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Objective: Potato Virus Y is one of the most important damaging and limiting factors of potato cultivation. Plants cope with harmful conditions by regulating the expressions of genes at different levels including transcription, post-transcription and translation, using stress tolerance or resistance mechanisms. Therefore, regulatory factors play a very important role in gene expression regulation under stress conditions. Long non-coding RNAs are one of the most important regulatory elements of genes. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying lncRNAs and investigation of their expression changes in PVY infected potato plants. Materials and methods: In this research CLC Genimic Workbench software was used for data analysis. After identifying lncRNAs, the genes affected by them were also analyzed. Then, Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using STRING analysis and finally, the interactions between the identified lncRNAs and potato miRNAs were investigated. Results: According to the obtained results, a total of 3742 sequences were identified as novel lncRNAs in PVY infected potato transcriptome, of which 769 were differentially expressed. So that 310 lncRNAs were down-regulated and 459 were up-regulated in potato in response to PVY infection. Gene Ontology analysis of co-expressed genes with identified lncRNAs show the vital role of these genes in various biological processes, biosynthesis of cellular components, protein complex formation and signal transduction. Also, genes involved in biological processes related to creating defense response against stress, hypersensitive reaction, trehalose metabolism, antiviral responses related to RNA silencing and signaling pathways to induce systemic resistance, were coexpressed with identified lncRNAs in this study. The results of co-expression network between lncRNAs and miRNAs showed interactions between 56 lncRNAs and 5 miRNAs. The most interaction was observed between lncRNAs with stumiR6024-3p. Conclusions: Considering the interactions between examined lncRNAs and the genes involved in defense responses against stress, it is concluded that the expression changes of these lncRNAs are an important part of the response mechanism to viral disease. The obtained results can be a step towards a better understanding of lncRNAs and their function in the development of PVY tolerance and resistance cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective:Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Recently, LINC00961, TPT1-AS1, and SAMMSON Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs)have been discovered, which significantly contribute to the occurrence of various cancers. This study aimed to determine the expression levels of these genes in GC tissues, compared to healthy adjacent tissues, and the relationship of their expressions with clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, the expression of LINC00961, SAMMSON, and TPT1-AS1 were evaluated in 40 pairs of cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples in GC patients using qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis and graphing of the relationship between RNA levels and the clinic-pathological characteristics of GC were carried out using SPSS and Prism 5.00 software. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to represent the sensitivity and specificity of LINC00961, SAMMSON, and TPT1-AS1 expression as biomarkers of GC. Results:The expression of TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON were significantly up-regulated, and the expression of LINC00961 was significantly decreased in GC specimens, compared to adjacent control samples. Our results showed that TPT1-AS1 and SAMMSON RNA levels in GC were significantly related to the tumor size and histopathological grade. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis of LINC00961 and SAMMSON RNA level demonstrated that these two lncRNAs had an appropriate sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis goals. Conclusion:Based on the results, LINC00961, SAMMSON, and TPT1-AS1 may play critical roles in exacerbating and even initiating GC due to their cellular pathways.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with 200-10000 nucleotides in length that have lost their protein coding capacity. They play important role in numerous biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer development. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia. Evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs PVT1 is upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia, and leads to an increase in cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the effect of long non-coding RNA PVT1 inhibition by antisense LNA GapmeRs technology on proliferation of human acute erythroleukemia cells. Methods: Human acute erythroleukemia cells (KG1), known as subgroup six of acute myeloid leukemia based on the French–American–British (FAB) classification, were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 degradation was performed using antisense LNA GapmeRs technology. At different time points after transfection (24, 48, and 72 hours), long non-coding RNA PVT1 expression and cell proliferation were assessed. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was accomplished to evaluate the long non-coding RNAPVT1 expression. Moreover, Cell viability was measured using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Findings: Long non-coding RNA PVT1 expression decreased at 24, 48, and 72 hours after transfection in the antisense LNA GapmeRs group compared to control groups. Cell viability and proliferation was significantly decreased in antisense LNA GapmeRs transfected group compared with other two groups. Conclusion: The present survey exhibited that inhibition of long non-coding PVT1 by using antisense LNA GapmeRs can dramatically reduce the proliferation of human acute erythroleukemia cells. Our results can be helpful in translational medicine for antisense therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background & Objective: Prostate cancer is a compound condition in which gene expression has altered. Several surveys have revealed that genetic components have been involved in prostate cancer progression. Findings proposed that they can modify a noteworthy portion of disposing of elements, which is associated to the developing prostate cancer in protein coding sequences. The purpose of this research was to indicate that there are many long non-coding RNAs with over 200 nucleotides length found in the human genome, which showed a significant role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Conclusion: The role of LncRNAs as tumor suppressors or oncogenes has been demonstrated in several types of cancers, including prostate cancer. Recent investigations have disclosed that LncRNAs transcripts play a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]