all the complements are categorized as prepositional phrases. It is also more appropriate for nouns in common with adverbs to be called adverbial complements whose preposition is removed. Conclusion: Mainly, differences about complements is due to authors’ perceptions because some, especially older authors, consider the complement solely with the literal meaning of the word, i.e. something that completes, in their definitions, so in addition to prepositional complement they consider other components such as objects and predicate as complements. Some, on the other hand, consider the connotation of the term and only categorize nouns placed after prepositions as complements of different types. This difference in perception could solve many uncertainties regarding the complements. Adjective in common with adverbs are categorized as either adverbial phrase or the adjectival phrase according to their role in the sentence. Whenever they are perceived as an adjective, they will be categorized as adjectival phrase, and whenever they are perceived as an adverb, as adverbial phrase. Therefore, it is vital to consider a word’s meaning and use in different sentences to determine their place. Limiting phrases to verb, adverb, and noun in the subject of adverbial complement and adjectives that take the role of a predicate will lead to ambiguities that can be disambiguated solely through considering the other two types of phrases, i.e. adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases. It is better to separate the prepositional phrases and noun phrases and consider the prepositional phrase as a combination of the nucleus, as a preposition, and a noun phrase

مقدمه: هدف از انجام این مطالعه، تعیین تأثیر تزریق رمی‌فنتانیل، پروپوفول و ترکیب رمی‌فنتانیل- پروپوفول بر سطح آرام‌بخشی بیماران تحت عمل جراحی کاتاراکت به روش فیکو امولسیفیکاسیون با بی‌حسی موضعی و مقایسه‌ی آن با گروه شاهد بود. روش‌ها: در یک مطالعه‌ی کارآزمایی بالینی که در سال 1394 در بیمارستان فیض اصفهان انجام شد، 140 بیمار کاندیدای عمل جراحی فیکو امولسیفیکاسیون در 4 گروه 35 نفره توزیع شدند. جهت ایجاد آرام‌بخشی، به ترتیب پروپوفول، رمی‌فنتانیل، ترکیب پروپوفول-رمی‌فنتانیل و نرمال سالین تزریق شد و نمره‌ی آرام‌بخشی بیمار، در طی مدت عمل در چهار گروه مقایسه شد. یافته‌ها: گروه رمی‌فنتانیل از عمق آرام‌بخشی بالاتری در حین عمل برخوردار بودند. این نمره در قبل از شروع عمل در چهار گروه رمی‌فنتانیل، پروپوفول، رمی فنتانیل- پروپوفول و نرمال سالین به ترتیب 87/0 ± 31/3، 28/0 ± 91/4، 75/0 ± 97/2 و 30/0 ± 97/4 (001/0 > P) و در دقیقه‌ی 30 به ترتیب 01/0 ± 00/2، 55/0 ± 40/3، 00/1 ± 10/2 و 01/0 ± 00/3 بود (110/0 = P). تغییرات عمق آرام‌بخشی، در طی مدت عمل در چهار گروه، اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت (001/0 > P). نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده‌ی هم‌زمان رمی‌فنتانیل و پروپوفول در بیماران تحت عمل جراحی کاتاراکت با روش فیکو امولسیفیکاسیون، با عمق مناسب‌تر آرام‌بخشی در حین عمل و شدت درد کمتر در بعد از عمل و همچنین، مصرف کمتر مخدر همراه می‌باشد. از این رو، مصرف هم‌زمان این دو دارو در عمل جراحی فیکو امولسیفیکاسیون توصیه می‌گردد.

Background and Objectives:Increased antibiotic resistance as a result of using antimicrobial drugs and also their various adverse effects has caused that in recent years, investigation of medicinal plants beconsidered for discovering new medicinal resources against bacterial infections. This study was performed with the objective of determining the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Kleussiaodoratissimaagainst Enterococcus faecalis (PTTC 1609) and Salmonella typhi (PTTC 1349). Methods:In this experimental study, the antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated by spreading of the extract on medium surface and disk agar diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC( and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also determined using tube dilution method. Analysis of the results was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In agar disk diffusion method, all concentrations of ethanolic extract had inhibitory effect against Enterococcus faecalis. MIC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Enterococcus faecalis was 16 and 32mg/ml and for Salmonella typhiwas 64 and 32mg/ml, respectively.MBC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Enterococcus faecalis was 64 and 32mg/ml and for Salmonella typhi was 128 and 64mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion:The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Kelussiaodoratissima leave had higher inhibitory effects on the studied strains, compared to aqueous extracts in vitro.

