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Purpose: The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the use of virtual social networks by librarians and users of public libraries located in Iran. Method: The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its type and methodology. The statistical population of this research are librarians and users of social networks (Instagram and Bale platforms) used in public libraries. According to the statistics of the managers of the Instagram page and Bale page, 80% of the users of these pages are librarians of public libraries across the country, and 20% of them are regular or usual users. Therefore, out of 5000 people following these pages in June 2022, nearly 4000 people were librarians and the rest were normal users. Based on Morgan's table, the number of research samples was estimated to be 357, which were selected according to the population of each group. According to the overall response rate, which was about 80.15%, finally 204 samples from the librarian community and 81 samples from the user community were selected using convenience sampling method. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there is a significantly positive relationship between the information format (how to display information) and the level of interaction of users and librarians (liking, commenting, etc.). In terms of the level of interaction of librarians and users with social network pages, it was found that librarians have more communication and interaction with the studied platforms than users due to the employment relationship and the need to produce content on these pages as part of librarians assigned tasks and duties. Also, according to librarians, the use of relevant information available on social media pages is effective in their organizational performance. Also, considering that foreign platforms such as Instagram sometimes face some legal restrictions in the country, it is suggested that domestic platforms increase the tendency of users by upgrading their services from a technical point of view in order to use them. Based on this, the most important result of the current research is that public libraries started to operate in social networks and this action is currently at the level of an organizational task and they still could not attract users and interact properly with them in these social networks. Therefore, it is necessary for Iran's public libraries to take action and plan for more interaction with users in these networks. Originality/Value: The most important result of the current research is that public libraries started to operate in social networks and this action is currently at the level of an organizational task and they still could not attract users and interact properly with them in these social networks. Therefore, it is necessary for Iran's public libraries to take action and plan for more interaction with users active in these networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. IntroductionPublic libraries are among the essential pillars of a democratic society, serving as symbols of social progress and civil pride in the pursuit of lifelong learning. As these libraries cater to various segments of society, trained and knowledgeable personnel, referred to as librarians or information specialists, play a crucial role in identifying and meeting users' information needs. In line with their responsibilities towards different societal groups, they must adapt their service delivery methods concurrently with societal advancements. Today, with recent technological advancements, achieving this requires librarians to primarily possess digital literacy.2. Literature ReviewGiven recent technological advancements, it has been established that primarily, librarians must possess digital literacy skills. On the other hand, previous research indicates that most managers believe a precise understanding of personality traits is crucial in management science because individuals' personality structures significantly influence their perception, evaluation, and response to the environment (Rostami et al., 2009). One of the most effective and comprehensive theories proposed regarding personality is the Five-Factor Model by Costa and McCrae (1992). According to this theory, the personality structure comprises hierarchical dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Conscientiousness, or Dutifulness, is at the highest level and can be broken down into lower-level facets or traits. Additionally, studies show that digital literacy skills correlate with various managerial dimensions, highlighting the significance of identifying the personality structure of human resources, particularly in organizations. According to White (2002), personality traits can be utilized to predict behaviors and job performance of individuals. Since public libraries are among the centers that, in comparison to other types of libraries, serve as crucial informational hubs to various segments of society, they are considered one of the most significant cultural bases. Therefore, in this regard, the personality of librarians can undoubtedly be influential. Their manner of interaction can play a pivotal role in attracting users to libraries. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between personality traits and digital literacy skills among librarians in public libraries of a practical nature, employing a survey method.3. MethodologyData collection involved using two questionnaires: the McCrae and Costa personality traits questionnaire and the digital literacy skills questionnaire. The statistical population of this research comprised 170 librarians from public libraries in Kermanshah province, with a sample size of 118, determined using Morgan's table. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the SPSS software.4. ResultsThe correlation coefficient between personality traits and digital literacy skills was positive and equal to 0.48, indicating a moderate correlation between these two variables. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between the personality traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness with digital literacy skills were positive, and based on the regression line slope in the scatterplot, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism had the greatest to least impact on this relationship, respectively.5. DiscussionThe results of the present study revealed that the most influential trait in digital literacy is neuroticism. Perhaps one of the major reasons for the significant relationship between neuroticism and digital literacy is the presence of strong and face-to-face interactions with visitors, high motivation, and attention to career advancement. It's possible that one of the reasons many librarians gravitate towards digital literacy skills is to find relief from obsessive thoughts, anxiety, and life stresses. Another reason could be that the virtual world serves as an escape for librarians from stress, fear, and life difficulties. Therefore, it can be said that personality traits, particularly neuroticism, predict librarians' use or non-use of digital literacy skills. Consequently, individuals high in neuroticism may be attracted to and develop a habit of acquiring digital literacy skills due to the presence of these traits and their inability to cope with such problems, seemingly helping them overcome feelings of loneliness, boredom, and inadequacy.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this research provide a clear representation of the relationship and role of librarians' personality traits in digital literacy skills. It is essential for librarians to become aware of their weaknesses in terms of digital literacy skills and take the initiative to enhance their knowledge in this area. Digital literacy skills undoubtedly assist librarians in this regard. If librarians lack sufficient digital literacy skills, they will not be able to provide better services to users based on modern search techniques and information retrieval methods.

Purpose: Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province. Method: The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square. Findings: The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the measures, strategies, and tools for providing services at Iran's top university libraries during the Covid-19 outbreak and the evolution of the role of university libraries. Method: The current study is qualitative, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews in the spring of 2021 with the managers of central libraries of thirteen top university libraries under the coverage of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran. The content of the interviews was analyzed and coded using MAXQDA software. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the method of qualitative content analysis, categorization (organizing and grouping of codes), and coding (specifying main and secondary codes) were employed. Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to validate the findings. Findings: During the coding process, 196 initial codes were identified to describe the actions, tools, services, and activities of the central libraries of top universities. In the category of tools for providing services in the era of Covid-19, the central libraries of top universities mentioned tools such as virtual social networks, answering the telephone, email, strengthening information through websites and library portals, activating virtual reference services, and educational webinars. Online consulting and booking services for librarians in the context of video conferencing software, purchasing and providing some of the necessary infrastructure for organizing electronic resources, changing the approach of face-to-face services, and providing specific procedures and tools for it, strengthening services for remote access to databases, and enhancing interaction and feedback from users were among the new services and activities that were developed during this period. Conclusion: User credibility was further strengthened during the Covid-19 era, marking a turning point in the true concept of service, particularly in terms of enhancing information dissemination for libraries. Education anytime and anywhere replaced face-to-face training courses in libraries. The increasing expectations of users for non-in-person and remote services, along with their institutionalization, led to a reconsideration of scheduling face-to-face visits and the integration of electronic and virtual services as complements to existing physical services. Attention to new spaces during face-to-face visits and the enhancement of librarians' relationships with users are now part of managers' new focus. Improving librarians' skills related to users and enhancing their information literacy are also deemed essential. Libraries are unlikely to revert to the pre-coronavirus era, and to effectively engage users, it is crucial to maintain and strengthen the remote services established during the Covid-19 era. This is because users post-Covid have different expectations and needs compared to those before the pandemic.

Purpose: Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province. Method: The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square. Findings: The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p<0.01, r = 0.373) with librarians' performance (p<0.01, r = 0.342) and loyalty (p<0.01, r = 0.484). Additionally, there was a significant and positive relationship between knowledge sharing and the performance of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.513) and loyalty of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.596). The indicators of the measurement model for the construct reliability index and Cronbach's alpha were above 0.7, indicating the reliability of the construct. The average variance extracted index for the convergent validity of the model was also higher than 0.5 for all variables, indicating appropriate convergent validity. The results of the SEM fit showed that the coefficient of determination for librarians' performance and loyalty were calculated as 0.327 and 0.561, respectively, indicating the prediction of 32% and 56% of the variance in performance and loyalty of librarians. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index was calculated as 0.56, indicating a relatively strong fit of the proposed model. Conclusion: One of the crucial factors influencing the professional conduct of librarians is their performance level and loyalty to libraries and information centers. Understanding the loyalty status of librarians can assist managers in planning to achieve desired objectives. By elucidating the correlation between knowledge management, knowledge sharing, organizational loyalty, and librarian performance, the research findings can capture the attention of library managers and officials to bolster the knowledge management and sharing systems in libraries. This will create conducive conditions for enhancing the performance and loyalty of librarians. By improving access to knowledge, honing expertise, and promoting continuous learning, librarians can deliver optimal service to users and establish a more efficient relationship with the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the measures, strategies, and tools for providing services at Iran's top university libraries during the Covid-19 outbreak and the evolution of the role of university libraries. Method: The current study is qualitative, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews in the spring of 2021 with the managers of central libraries of thirteen top university libraries under the coverage of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran. The content of the interviews was analyzed and coded using MAXQDA software. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the method of qualitative content analysis, categorization (organizing and grouping of codes), and coding (specifying main and secondary codes) were employed. Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to validate the findings. Findings: During the coding process, 196 initial codes were identified to describe the actions, tools, services, and activities of the central libraries of top universities. In the category of tools for providing services in the era of Covid-19, the central libraries of top universities mentioned tools such as virtual social networks, answering the telephone, email, strengthening information through websites and library portals, activating virtual reference services, and educational webinars. Online consulting and booking services for librarians in the context of video conferencing software, purchasing and providing some of the necessary infrastructure for organizing electronic resources, changing the approach of face-to-face services, and providing specific procedures and tools for it, strengthening services for remote access to databases, and enhancing interaction and feedback from users were among the new services and activities that were developed during this period. Conclusion: User credibility was further strengthened during the Covid-19 era, marking a turning point in the true concept of service, particularly in terms of enhancing information dissemination for libraries. Education anytime and anywhere replaced face-to-face training courses in libraries. The increasing expectations of users for non-in-person and remote services, along with their institutionalization, led to a reconsideration of scheduling face-to-face visits and the integration of electronic and virtual services as complements to existing physical services. Attention to new spaces during face-to-face visits and the enhancement of librarians' relationships with users are now part of managers' new focus. Improving librarians' skills related to users and enhancing their information literacy are also deemed essential. Libraries are unlikely to revert to the pre-coronavirus era, and to effectively engage users, it is crucial to maintain and strengthen the remote services established during the Covid-19 era. This is because users post-Covid have different expectations and needs compared to those before the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nowadays, improving the productivity of libraries is very important for their survival, development and progress. It is of particular value to pay attention to the impact of the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians, which is related to their undefined frank duties and improves the performance of libraries. And it has a special value. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the situation of organizational citizenship behavior of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi in Holy Mashhad and the factors affecting it. Methodology: This research is a combination of sequential explanatory types. The statistical sample of this research is 127 librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method from the 200-person population. Quantitative data collection was performed using the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The sample size of the statistical population in the qualitative section was 10 percent of librarians who had obtained a higher average score. In the Quantitative stage, it was set purposefully. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect qualitative data, this data was also analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Findings: Findings in the quantitative part showed that organizational citizenship behavior among librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad was above average. Organizational information and organizational loyalty and individual initiatives significantly predicted organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational Participation - Helping behaviors and magnanimity did not play an effective role in predicting organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the findings of the interview in the qualitative section showed that organizational justice-organizational loyalty and organizational support, personality traits, commitment and job satisfaction have been the factors involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior. If the organization appreciates and values the librarians and their opinions, it will lead to the desirable organizational citizenship behavior of the librarians, which can be classified as organizational support. In other words, it causes the librarians to show a kind of cooperative behavior and share their opinions and suggestions in the organization's programs. Also, perceived organizational support from the librarians' side leads to desirable citizenship behavior in order to fulfill the library's goals. And the increase in organizational support leads to an increase in employee citizenship behavior. Conclusion: So far, no research has been found to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians. The findings showed that the factors affecting and involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior can be exploited in various ways and of course can be specified.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify the components of gamification in content marketing based on the perspectives of managers and librarians at Malek National Library and Museum.Methodology: This study employed an applied research approach and utilized a descriptive survey method. The research population consisted of all managers and librarians (totaling 20 individuals) at Malek Library and Museum. A researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of four components and 50 items was used as the data collection tool. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through expert opinions, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.779). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, utilizing descriptive statistics such as frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Friedman's test.Findings: According to the research participants, the factor of gamification mechanics with an average rating of 2.13 was deemed more important in content strategy. In terms of content production, the dynamics of gamification had a higher average rating of 2.31 compared to the other two factors. For content creation and optimization, participants considered the dynamic gamification factor (average rating of 2.19) as more significant than the other two factors. Lastly, in the context of content dissemination and distribution, the gamification mechanics factor was rated highest with an average rating of 2.38 compared to the other two factors.Conclusion: From the viewpoint of librarians and managers at Malek Library and Museum, the elements of gamification mechanics and dynamics were the most important factors in content marketing.Value: Given the nature of service provision in libraries and museums, as well as their contribution to national production, the integration of gamification and content marketing can greatly assist in growth, expansion, and meeting customer needs and demands.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify and extract the professional competencies of the librarians of Iran’s public libraries, and to determine the importance of each of them in order to prioritize and rank them. Method: This research is an applied study employing a mixed research methodology. The study divided in two distinct stage. In the initial phase, a purposive selection of 61 Persian and English articles was analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. Then 104 codes were extracted using experts’ opinions, and the validity of these codes was confirmed through their content validity and their reliability was measured and confirmed with Cohen’s Kappa test. During the quantitative stage, each factor was ranked by distributing the questionnaire among 62 experts and using Shannon’s entropy method. Findings: This research reveals a pioneering exploration into the professional competencies of librarians in Iran’s public libraries, resulting in the identification of four crucial factors, 10 main components, and an extensive 72 sub-components that categorize these competencies. The ‘Ability’ factor, consisting of specialized ability and thinking ability, emerges as a cornerstone with conceptualizations across 9 sub-components. The ‘Feature’ factor, consisting of occupational and behavioral characteristics, was conceptualized by 19 sub-components. The ‘Skills’ factor, including managerial, social, occupational, and technological skills, was conceptualized by 32 sub-components. Lastly, the ‘Knowledge’ factor, comprising knowledge related to society and specialized knowledge, was conceptualized by 12 sub-components. Quantitative analysis, using the innovative Shannon entropy method, provides a nuanced understanding of the significance attached to each competency. The results of this analysis shows that ‘knowledge’ holds the highest weight (0/2575), establishing it as the most critical competency for librarians in Iran’s public libraries. Following closely, the ‘Skill’ factor secures the second position with a weight of 0/2545. ‘Ability’ and ‘Characteristics’ factors, with weights of 0.2498 and 0.2382, respectively, are ranked third and fourth. Originality/value: This research stands out in its original contribution to the field of library science by systematically identifying and prioritizing the professional competencies of librarians in Iran’s public libraries. The comprehensive validation process, including content validity and reliability assessments, ensures the robustness of the identified competencies. The emphasis on specialized ability, thinking ability, occupational and behavioral characteristics, managerial, social, occupational, and technological skills, as well as knowledge related to society and specialized knowledge, shows a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of librarianship. In summary, this research breaks new ground in the systematic exploration, categorization, and prioritization of professional competencies, offering a valuable framework for improving the competencies of librarians in the unique context of Iranian public libraries. These findings not only contribute to the academic understanding of librarianship but also offer practical insights for enhancing the proficiency of librarians in this context. Furthermore, the nuanced categorization and prioritization presented in this research provide a valuable framework for the ongoing development of professional competencies and qualifications in this field.

