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The definition of power in urban planning and the identification of its influential dimensions has been a topic of recent interest among experts in various humanities fields. However, there is still no adequate definition for this concept, and research on its relationship with urban planning has been limited. This article aims to develop a conceptual framework based on the themes shared in articles extracted from the Web of Science database. Due to differing perspectives, there is no consensus on the theoretical understanding of power within this field or its connection to urban planning. In addition to analyzing key concepts related to the link between power and urban planning based on relevant published articles (including time-related, spatial, and conceptual distribution analyses), this article also conducts a content analysis of these texts. To achieve this, 63 articles were selected through screening titles, abstracts, and main bodies to identify frequently mentioned concepts with strong connections in power and urban planning using a text extraction method based on Hierarchical Dirichlet process modeling for topic modeling. The findings reveal that grasping roles such as formal and informal education, participation, class dynamics, space utilization, and language influence cultural benefits and knowledge discourse within city planning is crucial for understanding the concept of power as it pertains to urban development; understanding their collective interaction enables a comprehensive understanding of power dynamics within urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Railway construction is one of the important activities in the development of any country. Railway construction operations can have an impact on the environment around the railway. This study investigated the effects of Yazd-Eghlid railway construction on some vegetation and soil characteristics of artemisia and camel grass species located in Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area. Material and methods: In order to evaluate the vegetation and soil variables in the studied types, randomsystematic sampling method was used. Random-systematic sampling method is used; Thus, within each brigade, three areas with different distances by rail include the first area (distance 0 to 250 meters), the second area (distance 250 to 500 meters) and the third area (distance 500 to 1000 meters) from Railway was considered and vegetation and soil samples were taken. Within each area, 4 100-meter transects were randomly placed and 2 plots at the beginning and end of each transect were systematically placed. The reason for comparison of more than two groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test using SPSS software. Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that the construction of a railway in the Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area and the measures taken during the construction process may affect the physical and chemical properties of soil and vegetation, which in the Artemisia type causes a significant decrease in the production of plant vegetative form srub (0.81 g) (P <0.05). Also, a significant decrease in electrical conductivity (0.78 ds/m), potassium (0.64), acidity (7.7), lime percentage (26.25) (P <0.05), and percentage of clay (4%) (P <0.01) was observed. In the Cornulaca type, construction of railways significantly increased production (6.13 g), density (1.42), and percentage of cover form shrub (6.01) (P <0.05). It also significantly reduced the production of shrub vegetative form (0), the percentage of shrub vegetative form cover (0.17) (P <0.05) and the density of shrub vegetative form (0) (0.01), (P <0.01). Regarding the effect of railway construction on soil parameters of this type, it can be said that railway construction causes a significant increase in the percentage of rock (93%) and a significant decrease in the percentage of silt (2%), electrical conductivity (ds / m66 (P <0.05) and also significantly reduced organic matter (0.18), phosphorus (5.25 ppm) and potassium (0.63 ppm) (P <0.01). Conclusion:The construction of the railway and activities that take place during the processes for the construction of the railway units can cause the movement of soil around the railway, whichcauses soil and water erosion in the region that may lead toa decrease in soil quality in the areas near the railway and consequently, the decrease of vegetation production in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Railway construction is one of the important activities in the development of any country. Railway construction operations can have an impact on the environment around the railway. This study investigated the effects of Yazd-Eghlid railway construction on some vegetation and soil characteristics of artemisia and camel grass species located in Kalmand-Bahadoran Protected Area. Material and methods: In order to evaluate the vegetation and soil variables in the studied types, randomsystematic sampling method was used. Thus, within each brigade, three areas with different distances by rail include the first area (distance 0 to 250 meters), the second area (distance 250 to 500 meters) and the third area (distance 500 to 1000 meters) from Railway was considered and vegetation and soil samples were taken. Within each area, four 100-meter transects were randomly placed and 2 plots at the beginning and end of each transect were systematically placed. Analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test using SPSS software. Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that the construction of a railway in the Kalmand- Bahadoran Protected Area and the measures taken during the construction process may affect the physical and chemical properties of soil and vegetation, which in the Artemisia type causes a significant decrease in the production of plant vegetative form srub (0.81 g) (P <0.05). Also, a significant decrease in electrical conductivity (0.78 ds/m), potassium (0.64), acidity (7.7), lime percentage (26.25) (P <0.05), and percentage of clay (4%) (P <0.01) was observed. In the Cornulaca type, construction of railways significantly increased production (6.13 g), density (1.42), and percentage of cover form shrub (6.01) (P <0.05). It also significantly reduced the production of shrub vegetative form (0), the percentage of shrub vegetative form cover (0.17) (P <0.05) and the density of shrub vegetative form (0) (0.01), (P <0.01). Regarding the effect of railway construction on soil parameters of this type, it can be said that railway construction causes a significant increase in the percentage of rock (93%) and a significant decrease in the percentage of silt (2%), electrical conductivity (ds / m66 (P <0.05) and also significantly reduced organic matter (0.18), phosphorus (5.25 ppm) and potassium (0.63 ppm) (P <0.01). Conclusion: The construction of the railway and activities that take place during the processes for the construction of the railway units can cause the movement of soil around the railway, whichcauses soil and water erosion in the region that may lead toa decrease in soil quality in the areas near the railway and consequently, the decrease of vegetation production in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's