Background & Aim: Exacerbation of the symptoms among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a part of the diseasechr('39')s cycle . Despite having medical treatments, most patients experience severe degrees of dyspnea. Self-management programs can help relieving the symptoms. T his study aimed to assess the effect of a self-management program on dyspnea and fatigue severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) . Methods & Materials: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with COPD referred to Apadana clinic in Ahvaz were recruited into the study. Patients were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received a self-management program designed based on the 5A model the control group did not receive any intervention. Patients were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Borg Dyspnea Scale at baseline and three month later. The Chi-squared test and t-test were used to analyze the data . Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in fatigue severity at baseline. At the end of the three months, the fatigue severity score differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.004). There was also significant reduction in the patientschr('39') dyspnea in the intervention group than the control group after 12 weeks (P

Introduction & Objective: Teucrium polium belonging to Lamiaceae family has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of diseases. Regarding the existence of the active biological compounds in this plant, it seems that this plant has considerable antimicrobial ef-fects. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of different concentra-tions of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Teucrium polium (different concentrations) on Escherichia coli PTCC 1330, Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1337, Staphylococcus epider-midis PTCC 1435, Streptococcus pyogenes PTCC 1447 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1310” in vitro”. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, antimicrobial effect of the extracts was ex-plored by two methods including “Collins method” (spreading of the extract on medium sur-face) and “disk agar diffusion method”. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the dilution method. Results: The results showed that in "disk agar diffusion method ", the ethanolic extract had the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococ-cus aureus. The MIC of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 64 and 32 mg/ml, respectively and the MBC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts for Pseudo-monas aeruginsa was 256 and 128 mg/ml, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Teucrium polium extracts. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Teucrium polium “in vitro” showed a considerable antim-icrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the gram-negative bacteria and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus as the gram-positive bacteria.

Introduction & Objective: Mental health disorders are common problems among hospital personnel and can cause even more psychosocial problems .One of the most significant problems is dysfunction in the quality work life of the personnel. The aim of this study is to determine the items of SCL90 test with quality of work life (QWL) among the personnel of Amiralmomenin hospital in Zabol. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 200 health care workers working in Amiralmomenin hospital in Zabol who were selected by census method .After the data were collected using questionnaire (SCL-90 and QWL questionnaire),they were analysed by SPSS. Results: Our findings showed that 65.5% of the personnel had relatively optimal work life. Other findings showed that there was an impairment in mental health of the personnel in the domains of anxiety, hypochondriasis, interpersonal sensitivity and aggressiveness. Conclusion: According to the findings, paying more attention to mental health of the personnel to improve their quality of work life is essential.

Objective: Financial markets, by reducing transaction costs and information asymmetries in the economy, will increase returns, capital accumulation and economic growth. Although the growth of financial markets has a decisive role in economic growth, it should be noted that the emergence of a crisis in financial markets can, in turn, lead to an economic decline and, in some circumstances, lead to a recession. One of the warning signs of financial crisis is an increase in stress that is taking place in financial markets, and leading to increased uncertainty and instability in the economy. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to calculate the financial stress index in Iran's financial markets and then determine its effects on economic growth. Methods: In this study, firstly, using seasonal data of various financial markets including the banking sector, stock market and foreign exchange market, a composite indicator of financial stress for the Iranian economy during the period 1991- 2017 using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then the effects of this index on economic growth have been evaluated using Markov switching Autoregressive method. Financial stress is recognized as an intermediary channel between shocks and the emergence of financial crises in the economy. Results: The results of the model’s estimation show that Iran's economy has suffered negative financial stress over the course of 13 years, which has led to a decrease in the instability of economic growth and has had a positive financial stress during 9 years, which has led to an increase in economic growth in the country. Of course, the sustainability of years of recession and negative financial stress have been more positive than the years of financial flourishing and financial stress, so that the overall effect of financial stress on economic growth was negative and significant. Conclusion: It can be said that one of the reasons for financial stresses and consequently financial crises is the market’s orientation in the financial structure of the country.

Electricity energy as a production factor due to natural and clean efficiency, plays effective role in the sustainable growth and development each country. This study investigates the effect of electricity consumption on economic growth in provinces of the country and during the period 2004-2016. To achieve this goal is used of panel cointegration analysis and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) are used to estimate long-term coefficients and to determine the short and long term causality relationship, are used Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The empirical results indicate a significant effect of electricity consumption on economic growth in provinces of the country in all estimated models. Also, in models have been used the variables of labor force, investment, urbanization rate and literacy rate and their results indicate that there are positive and significant effects on economic growth. Also results of panel causality test shows that there is a bilateral relationship and long-term of electricity consumption to economic growth and vice versa. In addition, patterns results without regard to the Tehran indicate that this has dominant role in increasing electricity consumption.