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of participation of public library librarians in Tehran in online social networks to provide services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and was conducted using a survey method. The research population at the time of the research (July and August 2023) included all the librarians of public libraries in Tehran (152 people) from whom a sample of 109 people was selected according to Morgan’s table, and 105 questionnaires were analyzed in the final analysis. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS (version 26). In order to check the average difference between the main research variables, one-way analysis of variance parametric test was used. Findings: The results showed that the librarians had the greatest knowledge about "Bale" messenger and the lowest knowledge about "SoroushPlus". The level of knowledge of librarians regarding social networking tools and the level of influence of the organization on their knowledge of tools has been lower than the average level. The level of necessity and acceptance of social networking tools is "high" and the level of use of these tools by librarians is "moderate". There was a significant difference between the average opinions of librarians about knowledge and acceptance as well as acceptance and use of these networks, while no significant difference was observed between the average opinions of participants about the two variables of knowledge and use of online social networks. Originality/value: Although according to the results of this research, the level of influence of the organization in the librarians’ knowledge of social networking tools is reported to be lower than average, and the level of influence of the organization in the knowledge of content production tools in these sites is reported to be small, the role of the organization in the librarians’ knowledge cannot be ignored. Therefore, the results of this research, by determining the attitude of the research population towards social networking sites, the extent of acceptance and use of these sites by them and identifying the weaknesses and strengths of public libraries in using social networking sites, can be applied by managers and planners of public libraries in order to provide a suitable platform for using the social networking sites, remove barriers to using them, and improve information service.

Purpose: The widespread and surprising spread of the Covid-19 led to an unprecedented closure of public libraries, and this closure showed that public libraries have little preparation and anticipation to deal with and adapt to the special situation caused by the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The aim of this study is to determine the level of readiness of librarians and public libraries in Isfahan province in the face of COVID-19 disease. Method: The current research is a cross-sectional, descriptive-survey study with an applied purpose that was carried out using the field method. The statistical population included all the librarians of the public libraries of Isfahan province in the year 1400 SH, numbering 357 people, from whom 185 librarians were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. In order to collect people’s views, a researcher-made questionnaire was used; The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several experts in information and Knowledge science, and the construct validity was measured and confirmed by second-order factor analysis using Smart-PLS3 software; The questionnaire’s reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, which was found to be 0.95. For data analysis, SPSS software (version 22) and descriptive statistics methods such as mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics tests such as variance analysis, one-way t-test, one-way variance analysis test, Duncan’s post-hoc test and factor analysis were used. Findings: The results showed that the level of preparedness of librarians and public libraries of Isfahan province in facing the COVID-19 disease with an average of 3.81 is significantly higher than the average, which is at an acceptable level and close to optimal. Preparedness for remote work with an average of 4.19 was the highest, and preparedness for job performance in cyberspace with an average of 3.36 was the lowest component of the readiness of librarians and public libraries of Isfahan province; There is no significant difference between respondents’ perceptions in terms of gender, age, work experience, field of study, and organizational position. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the perceptions of the respondents regarding the readiness of public libraries in Isfahan province in facing the COVID-19 disease according to their educational qualifications and marital status. Respondents with associate degrees, as well as married respondents, have evaluated the level of preparation of libraries at a higher level than other groups. It is suggested that administrators train librarians and strengthen information technology infrastructure to strengthen the performance of cyberspace. Libraries need to formulate appropriate policies in order to increase the level of preparedness while facing crisis and infectious diseases, these policies and rules should be determined in the form of general principles before the occurrence of the crisis and at the time of the beginning of the crisis, and in crucial times, they should be used by adding minor items. Originality/value: The results of the current research are important due to the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and the small number of researches conducted in this field, and it can lead to a greater understanding of the level of preparedness of public libraries and librarians and help library managers to get the necessary preparations against the risks affecting the optimal service to the audience through making appropriate policies and plans.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic, as an unforeseen phenomenon, brought about many changes both in the services and the way service organizations provide services. Public libraries and their services also faced many challenges as a social and service center. The purpose of the current research is to identify the experiences of the librarians of Tehran City Park Central Library during the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, while examining the changes in the activities and services of different departments of the library due to the spread of the coronavirus, the new approaches used, and the necessity of their application and continuation in the post-corona period were investigated from the perspective of the librarians of Tehran City Park Central Library. Method: This research is applied and was conducted using a qualitative approach and the content analysis method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that was conducted face-to-face. The research population included 13 librarians of Tehran City Park Central Library, who worked in different sections of the library during the corona and post-corona periods. The interviews were conducted in the winter of 2023 and the data analysis was done in the spring of 2023. In order to analyze and code the research data (interviews), MAXQDA 2020 software was used. Findings: By coding the interviews, 436 concepts were obtained, which were categorized into a total of 103 categories. Finally, by re-examining, the core categories were identified and shown in the form of models resulting from the analysis. The creation of technological infrastructure, the need to improve the specialized and technological abilities of librarians, the need to mechanize library processes and the continuity of library activities in cyberspace, were 4 categories that were obtained from the analysis of the research data. These four categories are the necessary measures and infrastructure to prepare as much as possible for critical conditions in order to improve the performance of the library. Although the lack of conditions for providing services due to the spread of coronavirus caused the complete closure of Tehran City Park Central Library, the need to provide services in special conditions along with acquiring the necessary capabilities to be present in the virtual space, led to the use of new methods in providing services. Holding virtual cultural events, providing cyber reference services, book courier services, i.e., homebound book delivery, were among the services that had not been specifically addressed before the outbreak of COVID-19. The findings also indicate the need to deal with measures and infrastructures to prepare as much as possible for critical conditions in order to improve the performance of the library. The effectiveness of these measures and methods in the post-corona period from the point of view of librarians and their emphasis on the need to strengthen these methods shows that their continuation has provided an acceptable situation for the provision of services and cultural events and educational programs of the library. Originality/value: The strength of this research is the examination of the changes made in the way of providing services during the outbreak of COVID-19 and their application in the post-corona period, which has shown that the threat of coronavirus has created an opportunity to change and improve some library activities from the point of view of librarians, since according to the special position of this library and its new approaches, it can be a model for other public libraries in Iran.

Purpose: The aim of the current research is to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance of the use of e-learning systems by the librarians of Tehran Province libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the effects of computer self-efficacy, diversity of skills, organizational support, teacher’s characteristics, and quality of course content on the technology acceptance model (TAM) variables, including the subjective perception of the utility, and subjective perception of convenience, attitude toward use technology and the intention to use e-learning systems were examined. Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population included librarians of public libraries in Tehran province. The statistical sample size was 217 based on Cochran’s formula. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire which was validated by six experts. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) by SmartPLS software. Findings: The findings indicated that the mental perception of usefulness and mental perception of ease of use affect the intention and desire of employees to use e-learning systems. Furthermore, the external variables studied in the research, namely computer self-efficacy, diversity of skills, organizational support, teacher’s characteristics, and course quality have a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of e-learning systems in the organization. The highest total effect is related to the variable of skill and quality of course content and the lowest total effect is related to the variable of organizational support and behavioral intention. Originality/value: E-learning plays an important role in education and development in the organizational environment, and e-learning systems have become a popular tool to facilitate teaching-learning processes that provide flexible learning-oriented education. Since the development and deployment of technologies is not enough to enjoy their benefits, and in order to achieve the potential benefits of a technology, its acceptance by users should be considered, the findings of this research can provide practical implications for organizational managers, trainers and developers of educational systems.

