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Background and Objective: Respiratory failure is one of the most important respiratory problems in premature infants. Several studies have shown the efficacy of corticosteroids in gestational age less than 34 weeks. This study was done to determine the effect of prenatal betamethasone injection during 34 to 36 weeks of pregnancy on the prevention of newborn respiratory failure. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 140 women with risk of preterm labor at 34 to 36 weeks of gestational age. Women in interventional group were received betamethasone 12 mg IM (2 doses, 12 hours apart). Women in control group were received the same volume of normal saline. Sex and birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, requiring hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units and require respiratory support were recorded for each newborn. Results: No significant difference was seen in sex and weight of newborns between two groups. The precent of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome in the intervention and control groups was 12.5% and 22%, respectively. This difference was not significant. No significant difference was seen in the need to respiratory support, hospitalized in the NICU between intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Adminestration of betamethasone in 36-34 weeks of pregnancy has no effect on the prevention of respiratory failure in preterm infants.

Abstract Background: Glucose-6- phosphate Dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) id an enzyme deficiency that id transported inheritably. The lack of this enzyme decreases the energy revival of red blood cells and leads to Hemolysis which is the cause of severe neonatal jaundice. This study aims at investigating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hyperbilirubinemia, and blood incompatibility in newborn babies in larestan city, located in south of Fars province, following the newborn screening national plan. Materials and Methods: this study id a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 12079 newborns in larestan city that referred to the screeing center from the start of 2010 to the end of 2012. The blood samples were taken from the newborns' heels and were evaluated through G6PD tluorescent spot test. They were examined regarding their blood group, hematocrit, hemoglobin, Coombs test, reticulocyte count and bilirubin levels as well as demographic information. Results: In this research, among the 12079 screened newborns, 2345 ones showed G6PD deficiency with a prevalence of 19.41 which is a high percentage in comparison to those of other cities in Iran. The prevalence of O+ blood group among sick babies and their mothers was significantly higher than of other blood groups. (60% and 56%, respectively). The Hyperbilirubinemia and the indirect coombs tests were positive in 52% and 12% of the sick babies, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence percentage of lack of this enzyme in girls of Larestan city is a little higher than in boys, even though since this disease depends on X, it should be more prevalent in boys.

"n 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} Background: Many studies have shown that periodontal pathogens are emerging as a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight, but there are few studies about the relationship between other oral bacteria and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between salivary bacteria and pregnancy outcomes."n"nMethods: This cohort study was performed on 300 pregnant women who were recruited from the prenatal clinic of Zeynab Hospital in Tehran during 2009-2010. The patients' demographic and pregnancy data were recorded. Using samplers, saliva samples were collected about one hour after breakfast. Microbial evaluation was performed by counting the bacteria based on their shape and the Gram reaction. The studied bacteria were composed of gram-positive and negative cocci, gram-positive and negative bacilli, spirilla, spirochetes, yeasts, fusiform bacteria and actinomycetes."n"nResults: The data on the bacteriological profile and pregnancy outcome of 243 out of the 300 eligible participants of the study were completed. Five cases (2%) had intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) while 238 (98%) delivered live infants. There was a significant statistical relationship between the mean of gram-negative cocci and IUFD (P=0.04). 10 cases (4.1%) of 243, experienced adverse delivery outcomes and 233 cases (95%) had normal delivery. The adverse pregnancy outcomes had a significant relationship with the presence of spirochetes in saliva (P

"nBackground and Aim: Sodium hypochlorite can remove the organic phase of the demineralized dentin and it produces direct resin bonding with hydroxyapatite crystals. Therefore, the hydrolytic degradation of collagen fibrils which might affect the bonding durability is removed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagen fibrils removal by 10% NaOCl on dentin shear bond strength of two total etch and self etch adhesive systems."nMaterials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolar teeth were used in this study. Buccal surface of teeth were grounded until dentin was exposed. Then teeth were divided into four groups. According to dentin surface treatment, experimental groups were as follows: Group I: Single Bond (3M) according to manufacture instruction, Group II: 10% NaOCl+Single bond (3M), Group III: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) according to manufacture instruction, and Group IV: Clearfil SE Bond primer. After that, the specimens were immersed in 50% acetone solution for removing extra monomer. Then the specimens were rinsed and dried. 10% NaOCl was applied and finally adhesive was used. Then composite was bonded to the treated surfaces using a 4 2 mm cylindrical plastic mold. Specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5-55ºC). A shear load was employed by a universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 1mm/min. The data were analyzed for statistical significance with One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests."nResults: The mean shear bond strengths of groups were as follows: Single Bond=16.8±4.2, Clearfil SE Bond=23.7±4.07, Single Bond+NaOCl=10.5±4.34, Clearfil SE Bond+NaOCl=23.3±3.65 MPa. Statistical analysis revealed that using 10% NaOCl significantly decreased the shear bond strength in Single Bond group (P=0.00), but caused no significant difference in the shear bond strength in Clearfil SE Bond group (P=0.99)."nConclusion: Based on the results of this study, NaOCl treatment did not improve the bond strength in self etch adhesive and caused a significant decrease in the bond strength of total etch adhesive system.