complex world when we talk about IT projects, risk appears such as an inseparable part. The purpose of this study is to identify risks in IT project management and their effect on the overall risk of the project. In order to achieve this objective, we study a wide range of researches in the field of IT project risk analysis. We classify risk factors and the factors are simulated in a dynamic model. Then, some equations are extracted using examining relationship between structures and factors, and the risks are studied in a period of 12 month. The results of this study show that human resource risk is the most important risk that is repeated, after that project management risk is the second risk. Strategic risk is a risk that is appeared in some periods. So, we suggest IT project managers to pay more attention to these risks in the politics and strategies. Introduction: This research can be classified as applied researches because the researchers attempt to provide a solution for recognition and management of IT projects, considering the need for the current community to pay particular attention to risk and analyzing it in active organizations in the field of information technology, and by conducting fundamental research in this field. The achievement of this endeavor is to provide a dynamic simulation model for risk analysis of IT projects, which can be used to determine the priority of significant risks over a given time period. Since this study is based on existing projects in IT organizations, the scope of research can be defined by all projects that are carried out in companies and organizations with background in the field of information technology. The general purpose of this research is to provide a dynamic model of risk analysis in IT projects. Dedicated objectives are included: • Identification of risk factors in IT projects • Identification of Structures (Major Groups) Risk of IT Projects • Prioritizing the risk structures of IT projects • Examining the extent of explaining each of the risk structures by the relevant components in IT projects • Investigating the relationship among risk factors in IT projects • Investigating the impact of changes in the overall risks of IT projects for changes in each of the risk structures Row Researcher's name Year of research The topic of the research 1 Ssemaluulu, Paul and Williams Ddembe 2007 Complexity and Risk in IS Projects: A System Dynamics Approach 2 Trček, Denis 2008 Using System Dynamics for Managing Risks in Information Systems 3 Trček, Denis 2009 System Dynamics Based Risk Management for Distributed Information Systems 4 Sen, Wang Gui and yang, Li Xiang 2010 The Risk Analysis on IT Service Outsourcing of Enterprise with System Dynamics 5 Dash Wu, Desheng, et al. 2010 Modeling technological innovation risks of an entrepreneurial team using system dynamics: An agent-based perspective Materials and Methods: This study, first of all, reviews the background of the subject and identifies the factors involved in the risk of IT projects. The current study, investigates the researches that are done in this field and after extracting them and performing a survey by experts and managers for determining the importance of risks, they are categorized into 9 main factors. The PLS method is used to obtain confirmatory factor analysis. In order to identify the relationships among the main structures, the analysis of regression between them has been used. In the next step, the relationships among the variables are defined, their equations are tuned, and their dynamic simulation model is depicted. Finally, by analyzing the susceptibility to the model, the sensitivity of each risk and its impact on overall company's risk is assessed, and significant risks that require more attention in IT projects have been identified. Results and Discussion: Linear regression technique is used to analyze the relationship among research structures (risk indicators). The significance level for relationships to be meaningful is less than 0.05 (Sig

In vitro ovarian follicle culture in females at the risk of losing fertility, such premature ovarian failure (POF) and in those subjected to chemo/radio therapy as well as in animals - species at risk of extinction in a promising strategy for fertility preservation. Development of ovarian growing follicles is regulated by the coordinated action of several signaling pathways. The use of some activators or inhibitors of signaling pathways is effective in optimizing the culture conditions of immature follicles. The aim of this study was examining in vitro growth of bovine ovarian secondary stage follicles (> 80 pm) by mimicking the process of in vivo follicular development through of the Akt signaling pathway activator, PS48. Small secondary stage follicles were isolated by enzymatic digestion from slaughter ovaries by collagenase type I and Dnase I, cultured in the presence of BSA (3 mg/ml), FBS (10%), Akt (5pM PS48, first 48 h of culture) or Akt + FBS (5pM PS48, first 48 h of culture + 10% FBS) for ten days and then evaluated for growth rate. The follicular size was significantly increased in all experimental groups during 10 days culture (P<0.05). In all groups, growth rate/day was higher in initial days of culture, after that follicular growth rate decreased. The highest growth rate was observed in FBS + PS48 group, while the lowest growth rate was detected in PS48. On the other hand, though the FBS supplemented group could increase the growth rate of follicles, its combination with PS48 was more effective. In conclusion, in our study condition the best result in follicular growth, was obtained when follicular culture medium was supplemented with FBS + PS48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important issues in management is the problem of intention to stay in organizational workplace. Organizations spend a lot on hiring, training, and maintaining of specialized human resources, but in case of lack of suitable circumstances they face with the problem of leaving organization by their human resources and these valuable resources leave their organizations so hard or with dissatisfaction. So, this research is an applied research in terms of objective and descriptive- survey in terms of data collection. 210 out of 466 employees of a public organization were subjected to select as the research sample size using convenience sampling method. Moreover, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling via Amos software. Furthermore, the research conceptual model was tested using statistical techniques and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that employed structural equation modeling, provides a powerful theoretical model for predicting intention to stay through internal brand management, career anchors, and job satisfaction. Also, the significant impact of career anchors and job satisfaction on intention to stay were confirmed. However, the impact of internal brand management on job satisfaction and intention to stay were not confirmed. On the other hand, the significant impact of career anchors on job satisfaction and intention to stay, and also job satisfaction on intention to stay as well as the indirect impact of career anchors on intention to stay through job satisfaction were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]