IntroductionAt the present time, the advancement of technology in every field has accelerated to such an extent that its effects are evident everywhere, so people do not use previous methods to meet their needs. It is in this situation that institutions, organizations, bodies, etc., must change in order to maintain their survival and be present in the competition scene, otherwise, they will face challenges. Libraries are among these organizations. If libraries want to move forward with changes and developments and continue their development and evolution, they must have a plan. One of the plans that are proposed in libraries, especially in university libraries, is "strategic planning", having a strategic plan that has a specific time frame, a set of processes or should include special components appropriate for each library, examine the external environment and give a better understanding of the current and future state of the library and create a competitive advantage (Bayat and Esfandiari Moghadam, 2014, p. 85). The strategic planning process in this research is considered based on Bryson's authentic model (2013), the components that Bryson considered for this process in the book Strategic Planning in Government, Public and Non-Profit Organizations include: 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) analyzing stakeholders, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan. David (2013) believes that information is updated from moment to moment, as a result, information collection, analysis, and sending and receiving this information affects strategic decisions. It should be noted that information is effective in strategic planning if it is obtained from scientific research and research results and has scientific support in general. The main question of the research is how to rely on evidence-based librarianship with the components of 1) asking/formulating a detailed question in one of the subject areas of librarianship, 2) obtaining/finding the most appropriate evidence, 3) evaluating 4) applying and 5) evaluating the results, to strategic planning with the components of 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) stakeholder analysis, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining the strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan helped. According to the purpose, the current research aims to answer the following questions:To what extent is the state of strategic planning of university libraries in Kermanshah based on strategic planning components?To what extent is the awareness of evidence-based librarianship among managers and librarians of university libraries in Kermanshah based on the components of evidence-based librarianship?What is the relationship between strategic planning and evidence-based librarianship components from the point of view of university library managers and librarians? Literature ReviewAccording to the definitions of Elsan and Eddy (1982, p. 4), strategic planning is "a systematic effort, in order to make decisions and carry out fundamental activities that shape the nature and how and why of the organization's actions" in ideally, strategic planning requires gathering extensive and effective information, defining the organization's mission as well as strategic issues, and finally carefully examining various solutions to achieve organizational goals and the future results of current decisions (Bryson, 2010, p. 19). Alphabet of strategic planningA: Where are we?B: Where do we want to be?A: How to reach the destination Planning in the library is not a new phenomenon. The expansion of the use of strategic planning in libraries and the desired results were among the factors that led library managers to strategic planning. Strategic planning in a general perspective leads to the development of understanding and awareness of how the library participates in the development of society. The concept of evidence-based librarianship Evidence-based librarianship means the optimal use of existing research findings in compiling and revising the professional activities of librarians and information specialists. Evidence-based librarianship, with a history of ten years, is considered a relatively new approach in this field, based on which librarians first collect and interpret scientific findings and then create the necessary context for integrating new knowledge to provide their own professional activities. (Mansourian, 2019) Since the idea of evidence-based librarianship was first proposed, its proponents have tried to develop a conceptual framework, principles, and steps for it that would help information professionals understand it and enable them to combine it with their professional performance (Lerdal, 2002). Evidence-based librarianship provides a self-correcting framework in such a way that until new information becomes available, it suggests new directions or methods, Cromley and Kofogianakis (2006). MethodologyThe present study was descriptive and conducted in a survey method. The statistical population of this study is librarians of Kermanshah University Libraries, which is a total of 63 people. Due to the limited number of people in the statistical population, therefore, sampling has been considered in the research. The data collection tools were two researcher-made questionnaires, strategic planning, and evidence-based librarianship. ConclusionUniversity libraries perform poorly in terms of implementing strategic planning and using evidence-based librarianship, so it seems that they still follow the previous routine in managing library affairs and providing services.Evidence-based librarianship with an approach to seeking information and expanding knowledge and having a detailed and regulated framework in five stages of formulating questions, obtaining evidence, evaluating evidence, using evidence, and evaluating the effectiveness of the operational plan, has a high capacity in implementing the process. It has strategic planning. Evidence-based librarianship by understanding and recognizing the need and formulating the question in the first stage, extracting valid evidence and finally creating opportunities in the second stage, prioritizing refereed sources in the third stage, and providing a solution with scientific support in the fourth stage, and by examining the effects of the decisions taken in the fifth stage, respectively, leads to transparency and understanding of the problem, to smoothing the detailed information about the problem in question and creating a strategy, to evaluating the strategy and achieving an effective strategy, not sacrificing time and resources in wrong decisions, increasing awareness and knowledge regarding the effectiveness of a strategy, and will be effective in strategic planning. The process of strategic planning in order to identify issues, determine goals, adopt strategies, and predict results requires approaches to gather information, critical analysis, and organization of information, so evidence-based librarianship with accumulated knowledge can be the focus of strategic planning. In other words, evidence-based librarianship acts as a tool in providing detailed information related to the subject for strategic planning, and the effectiveness of this information is to be placed in the framework of the evidence-based librarianship approach. In this way, the information produced in evidence-based librarianship will play a decisive role in strategic planning.

Purpose: Knowledge and information science specialists can succeed in creating and providing entrepreneurial services by using knowledge of the society, the needs of the audience and having an entrepreneurial attitude. In the field of knowledge and information science, entrepreneurship is a type of social or value entrepreneurship service. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education in changing the entrepreneurial attitude of public library librarians in Birjand city. Method: The present study is a type of applied research. In terms of data collection, it is a quasi- experimental study with a control group, a pre-test and a follow-up test to determine the duration over times. The statistical population of the study included 30 librarians of public libraries affiliated to the library of the city of Birjand; Data collection was done by Entrepreneurship Attitude questionnaire (Robinson et al., 1991) and SPSS software was used to analyze the information collected through the questionnaire. Findings: The results of the tests showed that entrepreneurial training has led to a shift in the attitudes of librarians in the test group, and entrepreneurial training has led to a shift in the orientation of self-esteem, Succession, innovation and personal entrepreneurial control of the group librarians and the post-test scores of the two control and experimental groups were reported differently (F = 5/568, P > 0/05). The average of librarians’ desire for success in the post-test stage (M = 4/528) has changed compared to the pre-test stages (M = 4/313). Also, the test of the repeated measurement design, which included librarians in the experimental group in the follow-up stage, showed that that the change in the orientation of personal entrepreneurial control of librarians has become significant, which has caused stability and stability in them. Self-esteem components such as confidence in one’s ability, confidence in work results, ability to solve personal problems, ambition and self-belief can be influenced to a large extent by changing librarians’ views due to the increase in the level of advertisements and their knowledge about entrepreneurship. Originality/value: The current research considers entrepreneurship in public libraries as a great opportunity for managers and librarians. Considering that entrepreneurship can be acquired in libraries, librarians can use the benefits of entrepreneurial training to raise their level of work and provide entrepreneurial services to users. According to the goals and social roles of public libraries, entrepreneurship training in the society of librarians and users should be considered and implemented as one of the special requirements based on the goals and functions of these types of libraries because entrepreneurship training causes a change in the direction of personal entrepreneurial control of people and increase the amount of their personal control.

Objective: Volunteers to serve in the library are among the capacities that can be used to improve the organization of libraries. This research seeks to determine the factors and challenges of using volunteers in libraries from the point of view of the librarians of Astan Qods Razavi.Methodology: This applied research has been done through grounded theory as a qualitative research method. The statistical population of this research is all librarians of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Astan Qods Razavi Document Center who have 5 years of experience in librarianship. Sampling was done in a non-probability and purposeful way. The number of members of the sample community was determined based on the criteria of theoretical sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of 36 people. The data collection tool was a structured interview. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis method, Barouch, Strauss and Corbin three-step coding and using MAXQDA software.Findings: The results show that the librarians of Astan Qods consider the presence of volunteers in the organization as essential and this necessity is not only an organizational need but also a social necessity resulting from the desire of the community members to work and be active. They don't know about volunteering and they believe that the presence of volunteers will increase the society's awareness of the organization's goals and, as a result, influence the society on the one hand and improve the knowledge and skills of graduates and those interested in participating in scientific and cultural activities. Also, the results of the research showed that the employees face professional and organizational challenges to support and cooperate with the volunteers and the challenges that are related to the nature of the volunteer activity. Choosing candidates with appropriate academic status and academic resume and involving employees and middle managers will reduce the professional and organizational challenges of employees. Challenges such as considering volunteer work as futile and the temporary presence of volunteers in the organization depend on the nature of volunteer work and need to change the organizational culture, which can be improved by training, communication and holding friendly meetings between employees and volunteers.Conclusion: Libraries can attract interested and talented volunteers through proper information. Retaining volunteers in the library requires systematic planning to overcome the challenges faced by volunteers, administrators, and staff.

IntroductionThe field of providing information and the method of publishing information has permanently been subject to modification and alteration, and as we know, with the introduction of computer technology in the field of librarianship and the change in the way of providing services, the imperative task of information dissemination has been reserved for librarians (Kanjilan,2011).Due to the nature of their job, librarians must be interested to changes and change their services and the way they provide services at the same time and in agreement with the changes, so that they can respond to the information needs of the residents(Mohammadi Fard,2015).Nowadays, with the development of new information technologies and the challenges of information societies, the traditional role of public libraries has changed and functions such as teaching and creating computer skills have become more projecting. Thus, librarians of public libraries should initially, be prepared with these skills. A librarian who is not computer literate will never be a good guide for library users. The inability of individuals to access information and their limited knowledge in using computers can hinder their success in retrieving information. Hence, enhancing computer literacy is particularly essential for these individuals. Education can play a crucial role in improving their computer skills (Abtahi,2017). One form of instruction is electronic training, also referred to as e-learning or virtual learning. This type of learning involves online courses provided through a virtual education system, enabling electronic learning processes(Ghalian & Zalpour,2018). The objective of this study was to examine the impact of electronic information retrieval training on the information retrieval abilities of librarians.Literature ReviewKia, Moazzami, and Kia Lashaki (2021) in a study entitled: “Examining the influence of virtual skills training during the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Chalous Scientific-Applied University graduates” concluded that virtual skill training has a positive and significant effect on the performance of graduates in the Corona era, and the regression equation was also presented to predict the effect of the predictor variable on the criterion variable. Mohaghegh, Raiesi Dehkordi, Alibeik, Ghashghaee and Janbozorgi (2017) showed that consistent with the employees' attitude towards participating in in-service virtual training courses, their satisfaction along the course and the productivity of the topics discussed in these courses, from the point of view of librarians, the effectiveness and quality of in-service virtual training courses are at the favorite level.Al-Fraihat, Masa'deh and Sinclair (2020) showed there are four structures influencing the use of e-learning, the quality of the educational system, the quality of the support system, the quality of the learner and the perceived usefulness, which together account for 1.34% of the variance. Finally, 64.7% of the variance of e-learning benefits is explained by supposed usefulness, alleged satisfaction, and use. Maurice (2017) showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between virtual training and employee empowerment, and employees who did not participate in in-service training are less empowered than those who participated in these courses.MethodologyThe current research was of the type of applied research and the method of conducting the research was of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this research included all the librarians of the public libraries of Mazandaran province in 1401 in the number of 285 people (taken from the statistics center of the general administration of the public library of Mazandaran province). After the homogenization of the statistical population geographically (Mazandaran province was divided into three parts, east, central and west) and from each part according to the inclusion criteria such as willingness to participate in training sessions at certain hours, being librarians of public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree, having an age between 25 and 40 years, working experience of more than 5 years in a library, obtaining a score below 39 from the questionnaire and exit criteria including not working in public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree and obtaining a score above 39 from Questionnaire, first, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and they were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The experimental group received information retrieval skills training in 9 sessions (each session lasting 2 hours) electronically and remotely. But the control group did not use any training. In order to measure the information retrieval skills of librarians, due to the lack of a standard scale, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 in a test run.DiscussionThe findings displayed that the average skill of information retrieval in the experimental group (47.07) in the post-test is higher than the average in the control group (26.86). which indicates that, electronic information retrieval training has an effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval. In the explanation of the research findings, it can be stated that electronic training allows people to obtain scientific information in less time and at a cheaper cost and it increases its generality and also causes rapid learning of skills in various dimensions. The internet is an easy way in the new age to get up-to-date and new articles and information for learning and empowerment. In other words, the availability of the Internet makes it possible to obtain new information in less time, and in the context of librarians' use of new methods and patterns in information retrieval, it surges their skill in information retrieval.ConclusionThe results of the research showed that electronic information retrieval training has a positive and significant effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval, and electronic information retrieval training can be one of the effective options in increasing the capabilities and skills of librarians.