Objective(s): To describe prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine its correlation with hypertension among students of Tehran University. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from 3931 Tehran University students. Anthropometric measurements (Height, Weight and BMI) and blood pressure were obtained and were classified based on WHO classification. Using statistical tests the associations between BMI and blood pressure were studied. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.5% and 3.2%, respectively. 63.9% of the subjects had normal BMI and 19.4% were underweight. The association between BMI and high blood pressure were statistically significant (P

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors associated with the selection of IUD as a reversible, safe and effective method in comparison with other contraceptive methods by married women in Pakdasht city. Material & metods: A multicenter clinic-based case-control study was conducted in January 2001. In a direct interview 60 current IUD users (cases) and 83 women using other contraceptive methods (controls), answered to 23 questions.Data obtained from 143 women was cumputerized and analysis was performed with SPSS and STATA programs. Results: Cases were younger than controls (P

Introduction: The lack of micronutrients through a decrease in plant growth, which is related to human health, can be a global problem. Micronutrient deficiency reduces the immunological capacity of plant and animals by which they resist against several chronic diseases. This fact has been brought into sharp focus in the last decade because of a large proportion of people being deficient in micronutrients. The micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) are more important than the others and therefore, they are essential to all living organisms. Zn deficiency is the most noticeable one since it has an influential effect on the production of agricultural products, and consequently, quality of people's life and health. One of the common methods to reduce The deleterious effects of Zn deficiency is using Zn-efficient cultivars. These cultivars have more biomass than Zn-inefficient cultivars. However, some strategies used by these cultivars for micronutrient supply could have a negative effect on the uptake process of the other micronutrients. Therefore, in the current study, an experimental approach was proposed to evaluate the effect of Zn deficiency on the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the root, shoot, and grain of bread wheat cultivars with differential Zn efficiency. In addition, the capability of transferring the micronutrients from the root system to the shoot system was analyzed. Materials and Methods: A greenhouse study was conducted using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was two levels of Zn-efficient (data represent the average for Bayat and Niknejhad) and Zn-inefficient (data represent the average for Hirmand and Karaj1) cultivars, and the second factor was two levels of Zn, including Zn deficiency (no application of Zn) and Zn sufficient (application of 5 mg Zn per kg soil). Soil samples passed through a 2 mm sieve and washed five times with double-distilled deionized water to remove soluble salt and organic matter. Soil samples were dried at room temperature (20-25 oC), and the necessary nutrients were added. Seeds were sown in polyethylene pots containing 4.5 kg of prepared soil after disinfection. To prevent nitrogen (N) deficiency, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was applied to the treatments every 14 days. Daily irrigation was carried out using double-distilled deionized water to maintain field capacity. Sampling of root and shoot was performed at 30% of the heading stage and from the seeds after complete ripening. Finally, the concentration of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn was measured in root, shoot and grain. The relative ability of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn translocation from root to the shoot was calculated in the studied cultivars. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and comparison of means was done at 1% Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). Results and discussion: The results revealed that the concentrations of root Fe and Cu increased by 37.97% and 7.9%, respectively, under soil Zn deficiency. There was also an increase in Fe and Mn concentrations of the grain by 24.58% and 6.33%, respectively. Furthermore, the decrease of Zn in soil resulted in a reduction of Mn concentration in the root by 15%, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations in the shoot by 39.44, 28.5, and 16.19%, respectively. Under Zn deficiency condition, Cu concentration in grain (24.51%) decreased. Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations of roots (13.4, 44.88 and 10.32%, respectively) and Fe concentration of grain (6.42%) in Znefficient cultivars were higher compared to Zn-inefficient cultivars. In the case of Zn deficiency, Zn-efficient cultivars had a higher concentration of root Fe (18.55%) and grain Zn (11%) than those of the Zn-inefficient cultivars. Comparison of the relative translocation ability of micronutrients from root to shoot in the studied bread wheat cultivars showed that Zn-efficient cultivars had less ability to transfer Zn (53.85%), Fe (29.69%), Cu (21.69%) and Mn (50.17%) compared to Zn-inefficient cultivars (79.77%, 37.68%, 27.65% and 70.91% respectively) under soil Zn deficiency. Conclusion: On average, the Zn-efficient cultivars of bread wheat contained higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, and Mn in root and grain. Moreover, the possibility of using micronutrients in their organs was higher compared to the Zn-inefficient cultivars. Zn-efficient cultivars also had less ability to transfer Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn from root to the shoot. The obtained results can be used for micronutrient biofortification and significant improvements of Zn content in wheat