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Although Hyrcanian forests have a predominant vegetation pattern, due to habitat fragmentation, floristic changes are clearly observed. Therefore, it is necessary to study all parts of this genetic reserve and provide complete information on optimal forest management. Tuli-Nesa sub-mountain forest, which has been selected as the re-introduction and protection area of Maral is located in the Talesh Mountain highlands. In this floristic study, 151 species of vascular plants belonging to 120 genera and 54 families were identified, of which 15 species were regarded as rare and endemic. The largest families were Rosaceae and Poaceae and the most diverse genera were included Trifolium and Carex. The chorological analysis showed that the most extended chorotype with 33% was related to the Euro-Siberian elements. In assessing the life form spectrum, the dominant life forms were Hemicryptophytes (48%). In this study, vegetation types were determined by physiognomic-ecological and floristic methods. In this forest form, two types of tree layers and four types of herb layers were identified. Dominant species with the associate species were provided, and the plant types were represented in the distribution map.

Introduction: Intratechal opioids in combination with local anaesthetic drugs are commonly used for analgesic induction during cesarean section. Lipophilic opioids such as Fentanyl and Sufentanil are among most commonly used intratechal opioids. Pruritus is one of the most common complications of opioids. So, this study was performed with aim to compare the frequency and severity of pruritus following intratechal administration of fentanyl or sufentanil with Bupivacaine in elective cesarean section. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 50 pregnant women candidate for elective cesarean section and referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group received 25 microgram intratechal fentanyl and another group received 2.5 microgram sufentanil both in combination with 12.5 miligram hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. After the surgery, data about age, BMI, surgery duration and pruritus were evaluated. Data were analysed by SPSS software (version 21) and Chi-square and Independent t-test. P

Background and Objective: Behavioral disorders among children and adolescents are common and incapacitating which cause many problems for the families and the patient themselves and associated with high prevalence of negative social consequences. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in Gorgon, north of Iran (2019). Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 1025 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Gorgan, north of Iran (2019). Subjects were selected by Multistage Cluster Sampling. Digital version of K-SADS test was studied for 24 types of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Sampling was done by trained psychologists, among general population and by referring to the house of people. Psychiatric disorders included mood disorders, behavioral disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, substance abuse disorders, and elimination disorders. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents was 13.2%. This prevalence was 14.3 % and 12.1% in males and females, respectively. According to age groups, The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was common in 6 to 9 years olds with 17.8% which in comparison with other age groups was significant (P

Abstract This study evaluated the distribution pattern of various life-form spectra along the Moghan-Sabalan rangelands, Ardabil province, Iran. Sampling was conducted in eleven elevation classes at 300 m elevation intervals (100-3300 meters above sea level, masl). In each elevation interval, 30 quadrats (1×1 m) were used to collect vegetation data (density, frequency and canopy cover). To detect significant differences along elevational gradient, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test were used to compare averages and grouping of the plant index. Regression analyses were employed to explore the inter-relationship of elevation with various life-form spectra. Overall, 386 species, which comprised 44 families and 200 genera, were identified in the study area. Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most frequent life form constituted each with respectively 164 and 162 species, while phanerophytes with 3 species were the least frequent form of life. Density, canopy cover, IVI, species richness and diversity of therophytes decreased with elevation, while hemicryptophytes species richness and evenness increased.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of flora composition in the elevation profile of 937-2162m a.s.l. over 29 Km in the QezelOzan to the altitudes of Kosar county rangelands. Eight habitats and in each three 100 to 500m transects with 10 plots varied from 1 to 25 m2 were selected. Species were collected from the plots, and life forms, growth types and their geographical distribution and conservation were determined. Results show that 32 families, 101 genera and 146 species are distrbuted at the selected areas. Asteraceae families with 39 species (27%), Poaceae with 18 species (13%), Fabaceae with 13 species (9%), Astragalus with 8 species (48.5%) and Centaurea with 5 species (42.3%) are the most important elements of the flora. Spermatophyta with 1 species, angiospermae dicotyledoneae with 27 families, 82 genera and 124 species, and angiospermae monocotyledoneae have 4 families, 18 genera and 21 species. Respectively, the highest and lowest ratio of the family to the genera is at 1583-1683m 1:3.27 and 2139-2162m 1:1.92; the ratio of the family to the species is at 1583-1683m 1:3.91 and 1635-1677m 1:2.11; and ratio of the genera to the species is at 1568-1609m 1:1.30 and 937-965m 1:1.03. For bs with 105 species (72%) is the dominant growth type and trophytes with 62 species (43%) is the most abundant life form. Sixty nine species (47%) belong to the Iranian-Turanian region. Also, 14 native species of Iran, 8 low risk species and 2 vulnerable species are distributed at the study area.