Knowledge map is a knowledge management tool, through which information about the location of knowledge deployment and knowledge resources ranging from people possessing knowledge, documents, and databases is given to the organization’s users. Knowledge map determines the expertise and knowledge required by people with the location of its deployment in the organization. The main purpose of this study was to map the knowledge and skills of the librarians of Astan Quds Razavi central library based on Max Weber’s Ideal Type Model. This study was of applied form and its procedure was descriptive-analytic survey. The population included 39 librarians working at the central library of Astan Quds Razavi with an Associate degree in Knowledge and information science and had a librarian position. Researcher’s made questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument with a return rate of 100 percent. In addition to the questionnaire, the checklist created by Shamsi (2012) was used by the researcher in order to collect data. The findings showed that in the librarians’ general skills section, the highest mean was of administrative abilities such as office automation, text editing ability, etc. (mean 2.53), and language skills (mean 1.03), accounting (mean 0.55) and computer (mean 2.33). In examining the specialized knowledge and skills required of the librarians of different sections of the central library of Astan Quds Razavi, it was found that the librarians had the knowledge and skills needed to work in the study halls sections (3.89 on average), and the library (with an average of 3.89). Also found library circulation (4.2), membership (mean 3.77), cataloging (mean 3.42), collection (mean 3.25) and audiovisual mean (mean 3.79), and librarians have a knowledge vacuum for working in the digital library (2. 63 average) and stencils (1.68 average). Findings from the Librarian Knowledge and Skills Index based on the Ideal Model showed that most librarians (22) were in Type 1 (High Knowledge and Skills). Also found that none of the librarians are in Type 2 (high knowledge and low skill), but 12 in Type 3 (low knowledge and high skill), and 5 in Type 4 (low knowledge and skill). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nowadays, improving the productivity of libraries is very important for their survival, development and progress. It is of particular value to pay attention to the impact of the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians, which is related to their undefined frank duties and improves the performance of libraries. And it has a special value. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the situation of organizational citizenship behavior of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi in Holy Mashhad and the factors affecting it. Methodology: This research is a combination of sequential explanatory types. The statistical sample of this research is 127 librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method from the 200-person population. Quantitative data collection was performed using the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative ways. The sample size of the statistical population in the qualitative section was 10 percent of librarians who had obtained a higher average score. In the Quantitative stage, it was set purposefully. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect qualitative data, this data was also analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Findings: Findings in the quantitative part showed that organizational citizenship behavior among librarians of Astan Quds Razavi libraries in Mashhad was above average. Organizational information and organizational loyalty and individual initiatives significantly predicted organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational Participation - Helping behaviors and magnanimity did not play an effective role in predicting organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the findings of the interview in the qualitative section showed that organizational justice-organizational loyalty and organizational support, personality traits, commitment and job satisfaction have been the factors involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior. If the organization appreciates and values the librarians and their opinions, it will lead to the desirable organizational citizenship behavior of the librarians, which can be classified as organizational support. In other words, it causes the librarians to show a kind of cooperative behavior and share their opinions and suggestions in the organization's programs. Also, perceived organizational support from the librarians' side leads to desirable citizenship behavior in order to fulfill the library's goals. And the increase in organizational support leads to an increase in employee citizenship behavior. Conclusion: So far, no research has been found to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the organizational citizenship behavior of librarians. The findings showed that the factors affecting and involved in the occurrence of organizational citizenship behavior can be exploited in various ways and of course can be specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Knowledge and information science specialists can succeed in creating and providing entrepreneurial services by using knowledge of the society, the needs of the audience and having an entrepreneurial attitude. In the field of knowledge and information science, entrepreneurship is a type of social or value entrepreneurship service. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education in changing the entrepreneurial attitude of public library librarians in Birjand city. Method: The present study is a type of applied research. In terms of data collection, it is a quasi- experimental study with a control group, a pre-test and a follow-up test to determine the duration over times. The statistical population of the study included 30 librarians of public libraries affiliated to the library of the city of Birjand; Data collection was done by Entrepreneurship Attitude questionnaire (Robinson et al., 1991) and SPSS software was used to analyze the information collected through the questionnaire. Findings: The results of the tests showed that entrepreneurial training has led to a shift in the attitudes of librarians in the test group, and entrepreneurial training has led to a shift in the orientation of self-esteem, Succession, innovation and personal entrepreneurial control of the group librarians and the post-test scores of the two control and experimental groups were reported differently (F = 5/568, P > 0/05). The average of librarians’ desire for success in the post-test stage (M = 4/528) has changed compared to the pre-test stages (M = 4/313). Also, the test of the repeated measurement design, which included librarians in the experimental group in the follow-up stage, showed that that the change in the orientation of personal entrepreneurial control of librarians has become significant, which has caused stability and stability in them. Self-esteem components such as confidence in one’s ability, confidence in work results, ability to solve personal problems, ambition and self-belief can be influenced to a large extent by changing librarians’ views due to the increase in the level of advertisements and their knowledge about entrepreneurship. Originality/value: The current research considers entrepreneurship in public libraries as a great opportunity for managers and librarians. Considering that entrepreneurship can be acquired in libraries, librarians can use the benefits of entrepreneurial training to raise their level of work and provide entrepreneurial services to users. According to the goals and social roles of public libraries, entrepreneurship training in the society of librarians and users should be considered and implemented as one of the special requirements based on the goals and functions of these types of libraries because entrepreneurship training causes a change in the direction of personal entrepreneurial control of people and increase the amount of their personal control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of professional ethics on job performance by the mediation of the ethical climate in university libraries in Ahvaz.Method: The present study was applied research in terms of purpose and a quantitative study in terms of method, which has been done by the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study was librarians of university libraries in Ahvaz, 87 of whom participated in the research by census method. In this study, questionnaires on ethical climate, job performance, and professional ethics have been used. Analyses of instrument reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the ethical atmosphere questionnaire (0.86); the job performance questionnaire (0.80), and the professional ethics questionnaire (0.95) were calculated. To analyze the data, tests such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares method have been used.Results: The results showed that professional ethics has a significant effect on the job performance of librarians of university libraries in Ahvaz and the ethical atmosphere of libraries. On the other hand, the moral atmosphere has a significant effect on the professional performance of librarians in university libraries in Ahvaz. The results also indicated that professional ethics through the ethical atmosphere has a significant indirect effect on the job performance of librarians in academic libraries. According to the results, all four research hypotheses have been confirmed.Conclusions: The existence of ethical frameworks and guidelines in academic libraries can provide the basis for the emergence and consolidation of the ethical atmosphere in these libraries. A librarian can only perform well if he or she can demonstrate his or her moral and behavioral abilities in a favorable ethical environment and thus, can reach a wide range of clients tailored to their needs and characteristics.

Background. Job burnout is an important factor affecting human health, and it can reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of staff in various organizations, including academic libraries. This negative phenomenon may deprive libraries of experienced manpower, disrupting the educational and information needs of library users, ultimately leading to the failure of the library and its organization in achieving the intended goals and missions. This study aimed to optimize the performance of human resources and identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and burnout to help in planning to reduce the rate of burnout. Methods. This descriptive-correlational and applied research was carried out by census method on 126 librarians working in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ) was used to measure the amount of physical injury caused by work and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure the degree of burnout. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. P-value equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results. The findings indicated that the total rate of musculoskeletal disorders (32.96) and total job burnout (1.72) were lower than the population average. The highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck area (78.9%) and the lowest rate was in the lower leg (37.8%). Moreover, no significant difference was observed between male and female librarians in the variables of musculoskeletal disorders caused by work and job burnout. Conclusion. In general, musculoskeletal disorders had a positive relationship with all dimensions of job burnout except for individual performance. There was an increase in musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the rate of job burnout.