grain and to bring the improved varieties to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Cancer, one of the global health problems, has been introduced as one of the main death causes worldwide. Xanthine derivatives have been identified as effective compounds for prevention and treatment of cancer. In this study, a series of novel phenoxy ethyl theobromine derivatives were designed with N1 positioning and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated. Also, molecular docking studies were performed to predict the possible action mechanism of these compounds. Materials and Methods: In the present laboratory investigation, compounds 2, 3, and 5a-l were initially synthesized. The cytotoxicity of all new synthesized compounds was studied by MTT (methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) -based colorimetric assay against 4 human cancer cell lines. Autodock software was used to determine the binding energies of these structures on human tetrahydrofolate reductase, human octo-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT) and human phosphodiesterase enzymes. The obtained data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: The results of docking studies showed acceptable binding energy (-8.42 kcal/mol) against e5NT. The results of cytotoxicity analysis showed that the greatest effect of cytotoxicity was against A549 and MCF-7 cells (compound 5e with IC50 values of 86.65 μM and 161.09 μM, respectively). Conclusion: The results of molecular docking studies showed acceptable binding energy against the octo-5'-nucleotidase enzyme. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 5a with the lowest ΔG level (-8.42 kcal/mol) was selected as the best inhibitor of this enzyme. Appropriate effects of cytotoxicity were observed at different concentrations of the synthesized compounds on MCF7 and A549 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Persian Gulf is one of the best places to find tropical venomous animals. The second cause of marine injuries in the Persian Gulf region is stonefish, it seems that the medical practitioners in this region are not familiar with the medical management of stonefish envenomationon. Materials and methods: A total of 16 patients with stonefish envenomation were serially examined in emergency rooms of academic hospitals of Boushehr port and Delvar clinic. In these patients local and systemic manifestations, first aid management and therapeutic interventions were evaluated. Results: The most common sites of injury were lower extremity (14 cases) and upper extremities (2 cases). The most common prescribing medication for relief of pain was injection of local lidocaine. The second and third most common prescribed drugs were parenteral antihistamines and corticosteroids, respectively. Hot water was not used in any of patients. Only in 2 cases antibiotic were given, whereas tetabolin was not prescribed in any of them. Conclusion: Although the most effective pain relieving intervention for stonefish envenomation, it was not used in injured patients in the current study. Likewise, tetabolin was not used. The medical practitioners should be encouraged to use immersion of the injured site in hot water, injection of local lidocaine without adrenalin, tetabolin injection and prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics in stonefish envenomation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The members of Scorpaenidae family, including stonefish (genus Synanceja) are among the most dangerous and venomous fishes in the word that inhibit in the tropical shallow waters. The toxinology of the venom of stonefish (genus Synanceja) showed that it is a mixture of proteins, containing several enzymes like hyaluronidase. The crude venom can produce cytolytic, hemolytic, neurotoxic and hypotensive effects in vivo. Immediate increasing intensive pain, local ischemia followed by cyanosis, edema and swelling are the local clinical presentations. Systemic manifestations are not uncommon. Hot water immersion of the injured limb, a local anesthetic agent without adrenaline, infiltrated into and around the wound, debridement of the necrotic tissue and the prescription of prophylactic antibiotic are the main therapeutic measures. The administration of antivenom may be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seyed Hasan Qaznavi is one of the great poets whose poetry and character have not been known very much due to living in one of the most fruitful periods of Persian poetry. His divan was first published with many problem in 1328 (A.H) by the correction of Muhammad Taqi Modares Razavi. These problems can be studied in the following fields: the method of correction (not specifying the basic copy and order of using other copies, not specifying the source of verses and poems, the defect of copies); variant copies (mentioning the variant copies without the sign (/) of copy, incomplete variant copies, preference of annotation over the text, sameness of annotation and text); incorrect forms; omissions (poems and verses); general problems (repetition of poems and verses, print errors, not having appendices and defection in end indices and using sources with unscientific publishing). Besides some points such as determining and explaining the specific method of correction and providing complete variant copies by considering trustworthiness which is one of the primary and obvious principles of scientific correction and should be regarded in the critical correction of this Divan, nowadays some authentic copies of this Divan have been obtained which eliminate many mistakes, Tashifs and omissions of Modares' printed version. Proposing various instances of such mistakes and defections, this research emphasizes the necessity of recorrection of Seyed Hasan Qaznavi's Divan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Diazinon is one of the most frequent organophosphate (Ops) insecticides that is widely used in agriculture. Some OPs are capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diazinon on antioxidant system in rat's heart. Materials & Methods: Male Wistar rats of One of Tehran medical universities were randomly divided into four 7-member groups. The control group received corn oil as diazinon solvent and three experimental groups received 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg of diazinon by intra-peritoneal injection. 