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The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges of cooperative development and rural organizations. The statistical population of this study consisted of 170 managers and cooperative members and experts in the rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad County who were selected by simple random sampling method. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts in the field of rural cooperatives. To determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test study and review of the views of 27 information keys in the field were considered. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.78. Factor analysis and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. In this research, 14 factors were extracted using factor analysis. These factors, according to their importance consisted of infrastructural, social capital, economic, information, selling, marketing, technical, knowledge, supportive, environmental, legal, social, managerial and individual factors, respectively, which explained 77.67% of the total variances. Each of these factors should be considered in addressing the challenges of rural cooperatives.