Objective: Volunteers to serve in the library are among the capacities that can be used to improve the organization of libraries. This research seeks to determine the factors and challenges of using volunteers in libraries from the point of view of the librarians of Astan Qods Razavi. Methodology: This applied research has been done through grounded theory as a qualitative research method. The statistical population of this research is all librarians of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Astan Qods Razavi Document Center who have 5 years of experience in librarianship. Sampling was done in a non-probability and purposeful way. The number of members of the sample community was determined based on the criteria of theoretical sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of 36 people. The data collection tool was a structured interview. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis method, Barouch, Strauss and Corbin three-step coding and using MAXQDA software. Findings: The results show that the librarians of Astan Qods consider the presence of volunteers in the organization as essential and this necessity is not only an organizational need but also a social necessity resulting from the desire of the community members to work and be active. They don't know about volunteering and they believe that the presence of volunteers will increase the society's awareness of the organization's goals and, as a result, influence the society on the one hand and improve the knowledge and skills of graduates and those interested in participating in scientific and cultural activities. Also, the results of the research showed that the employees face professional and organizational challenges to support and cooperate with the volunteers and the challenges that are related to the nature of the volunteer activity. Choosing candidates with appropriate academic status and academic resume and involving employees and middle managers will reduce the professional and organizational challenges of employees. Challenges such as considering volunteer work as futile and the temporary presence of volunteers in the organization depend on the nature of volunteer work and need to change the organizational culture, which can be improved by training, communication and holding friendly meetings between employees and volunteers. Conclusion: Libraries can attract interested and talented volunteers through proper information. Retaining volunteers in the library requires systematic planning to overcome the challenges faced by volunteers, administrators, and staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human resources are the main asset of any organization. The optimal use of this valuable asset has increased the need to pay attention to this enormous capacity. One of the issues that can erode the human resources of organizations and make them ineffective is the occurrence of conflict in interpersonal relationships. Although conflict is a common thing within organizations, and of course, the library environment and the professional life of librarians are not except, an important issue that should be taken into account is that conflicts must be managed to have appropriate professional interactions. The ability to manage and resolve conflict is not simple, and to achieve it, people must have special personal and psychological characteristics, so that with the help of these characteristics, one can experience unfortunate events and emotions and at the same time be able to solve personal and social problems. In this context, one of the important psychological characteristics that have been raised and emphasized in the field of human resources in the last two decades is psychological capital. Psychological capital is a state of positive psychological development and consists of four positive psychological resources including hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. Existing studies show the role of psychological capital in improving occupational health components, reducing tensions, and the psychological well-being of employees. Such consequences bring to mind the possibility that psychological capital can be a determining component in the process of conflict management and resolution. Based on this, the purpose of the current research was to determine library employees' psychological capital and its relationship in predicting conflict resolution strategies in the form of two statistical models Methodology: This research is quantitative research with a correlational descriptive methodology with practical goals. The statistical population of the research consists of public library librarians of Semnan province, which consist of 140 people. Using simple random sampling, 89 librarians (61 female and 28 male with average age of 34.32 years old) were selected from this population. The psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) and conflict resolution questionnaire (CRQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods including binomial test and structural equation modeling (SEM) used in SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used. Findings: The results of the binomial test showed that the proportion of people in the group with a higher score in self-efficacy (73.49), hope (83.33), resilience (75), and optimism (71.43) was more than the group with a lower score in these variables. Also, in the total score of psychological capital, the proportion of people in the group with higher scores (77.38) was higher. But in conflict resolution strategies and its components, it was also found that except for the three components of conflict as positive and natural, focusing on the future and creating a mutual benefit agreement in other components, the difference between the groups is significant. In fact, the scores of the librarians of both groups are close to each other in these three components and have a small gap with the expected ratio, but in other components, the difference between the groups is significant and the observed ratios are higher for the group with high scores. In the general variable of conflict resolution, the scores of the group with a high score (77.53) are significantly higher than the group with a lower score (22.47). In addition, in the test of research models using SEM, the validity and reliability of psychological capital and conflict resolution measurement models were evaluated and confirmed. Then, in the examination of structural relationships, it was found that psychological capital can positively and significantly predict conflict resolution and explains about 42% of the variance of conflict resolution strategies. Also, among the 10 components of conflict resolution, this variable is capable of predicting the components of conceiving conflict as positive and natural, creating an atmosphere and situation of conflict resolution, clarifying, and providing solutions and goals. The calculation of the fitness indexes of the research models also indicated the optimal fitness of the assumed model with the data. Conclusion: According to the results, the level of psychological capital of employees is acceptable, but not high. Also, in most of the conflict resolution strategies, the score of the sample is at the average level or slightly above the average, and especially in the three conflict strategies is relatively weak. Therefore, in the context of increasing the level of psychological capital and improving employee conflict management strategies, library managers should prepare actions and interventions. Revealing the role of psychological capital in determining the appropriate solutions to resolve conflicts that arise for employees in the work environment can promise to solve the shortcomings in this field. Using the findings of this research, actions can be taken to solve interpersonal problems and improve relationships in the work environment with the help of employees' internal capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The mission of public libraries is to increase reading and promote reading in the society, and in addition to common capitals such as human capital, economic capital, etc., and it has social capital, which is a cure for the pains of societies, especially developing and multicultural societies. Investing in customer loyalty is an effective and beneficial investment for service companies. It is important to maintain loyal customers because they ensure the repeated use and more use of the library and its services. Although increasing the number of users is one of the most important goals of libraries, research has shown that the cost of keeping current customers is lower than the cost of attracting new customers. Therefore, what is important is to determine the loyalty of library users, which means usage, satisfaction with services and planning and taking action to increase it. Because having an efficient library with loyal patrons and satisfied with the services provided can facilitate the process of user interaction with the library, and as a result, loyal users have positive consequences and many benefits for the library. Loyalty measurement has intensified especially now that libraries are faced with the challenge of losing clients or reducing their frequency of visits on the one hand and the existence of technological communication networks to meet people's information needs as an alternative to visiting, on the other hand. Also, despite the vast improvements in terms of physical and human resources in the country's public libraries, the issue of the audience and the distance of the audience from the library is an issue that we are still facing, and the institution of public libraries should have proper planning in the field of customer communication, audience attraction, service marketing and increasing user loyalty. Therefore, in this research, the effect of social capital of librarians on the loyalty of members is investigated with regard to the mediating role of social responsibility of public libraries in order to determine whether the social capital of librarians and the social responsibility of public libraries simultaneously have a place in explaining the increase in loyalty of members based on theoretical modeling and its analytical measurement. Methodology: The present research is a descriptive-survey of a quantitative type and in terms of the relationship between the variables of the research, it is of a causal type. The statistical population included all members of the library and 127 librarians working in public libraries of Markazi Province. Sample size was measured using Cochran's stratified sampling method; It was calculated for the limited society (librarians) equal to 95 people and the unlimited society (library members) equal to 384 people. To measure social capital from the questionnaire of 24 questions of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1999) with three dimensions (cognitive, relational and structural) (α=0.805), social responsibility from the questionnaire of Carroll (1991) in the form of 28 items with four components: economic responsibility, responsibility legal, ethical responsibility and social responsibility (α=0.791) and member loyalty from Caruana's customer loyalty scale (2002) with 21 items in ten dimensions (customer loyalty to the service provider; overall service quality; service costs; service receipt time; evaluation difficulty service; service provider's special knowledge about customers; information search cost; service provider stability; service geographic distance estimation and service quality performance scale) (α=0.766) were used. SPSS version 25 and Lisrel version 8.8 software were used for data analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test research hypotheses. Findings: The results show that the correlation coefficient of librarians' social capital with the social responsibility of libraries and the loyalty of library members is 0.558 and 0.537, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between the social responsibility of libraries and the loyalty of library members is 0.508, which is positive and significant. (P<0.001). The average answers for three research variables were determined to be higher than the average of the questionnaire (score 3). Also, the RMSEA index was equal to 0.068 and it is less than the threshold of 0.08 and the ratio of Chi-square to the degree of freedom is equal to 1.41 and it is less than the threshold of 3. Also, the GFI and AGFI indices are equal to 0.94 and 0.91, respectively, which show favorable values, in addition, the factor loadings are also at a suitable level for all items (T>1.65); Therefore, the fit indices of the model are also at a suitable and acceptable level and the research model is confirmed. So that it can be said that the social capital of librarians has a positive and significant effect on the social responsibility of public libraries and the loyalty of library members, and the social responsibility of public libraries has a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of library members. On the other hand, it was found that the greatest effect is related to the influence of librarians' social capital on the social responsibility of public libraries. Discussion and Conclusion: As one of the influential institutions in the society, public libraries have a prominent role in the production of social capital for different societies, and in principle, one of the main goals of creating and establishing these libraries in societies can be interpreted in order to highlight this role. With regard to the purpose of investigating the effect of social capital of librarians through the mediating role of social responsibility of libraries on the loyalty of members of public libraries in central province, a model was proposed in the field of the relationship between key variables and confirmed after analysis. Strengthening the intensity of loyalty through librarians' attention to the library's social responsibility is very important. The social responsibility of libraries makes customers loyal to the library and return to the library will have positive effects on the growth and development of books and reading. Paying more attention to the customer, compared to paying more attention to profit, brings more sustainable profits to organizations. Also, libraries that are active in fulfilling social responsibility achieve a good image of the library and positive experiences among members, and accordingly, they attract their satisfaction and increase the offer of library membership to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning among public librarians in Fars province. Method: This study is an applied study which was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population included all librarians of public libraries in Fars province in 1400 (322 people), from whom 175 librarians were selected as the research sample using simple random sampling. In order to collect people's opinions, Bukowitz and Williams (1999) standard knowledge management questionnaire and organizational learning questionnaire based on Neefe theory (2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 22. and descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used. Findings: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) among the librarians of public libraries in Fars province. Furthermore, among KM’s components, knowledge production and consolidation and sharing had the most correlation with OL (respectively 0.900 and 0/898 correlation coefficients). Moreover, the result of multiple linear regression showed that there is a 100-percent common variance between KM and OL. The production and consolidation component is the strongest predictor for OL (Beta=0.197). This research showed that knowledge production and consolidation component (acquisition of required skills in accordance with organizational goals) and knowledge sharing (transfer and sharing of effective individual and organizational experiences) have the greatest relationship and impact on the promotion and improvement of OL. Originality/value: The issue of knowledge management has been an issue of concern in public library literature in recent years. However, the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning has not been studied much; In addition, examining this issue among the community of public library librarians of Fars province has been the focus of attention in the present study. The results of this research can pave the way for library managers to try to improve knowledge and knowledge management that has led to organizational learning by planning, appropriate policies, and providing standards.

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the level of participation in knowledge management and the critical thinking tendency among librarians of central libraries of public universities in Tehran. Methodology: This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of research method and is a survey branch. In addition, according to the purpose, it falls into the category of applied research. The statistical population of this study consisted of librarians of the central libraries of public universities in Tehran, whose number was 210 people. Using the Morgan table, a sample number of 136 people was obtained. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires: Employee Participation in Knowledge Management (Kulkarni et al. (2007)) and the California Critical Thinking Tendency Questionnaire (1992). The supervisor validated both questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire on employee participation in knowledge management was 0.946 and for the questionnaire of critical thinking tendency was 0.933. The data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software. Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the variable of critical thinking tendency and participation in knowledge management. Conclusion: Researchers define and examine critical thinking in two dimensions: critical thinking skills and tendencies, in previous researches the relationship between knowledge management and the skills dimension was investigated, but in this research, the relationship between participation in knowledge management and the dimension of tendency to critical thinking was investigated.

Aim: This study aims to design a model for evaluating and improving ICT skills (software, hardware, networking, and communication skills) for public library librarians of Khuzestan Province.Methodology: The research is applied one by purpose, and was done by using the meta-synthesis technique for determining the characteristics of the ICT according to existing resources. Qualitative content analysis of the core resources, Delphi technique for the views of the experts about the ICT criteria, and structural equation modeling for evaluation of the confirmed criteria of the Delphi panel by the librarians are used. Using content analysis,129 concepts from 15 articles were extracted. These concepts have been transformed into a questionnaire consisting of 35 criteria with reliability (0.978) and validity (0.90) by implementing three stages of the Delphi technique and with the approval of 20 experts Delphi panel. The statistical population for implementing the questionnaire included 327 public library librarians of Khuzestan province in 2020. By proportional attribution sampling method, 100 librarians were selected and a questionnaire was distributed among them.Findings: The findings of the research show that software skills with a load Factor of (0.95), hardware skills with a load Factor of (0.88), network skills with a load Factor of (0.91), and technical and communication skills with a load Factor of (0.87) in a correlated relationship affect the improvement of information and communication technology skills of librarians.Therefore, the finding shows that public library librarians have a positive attitude toward the use of information and communication technologies according to Davis et al. (1989) theory of technology acceptance, and this positive attitude leads to a desire to use and improve information and communication skills. Also, by citing four determining and effective factors in the willingness and use of technology in the integrated theory of acceptance, it can be inferred that the librarians participating in this study believed that using information technologies and communication affect their performance and career success.Conclusion: According to the results, first the software skills are important for the librarians, then network skills are mentioned more useful for them, and in the end hardware and communication skills are regarded. Fit indicators also confirm that the proposed model has a very high validity.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the multiple relationships between the dimensions of social status of librarians and the structural, cognitive, communicative dimensions of social capital in public libraries in Khuzestan. Method: This is a quantitative applied study in terms of purpose that was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of study includes all librarians of public libraries in Khuzestan province (numbered 390), from whom 194 people were selected as the research sample using Cochran formula. To collect data, the social status questionnaire (Najafpour Moghadam and Mohammadi, 1400 SH) and Nahapit and Goshal (1998) social capital questionnaire were used. Descriptive and inferential tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 26. Findings: The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the five dimensions of social status and the three dimensions of social capital. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between librarians’ views on social status and its dimensions in the interaction between academic degree and work experience. Examination of the sub-components also showed that there is a significant difference in the structural dimension and librarians with different degrees have different views on the structural dimension. Originality/value: This study is innovative in that it has studied the social status and social capital of librarians from the perspective of Khuzestan indigenous culture and has examined the demographic variables in the relationship between social status and social capital of librarians.

Purpose: The Purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-awareness and job performance among the librarians of public libraries in East Azerbaijan province. Method: This research is an applied study in terms of purpose and quantitative-descriptive and correlational in terms the type and manner of collecting research data, which was conducted using the survey method. The research population consisted of all librarians of public libraries of East Azerbaijan province, who numbered 273 according to the statistics of Iran Public Libraries Foundation. According to Cochran's formula, 160 cases were selected as a statistical sample and questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. 81 librarians completed and returned questionnaires. For data collection, Saleh Bolourdi questionnaire for self-awareness (2009) was used and for job performance, two questionnaires were used: questionnaire on functional job performance by Birneh et al. (2005), and questionnaire on contextual job performance by Connery (1999). The content validity of the research instrument was verified by experts and specialists, and the reliability of the questionnaire was equal to 0.756 for the self-awareness questionnaire and 0.925 for the job performance questionnaire, according to Cronbach’s alpha coefficient respectively. Due to the normality of data distribution, Pearson correlation test was used to discover the relationship between the two variables and multiple regression test was used to predict the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Findings: Pearson correlation test results showed that there was a meaningful correlation between self-awareness of public librarians and their job performance (0.289). The results of multiples linear regression explain three variables of task job performance, including: self-wareness in public setting (0.171), self-wareness in personal setting (0.180) and self-awareness in managerial position (0.445). They also explain three variables of contextual job performance, including: self-wareness in public setting (0.188), self-wareness in personal setting (0.253) and self-awareness in managerial position (0.460). Originality/value: The present study is innovative in that it has independently examined the role of self-awareness and its dimensions in the task and contextual job performance of public librarians. According to the research findings, self-awareness can be a major factor in improving the job performance of librarians. Therefore, Iran Public Libraries Foundation can design and run the necessary workshops and educational programs to increase the level of self-awareness of librarians.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between of organizational innovation and emotional intelligence on organizational commitment in librarians of Rasht public libraries. This research is descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of all librarians in the public libraries of Rasht city in 1398, among which 70 were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data in this study, the innovative organizational climate of Citgol and Koheim (1978), self-developed Emotional Intelligence (1996) and organizational Commitment Allen and Meyer (1991) were used. Data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient moment showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between organizational innovation and organizational commitment (P < 0.01). Also there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment (P < 0.01). Data analysis using regression analysis showed that organizational innovation was a positive and significant predictor of organizational commitment (p < 0.01) as well as the predictive emotional intelligence of the organizational commitment (p < 0.01). According to the findings obtained by designing and holding programs and workshops of librarians in the field of informing them to promote organizational innovation and emotional intelligence, it is essential to improve the organizational commitment of these individuals by promoting organizational innovation and emotional intelligence of librarians in libraries.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of librarians about the degree of compliance of the integrated management system in the libraries of Shahid Chamran University and Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences with the Semantic WebMethodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by survey method and with a descriptive approach. The statistical population of the study consists of all librarians of the libraries of Shahid Chamran University and Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences this study a researcher-made checklist was used to collect data. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data.Findings: Findings showed that the level of knowledge of librarians about the semantic web in general and by components was limited. The results also showed that in the opinion of librarians in the study community, the comprehensive software available in the librarians of two universities has limited compatibility with the semantic web. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between demographic variables and librarians familiarity with the semantic web.Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that from the point of view of librarians the degree of adaptation of the comprehensive software available in the studied libraries to the semantic web has been limited. librarians also have limited knowledge of the semantic web and need to be trained in this area.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting knowledge management in Golestan University university libraries in 2018. The statistical population of this research includes all librarians working in Golestan university libraries in 2018.Methods: The present study is a descriptive survey and correlation. A descriptive description of which findings are described in the same way as collected and the relationships between variables are examined and evaluated. Since the information was provided by a sample of the main community by the questionnaire obtained from the survey of this survey. In the present study, the viewpoint of experts was used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes all librarians working in Golestan University libraries in 2018, with 50 people. Because the population of this study was limited in the present study, the census method was used to prepare and determine the size of the statistical sample; That is, all the people of the statistical population have been investigated by questionnaires.Results: According to the results, the understanding of managers of university libraries ranked first (90%). Since organizational culture is one of the factors affecting knowledge management, the use of new culture with knowledge management changes should be accompanied by organizational continuity in library affairs.IT infrastructure has ranked second (71%). Creating and enhancing information technology infrastructure create a complex and dynamic information structure in libraries and lead to an easy sharing of information; This technology helps members of libraries to receive scientific data from external specialists, in addition, information technology will meet the needs of the team cooperation. The familiarity of librarians with the concept of knowledge management was ranked third (64%); The acquaintance of librarians with the concept of knowledge management provides a strategy for optimal exploitation of knowledge and intellectual forces of librarians; This facilitates the implementation of knowledge management. Librarians as human resources have a significant role in realizing the goals of the organization and are considered valuable assets and important resources and strategic capital in the organization. Furthermore, organizational culture ranked fourth (61%).Conclusions: Understanding academic libraries managers with the concept of knowledge management will identify and analyze existing knowledge and processes related to planning and subsequent control of operations for the development of capital and processes to provide libraries goals.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Educational-Research Interactions between Professors and Students with Librarians in Mazandaran University Scientific Production using Structural Equation Modeling. Methods: This study is practical in terms of purpose and how to collect information description. The statistical population was 1434 people of Professors, Students, and Librarians who were selected through Cochran's formula 485 as a sample. The questionnaire of Narimani's (2021) thesis, SPSS26, and SMART PLS Software were used to measure variables and data analysis. Results: The effect of Teacher-Student Educational & Research Interactions with Librarians on Scientific Productions is significant. Teacher-Student Educational Interactions with Librarians (β=0.323) affect directly Scientific Productions and Research Interactions (β=0.472) too. The results of the Structural Equation Model indicate the appropriate fit of the proposed model. Conclusions: Professor-Student educational & Research Interactions with librarians as the most constant factor in empowering the scientific production of Mazandaran University was increasing academic output. Therefore, considering the role of Librarians of this era (reference, consultant, and educator), these Interactions can be highlighted by holding conferences, meetings, and workshops. It also provides a clear picture of the experiences of University Professors, Students & Librarians, which can be helpful in the University's Macro-Decisions to advance & develop research.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the network society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. It is based on Castells's network society theory.Methodology: The present study was qualitative in terms of type of research and has an applied orientation. In this research, the method of thematic analysis has been used in order to discover the concepts related to the network society and the professional identity of Quds Razavi librarians. In order to provide the data needed to analyze and answer the research questions, semi-structured interview tools were used. The sampling method in the present study is non-probability purposeful. The sample size of the present study consists of 14 librarians of Astan Quds libraries. The data obtained from this research have been analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis method.Findings: As a result of analyzing the interviews using thematic analysis method, 5 comprehensive themes of professional roles and goals, how to interact with the global network, spheres of influence, the impact of professional identity from participation in global networks and the effects of librarians' interaction with a networked society on the librarianship profession has been extracted in connection with the role of a networked society in the professional identity of librarians of Astan Quds Razavi. Also, these 5 comprehensive themes include 15 organizing themes, which have been extracted from 135 basic themes.Conclusion: According to the research findings, the development of society towards the global network has always been part of librarians' concern about the job threats posed by it. Challenges such as rapid technological change and the proliferation of information that is sometimes unscientific and undocumented, and the diminishing role of books, libraries, and librarians, have raised concerns for librarians. But what is important and plays a significant role in strengthening the sense of identity of librarians is the development of information services and countless service opportunities that will be achieved by improving the skills of librarians and highlighting the role of professional and experienced managers. In other words, with the advancement of technology and global networks, the main mission of libraries and consequently librarians do not change, but with the development of individual competencies of librarians and the development of libraries and library services, not only their professional identity it is not a threat, but only the way in which libraries and librarians operate in the context of digital development, evolving and evolving. Librarians can develop their social and personal communication network as the global network community develops, and by synchronizing information and transferring experiences and providing the necessary training to the audience to participate in these communication networks, librarians can. In this regard, the role of professional, experienced and motivating managers in the sense of identity of librarians is very important. Librarians can help maintain libraries in an ever-changing world of information by developing a social network and expanding voluntary activities in an interactive and collaborative manner nationally and globally.

Background.Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate academic librarians' views on the application of components of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional survey study. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working at medical science universities in Iran. The sample size comprised 183 librarians who participated in the present research study. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and reliability was assessed, using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and AR technology and its reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient of 0.96 and test-retest method. Using the online questionnaire, the librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions. Data analysis with SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of AR technology components. Results. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of AR technology was on the scale of five Likert options with an average total score of 3.75. 0.05. Overall, 73.65% of librarians agreed with AR technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch AR. Librarians older than 50 years considered the AR component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age. Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the most important components for the use of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and the opportunity to implement AR on a larger scale. The librarians' attitudes toward launching AR technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. Background Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate librarians' views on the components of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods The research method was survey and the type of study was applied. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population comprised 183 academic librarians in medical science universities under supervision of Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Data was collected by using an online survey conducted with 52 questions to examine familiarity of librarians with AR, its application, potential advantages, opportunities, and challenges in medical science university libraries in 2021. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This instrument had ten sections. It first examined the respondents' demographic information (age, sex, occupation, and level of education). The other sections examined their familiarity with AR technology (one question), the application of AR technology (12 questions), facilities and requirements of AR technology (four questions), acceptance of AR (three questions), advantages of AR (nine questions), helping with library management (seven questions), helping users (four questions), helping librarians (eight questions), AR technology limitations (one question), and AR technology opportunities (three questions). The reliability of an instrument is related to the degree of its stability in measuring the intended construct. To ensure the face and content validity, the questionnaire was examined and approved by several professors and experts, and then modified based on their comments. The internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and its reliability was assessed using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and augmented reality technology and its reliability was obtained through test-retest method and the calculated Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was 0.96. Using the online questionnaire, librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions (from grade 1 strongly disagree to grade 5 strongly agree). Data analysis by SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of augmented reality technology components. Results The librarians' overall attitude toward AR technology was assessed on a five-point Likert scale, with the mean of 3.75 and a standard deviation of 0.59. In general, they agreed with 73.65% of the ten items. Compared to other components, the application of AR technology had an average of 4.17(86.99%) and the highest score. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of augmented reality technology was at a desirable level, 73.65% of librarians agreed with augmented reality technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch augmented reality. Librarians older than 50 years considered the augmented reality component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age. The ANOVA measured the relationship between the mean components of AR technology and the participants' age. According to Tukey's test, in terms of helping with library management, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.007) in the age groups of >50 and 30 years, the score being higher in the >50 years' group. Based on Tukey's test, the relationship between librarianship and different age groups was evaluated, and the results showed a significant difference between the age groups of 30 and >50 years (p-value = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the components of AR technology based on the field of study. According to Tukey's test, the relationship between total score and different age groups was evaluated. The results indicated a significant difference between the average age groups of 30 years and >50 years (p-value =0.03). The total score was higher in the >50 years than the 30 years’ age group. Librarians' familiarity had an average of 3.02; 60.54% of them were familiar with AR technology. Thus, their familiarity with AR technology was above average (average=3 in Likert). To assess their views on the use of AR technology (application) in the libraries of medical universities, 12 sub-questions were asked about AR technology use, 83.48% of the librarians agreed with the AR applications in the library. Thus, their attitudes toward AR technology efficiency were at an optimal level. In terms of facilities and requirements for launching the AR technology, four items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.53% of the librarians agreed with the AR facilities and requirements in the academic library. Their attitudes towards facilitating the management of university libraries using technology were assessed via seven items about AR, 78.28% of the librarians agreed with all the statements. In terms of acceptance of technology, three items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.61% of the librarians agreed with the AR acceptance. Regarding the advantages of AR technology, nine items were provided in the questionnaire, 74.29% of the librarians agreed with the all items. Thus, their views on the benefits of technology in library management were at a desirable level. Eight questions in the category of helping librarians were asked and, the librarians agreed with all the statements (79.48%), showing a desirable level. The librarians were also asked about the specifics of AR technology for library users in four items. Based on the findings, a desirable level of agreement was found with all the statements (79.48%). One question was posed on the limits and challenges of AR technology, with 59.67% agreement, the agreement level was above average. The librarians also mentioned opportunities that AR technology conferred in three areas, 77.77% of them agreed with all of the statements. Conclusion Librarians' attitudes toward launching augmented reality technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. According to the results of the present study, the most important components of the use of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and opportunity to implement augmented reality on a larger scale. The application of AR technology, measured by 12 items from the point of view of librarians, had the highest score compared to other components. The librarians believe in the applicability of AR technology in different sections of the library. The benefits of AR technology for librarians are somewhat clear, and this is due to the nature of any technology and people's expectations of it. Therefore, based on the results, AR technology is potentially useful. According to the librarians, emerging technologies primarily create opportunities and facilitate works due to using new library software, databases, devices, and tools. University libraries must implement new equipment according to the needs of society to retain their users and disseminate information and knowledge to the audience as their main goal. The librarians' attitude toward AR technology was desirable. Practical Implications of Research The results of the study show that librarians acknowledge the applicability of emerging augmented reality technology. Improving the quality of library services, assisting librarians and the community of academic library users is done by librarians due to the acceptance of technology, so the libraries of medical universities can take steps to strengthen the specialized affairs of libraries by launching augmented reality technology in the library.Ethical Considerations In the present study, attention has been paid to all the items that are ethical requirements, including the condition of fidelity and honesty. Completion of the questionnaire did not require entering the name and the necessary assurance in the field of confidentiality had been given to the user. The participants’ consent had also been obtained before they participated in the study. Conflict of Interest There is no conflict of interest among the authors. Acknowledgment The present article is an excerpt from the doctoral dissertation entitled "Study of Augmented Reality Technology in the Libraries of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran" with the code 1202.8633. The authors of this article are grateful for the support of Payam-e-Noor University in conducting research and publishing this article, and for the esteemed reviewers who promoted the article

Objective: This study aimed to understand the level of knowledge and use of artificial intelligence technology by librarians of university libraries.Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-applied survey. The statistical population contains of all the librarians of both Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The census method was used and eventually 79 responses were collected. Data was collected using Wood and Allen's (2018) questionnaire and S.P.S.S. Software; Version 24 was used for analysis.Findings: Findings on the use and interaction of librarians in the library around artificial intelligence and virtual assistants (library-related data on artificial intelligence and virtual assistants) equals to 3.295, which demonstrates a significant difference compared to the standard number. This result indicates that the use and interaction of librarians in the library with regard to artificial intelligence and virtual assistants are at a desirable level. Most librarians are unsure about the use of AI-based capabilities as a means of communicating with members, with 38 percent saying that administrators do not use this capacity for interaction and only 12.7 percent use librarians' capabilities. Based on artificial intelligence as a means of communicating with members. In a workshop held on artificial intelligence and virtual assistants, most librarians stated that the practice is not performed, and only 4 percent acknowledged that this technology is used in libraries. Most librarians (53.2%) believe that artificial intelligence will have a positive effect on work, and most librarians (58.2%) believe that artificial intelligence can improve the quality of library services. The results also showed a significant difference between Shahid Chamran University and Ahvaz Jundishapur University in comparison with the variables of "active use of library intelligence" and "library staff’s interest in artificial intelligence capabilities."Conclusion: The use of artificial intelligence technology and virtual assistants to facilitate library activities is an obvious and important matter and is strongly recommended. In addition, the necessary infrastructure to use these technologies ought to be created. Although these systems cannot always be a good alternative for librarians, their presence in the library in the information age is necessity and cannot be ignored. Moreover, in interaction with the user, they promote the role of the librarian as an information interface. While these systems can not always be a good alternative for librarians, their presence in the library in the information age is a necessity that can not be ignored. In general, just as the advent of computers and library software in the past has increased the accuracy and speed of library services, it is clear that the introduction and application of artificial intelligence technology in libraries has not been ineffective. In this regard, the necessary training should be provided to librarians and library administrators, and even to users.

Objective: The present study was performed aiming to investigate the relationship between health literacy and the resources of gaining health literacy among the librarians working at Astan Quds Razavi. Health literacy is an important factor which preserves and promotes health and prevents disease. Gaining and increasing the health literacy leads to an increase in the health and life quality of people. Therefore, health literacy determines the health level. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlational in terms of methodology. Its data were collected using health literacy questionnaire applied by Montazeri and colleagues (2015) and the resources of gaining health literacy. The questionnaire included six attributes including accessability, study skills, understanding, evaluation, health information decision and application of health information. In order to confirm the validity of the research tools, the comments and viewpoints of some professors teaching at Imam Reza International University of Mashhad, Iran, were applied. In order to study the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. The total alpha coefficient for the health literacy was 0.95 and it was 0.7 for other dimensions of health literacy. This shows the reliability of the research tools. Considering the research time and place, the population was composed of all librarians working at Astan Quds Razavi library from 2020 to 2021 (160 persons); all were working during the corona pandemic as employed, contract, temporary contract, and daily staff. For the present study, considering the population features, random sampling was done among the librarians, and so 112 ones were selected. Findings: The research findings indicated that the librarians' health literacy level is higher than average; and gaining health literacy was mostly done through the internet, the virtual world and audio-visual media. Based on the findings, health literacy has a significant relationship with the resources of gaining health information such as internet, the virtual world, and participating in workshops and conferences related to Corona; moreover, there is a significant relationship between health and the dimensions of deciding upon health information and its application via audio-visual media. Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that there is no significant relationship between health literacy and the resources of gaining health information through doctors and nurses as well as knowledgeable people among relatives and friends and merely, there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of deciding upon health information as well as its application and the resources of gaining health information through the staff of medical centers and relatives and friends. Hence, utilizing such resources can increase the librarians' health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. One of the important factors affecting human health that may reduce their efficiency and effectiveness in various organizations, including academic libraries, is job burnout. This negative phenomenon may deprive libraries of experienced manpower, disrupting the educational and information needs of library users, ultimately leading to the failure of the library and its organization in achieving the intended goals and missions. This study, with the aim of optimizing the performance of human resources, set out to identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and burnout in an effort to help in planning to reduce the rate of burnout. Methods. The study is descriptive in nature and correlational and applied in terms of purpose. It was done by census method on 126 librarians of Ahvaz public universities (Jundishapur and Chamran universities). The Cornel questionnaire was used to measure the amount of physical injury caused by work and the Maslach questionnaire was used to measure the degree of burnout. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The significance level is considered to be equal to 5 percent. Results. The findings indicated that the total rate of musculoskeletal disorders (32.96) and total job burnout (1.72) were lower than the population average. The highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck area (78.9%) and the lowest rate was in the lower leg (37.8%). No significant difference was observed between male and female librarians of Ahvaz public universities in the variables of musculoskeletal disorders caused by work and job burnout. Conclusion. In general, musculoskeletal disorders have a positive relationship with all dimensions of job burnout except for individual performance, and there is an increase in musculoskeletal disorders, there is also a corresponding rise in the rate of job burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, the ability to establish effective communication and information literacy is one of the librarians' employment requirements. In libraries with using appropriate information literacy and the ability to communicate properly with users, librarians can play an important role in raising their information needs. Therefore all of these categories are necessary. Methodology: The present study is descriptive-correlative in terms of its purpose. Data were collected from a sample of 130 people by simple random sampling. The statistical population of the study included librarians of the libraries of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad's Islamic Azad University (Number, 163), as well as librarians of the Birjand University libraries and Islamic Azad University of Birjand (Number, 25) who were full-time at the time of the research (2018). Data were gathered using two questionnaires: Nikpour, Landscape and Rajaee Nejad (2012) with a reliability coefficient of 94 percent and communication skills of Rahnama Librarians (2012) with a reliability coefficient of 73 percent. Findings: Findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between information literacy and librarian communication skills and the amount of communication skills and information literacy of librarians in Mashhad and Birjand cities did not differ. There was a positive and significant relationship between all aspects of "information literacy" including identifying information needs, locating information, evaluating information, and efficient use of information and communication skills of librarians. Conclusion: The results reveal that the level of communication skills and information literacy of librarians and non-specialists are not the same. Also, demographic characteristics (gender, level of education, and service record) did not play a role in librarians' information literacy and communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Time management means the process of organizing and planning to divide your time between specific activities, including gaining experience and training. Employees need training and knowledge promotion to achieve organizational and individual goals. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between time management and staff training in Kerman public libraries. Methodology: The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical correlational. The statistical population included all staff and librarians of public libraries in Kerman with 645 people, of which 241 people were selected as a sample by random sampling method. Carroll and Kaufmann (1999) and Newey and Wilk (1993) staff training questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, one-sample t-test and multiple linear regressions. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between staff training and time management (p <0.05). Also, the situation of time management and training of librarians and staff was at a good level (p <0.05). The results of multiple linear regression also showed that there was no significant relationship between employees' perceptions of job-related/rank-related training and time management (p >0.05) and between employees' perceptions of self-related training and time management had an incremental (direct) and significant relationship (p <0.05). Conclusion: Library managers can use time management techniques and pay attention to the role of this valuable component, to train their staff and librarians to plan and help them promote personal growth and achieve career goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the important personality traits is positive thinking that increases the ability to create skills. On the other hand, having employees with strong communication skills is one of the important factors in the success of any service organization. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of positive thinking of the librarians of Mashhad public libraries and its effect on their communication skills. Methodology: This study was an applied research that has been conducted through survey. The research population included all the librarians of Mashhad public libraries (70 people). The desired sample (59 people) was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan's sample size table through simple random sampling. The required data were collected by Ingram and Visnicky's positive thinking questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire of communication skills. The gathered data were analyzed through the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The findings showed that the level of positive thinking of the librarians was undesirable. Positive thinking had a significant effect on communication skills of the librarians. A detailed analysis showed that some of the positive thinking components had a greater effect on the components of verbal and non-verbal communication skills. The "positive daily thinking" and "others' evaluations of self" components had the most effect on verbal communication skills. Also, the component of "others' evaluations of self" had the most effect on non-verbal communication skills. However, the "self-confidence" component had the least effect on verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, learning or enhancing positive-thinking will directly affect the enhancement and improvement of the librarians' communication skills. Therefore, improvement of the librarians' positive thinking through the implementation of workshops and training courses, under the supervision of professional associations and the allocation of certain budgets for all costs of these activities is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the role of knowledge management in the impact of intellectual capital components on innovation in public libraries. Methodology: The research method is survey-analytical and the statistical population is 382 librarians of public libraries in Iran. SPSS 23 software was used to analyze descriptive data and LISREL software was used to analyze inferential data. Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and innovation that the coefficient of intellectual capital on innovation is equal to (1.691). There is also a significant relationship between knowledge management and intellectual capital that the path coefficient between the variables of knowledge management and intellectual capital is equal to (0.433). The results of the structural equation model show that the model proposed by researchers has a good fit and there is a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and innovation with the mediating role of knowledge management in Iranian public libraries. Conclusion: Public libraries can ensure the survival and effectiveness of their performance by paying more attention to their intellectual and knowledge capital; i.e., identifying, improving and strengthening intellectual capital and its dimensions as one of the important capabilities of public libraries in creating and storing. Sharing, applying, and evaluating organizational knowledge can lead to the development of innovative activities.

Aim: This study aims to design a model for evaluating and improving ICT skills (software, hardware, networking, and communication skills) for public library librarians of Khuzestan Province. Methodology: The research is applied one by purpose, and was done by using the metasynthesis technique for determining the characteristics of the ICT according to existing resources. Qualitative content analysis of the core resources, Delphi technique for the views of the experts about the ICT criteria, and structural equation modeling for evaluation of the confirmed criteria of the Delphi panel by the librarians are used. Using content analysis, 129 concepts from 15 articles were extracted. These concepts have been transformed into a questionnaire consisting of 35 criteria with reliability (0.978) and validity (0.90) by implementing three stages of the Delphi technique and with the approval of 20 experts Delphi panel. The statistical population for implementing the questionnaire included 327 public library librarians of Khuzestan province in 2020. By proportional attribution sampling method, 100 librarians were selected and a questionnaire was distributed among them. Findings: The findings of the research show that software skills with a load Factor of (0.95), hardware skills with a load Factor of (0.88), network skills with a load Factor of (0.91), and technical and communication skills with a load Factor of (0.87) in a correlated relationship affect the improvement of information and communication technology skills of librarians. Therefore, the finding shows that public library librarians have a positive attitude toward the use of information and communication technologies according to Davis et al. (1989) theory of technology acceptance, and this positive attitude leads to a desire to use and improve information and communication skills. Also, by citing four determining and effective factors in the willingness and use of technology in the integrated theory of acceptance, it can be inferred that the librarians participating in this study believed that using information technologies and communication affect their performance and career success. Conclusion: According to the results, first the software skills are important for the librarians, then network skills are mentioned more useful for them, and in the end hardware and communication skills are regarded. Fit indicators also confirm that the proposed model has a very high validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: 360-degree feedback seems to be a more comprehensive view of appraising capabilities, behavior, competence, and performance of individuals in the organization than other methods of performance appraisal. This study endeavored to appraise librarians’ performance in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, through 360-degree feedback. Methods: This study conducted by a survey-analysis methodology. The population consisted of 43 librarians, 43 superiors, 43 colleagues, and 80 users; accordingly, census sampling method was employed. Each librarian was assessed by one supervisor, all colleagues, two users, and a self-assessment questionnaire was filled by each librarian. The data was collected by pre-prepared questionnaires by Farajpahlou et al. To analyze the data. This study employed the Student's t, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Duncan, analysis of variance tests. Results: Librarians’ performance in total (4.37), and status of their performance in moral-value (4.47), functional (4.37), and process (4.34) skills were higher than average level. There was no significant difference between the results of four groups in the moral-value index and functional skills, but there was a significant difference between the users and other assessors in the process skills. Conclusion: Given the low mean in the process index, it seems necessary to take effective steps by librarians to improve communication with users. These results could be used by managers and librarians to identify the strengths and weaknesses of librarians’ performance.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Iranian Medical and Non-Medical librarians towards COVID. This survey can collect information about what is recognized, believed, and done by a particular population. Methodology: The present study is a survey method that was conducted using the online questionnaire from October 1, 2020, to November 1, 2020. The statistical population of the study was the communities of non-medical Librarians of Iran with 523 people and medical Librarians with 250 people. Due to social distance measures (physical distance) and restrictions, data were collected by sending an online questionnaire on social networks. The questionnaire used in this research was the standard questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes and practice included demographic questions, knowledge, practice, and practice. Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the measuring instrument and structural validity was used to evaluate the validity of the measuring instrument. The validity (KMO>0/7) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha>0/7) of the questionnaire were confirmed. Results: the mean COVID-19 knowledge scores of non-medical Librarians and medical librarians are 13.28 and 15.4 respectively. This result shows medical librarians have good knowledge towards COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 attitude scores of non-medical Librarians and medical librarians are 10.52 and 11.72, which indicates that 97.6% of medical librarians have a proper attitude of COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 Practice scores of non-Medical Librarians and medical librarians are 19.33 and 21.66. It shows that 68.5% of medical librarians have a positive practice in preventing COVID-19 and taking preventive measures. Conclusions: there is a significant relationship between the educational group of respondents and their KAP towards COVID-19. Non-Medical Librarians should raise their level of knowledge and awareness as information consultants in the community. The high score of knowledge in medical librarians compared to non-medical librarians means that they are completely aware of Covid 19 disease and are fully aware of its clinical symptoms such as dry cough, fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. This group of librarians knows who the high-risk individuals are for the Covid 19, how the virus can be transmitted more, and there is no effective cure for the disease right now. They have more information about pseudo-scientific information and do not resort to it to manage the disease. The views and attitudes of both groups on the subject of Covid 19 are not the same, and medical librarians have a more realistic and positive attitude than non-medical librarians. The group of medical librarians has a better Practice compared to the group of non-medical librarians in terms of preventive action and observing the issues raised.

Introduction: The concept of health literacy can be categorized as cognitive and socials skill that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to access, understand, and use information in a way that maintains and promotes their health. This study endeavored to determine the relationship between health literacy, resilience, and mental health of Kermanshah public librarians. Methods: The population for this survey study consists of Kermanshah public librarians. The questionnaires of Montazeri et al., Goldberg and Hillier as well as Connor and Davidson were employed to collect data and measure the variables of health literacy, mental health and resilience, respectively. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by five professors in the field of information science and the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated through Cronbach's alpha To analyze the data and fit the model, frequency distribution tables, and structural equation modeling in Warp Piels were used. Results: The results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between health literacy and librarians 'mental health as well as between librarians' health literacy and resilience. Finally, it was found that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and mental health. Conclusion: Because librarians' mental health has a great impact on their services, so discovering and strengthening the factors affecting mental health can have a significant impact on improving the organizational performance of public libraries. Findings revealed that it seems that focusing on improving librarians' mental health by increasing health literacy; consequently, their resilience to achieve more appropriate outcomes, is an important issue that has a mutual reinforcing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the complications of Covid-19 has become a social crisis of using virtual networks. This study endeavored to determine the effects of Covid-19 on dependence on virtual networks and the quality of social relations of librarians. Methods: The study was a survey type. The population was the librarians of the public libraries of the Markazi province, and due to the limited population, the census method was used (174 individuals). Data were collected using questionnaires of Internet addiction, social relations, and social effects of Covid-19. The gathered data were analyzed through Correlation Coefficient & One way ANOVA tests. Results: There is a significant negative relationship between virtual networks and social relations among the librarians of public libraries in Markazi Province, and the moderating role of Covid-19 in the relationship between virtual networks and social relations. Conclusion: The prevalence of Covid-19 can incur social costs to librarians, who are active in Cyberspace and in providing public services; reduce their commitment to family, job, and friends. Therefore, knowing the consequences of dependence on virtual networks can keep individuals and their families from harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Educational-Research Interactions between Professors and Students with Librarians in Mazandaran University Scientific Production using Structural Equation Modeling. Methods: This study is practical in terms of purpose and how to collect information description. The statistical population was 1434 people of Professors, Students, and Librarians who were selected through Cochran's formula 485 as a sample. The questionnaire of Narimani's (2021) thesis, SPSS26, and SMART PLS Software were used to measure variables and data analysis. Results: The effect of Teacher-Student Educational & Research Interactions with Librarians on Scientific Productions is significant. Teacher-Student Educational Interactions with Librarians (β=0.323) affect directly Scientific Productions and Research Interactions (β=0.472) too. The results of the Structural Equation Model indicate the appropriate fit of the proposed model. Conclusions: Professor-Student educational & Research Interactions with librarians as the most constant factor in empowering the scientific production of Mazandaran University was increasing academic output. Therefore, considering the role of Librarians of this era (reference, consultant, and educator), these Interactions can be highlighted by holding conferences, meetings, and workshops. It also provides a clear picture of the experiences of University Professors, Students & Librarians, which can be helpful in the University's Macro-Decisions to advance & develop research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting knowledge management in Golestan University university libraries in 2018. The statistical population of this research includes all librarians working in Golestan university libraries in 2018. Methods: The present study is a descriptive survey and correlation. A descriptive description of which findings are described in the same way as collected and the relationships between variables are examined and evaluated. Since the information was provided by a sample of the main community by the questionnaire obtained from the survey of this survey. In the present study, the viewpoint of experts was used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes all librarians working in Golestan University libraries in 2018, with 50 people. Because the population of this study was limited in the present study, the census method was used to prepare and determine the size of the statistical sample; That is, all the people of the statistical population have been investigated by questionnaires. Results: According to the results, the understanding of managers of university libraries ranked first (90%). Since organizational culture is one of the factors affecting knowledge management, the use of new culture with knowledge management changes should be accompanied by organizational continuity in library affairs. IT infrastructure has ranked second (71%). Creating and enhancing information technology infrastructure create a complex and dynamic information structure in libraries and lead to an easy sharing of information; This technology helps members of libraries to receive scientific data from external specialists, in addition, information technology will meet the needs of the team cooperation. The familiarity of librarians with the concept of knowledge management was ranked third (64%); The acquaintance of librarians with the concept of knowledge management provides a strategy for optimal exploitation of knowledge and intellectual forces of librarians; This facilitates the implementation of knowledge management. Librarians as human resources have a significant role in realizing the goals of the organization and are considered valuable assets and important resources and strategic capital in the organization. Furthermore, organizational culture ranked fourth (61%). Conclusions: Understanding academic libraries managers with the concept of knowledge management will identify and analyze existing knowledge and processes related to planning and subsequent control of operations for the development of capital and processes to provide libraries goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]