24 hours after injection, the animals received ether anesthesia and heart tissue was removed. After heart tissue homogenization, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S- transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods data was analyzed by INSTAT software using one-way variance analysis and Tukey's test. Results: At doses higher than 30 mg/kg of diazinon, enhanced activities of SOD, CAT and GST were observed, while GSH level significantly decreased compared to the control group. MDA level and LDH activity increased at 100 mg/kg dose of diazinon. Conclusion: Diazinon induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose- dependent manner. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury and the increased MDA level is indicative peroxidation of membrane lipids of heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Oxidative damage of DNA is very important in mutagenesis, aging and cancer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the protective effect of aqueous saffron extract on DNA damage in sulfur mustard exposed macrophage cells as a genotoxic agent. Materials & Methods: Macrophage cells were obtained from mice peritoneum. The viability of cells was determined and then they were treated with KMnO4, SM and SM + saffron extract in culture media. The SM toxicity in macrophage cells was determined using MDA and GSH concentrations (nM/mg protein) and the extent of genotoxicity was investigated using alkaline comet assay and reported as the movement of DNA in electrophoretic field and %DNA remaining in the nucleus. Results: The concentration of MDA and GSH in normal cells and KMnO4, SM and SM + saffron extract treated cells were respectively 1.9±0.18, 9.4±0.95, 9.3±1.2, 5.1±0.55 and 9.6±0.71, 2.4±0.32, 2.5±0.21, 4.81±0.39 nM/mg protein. The comet result showed that DNA movement in normal cell was 23.1±1.43 μm, but in KMnO4, SM and SM + saffron extract treated cells were respectively 39.75±4.92, 40.45±4.42 and 28.33±4.6 μm. Similarly, the percent of DNA in nucleus in normal, KMnO4, SM and SM+ saffron extract treated cells were respectively %99.3±3.6, 20.7±3.8, 22.61±4.3 and 65.5±4.8 that showed the significant protective effect of saffron extract on reduction of DNA damage in SM contaminated cells. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-genotoxic effect of saffron aqueous extract against the oxidative damage of DNA caused by SM. However, the genotoxic activity of SM significantly reduced by treatment with aqueous saffron extracts. Therefore, it seems that the oral supplement of saffron aqueous extract can probably prevent the complications of these oxidative agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Because of dependency of patients on treatment facilities، unawareness and Movement less, fire safety is a major concern planners and users of hospitals. Establishment of an appropriate action plan could be act as vital parameter in fatalities of fire events. This study was conducted to determining fire risk level in wards of a hospital and also determining effectiveness of an emergency plan on improvement of patients and staff safety.Method: In this study, Risk assessment was conducted by fire risk assessment method engineering (FRAME) and data collection was performed by standard checklist. So, in first phase fire risk was calculated in 12 wards of a hospital and in second phase, for assessing the effect of a fire emergency plan, base on hypothesis that hospital management system, establishes a complete and obvious action plan for patients and personnel rescue, during fire events, fire risk was calculated. Results: This study revealed that in present hospital situation, fire risk level throughout all wards was more than acceptable risk level and should be recognized that minimum acceptable levels of safety in wards of hospital was not supplied. Results showed that if an integrated and performable rescue plan was afforded, fire risk level decrease up to 30 percent.Conclusion: Planning, performance and evaluation of a specific program for functioning in emergency situations have an important role in improving safety of people that are in the hospitals. Since a major portion of performance in this field is related to hospital management responsibility, management of hospital plays an essential role in loss reduction of accidents such as fire.

Background and Objectives: Intoxication with opiates is one of the most common causes of referring to emergency departments in Iran. Because respiratory signs are one of the most common and important signs in these patients, this study was designed to evaluate the chest x-ray changes of the patients.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional one. The changes noted in the Chest X-Ray (CXR) of the patients having been intoxicated with opiates and referred with respiratory signs of intoxication during the one year period between July 2007 till July 2008 to Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan were studied. The data, then, were gathered and analyzed using T and chi-square statistical tests.Results: Out of 1698 patients having referred due to poisoning with drugs and chemical agents, 318(18.72%) patients were admitted due to opiates intoxication. Among them, 214 (67.29%) had respiratory signs. 84.1% were male and 15.9% were female. Their average age was 35.6. The most important substance used was opium (57.5%).Most of the cases (84.1%) were due to abuse. The most common physical signs were: miosis (83.6%), respiratory distress (74.8%), rales & wheezing (67.3%). The most common radiographic abnormality was pulmonary edema (14.5%). And the most common substance causing pulmonary edema was crack (59.4%) revealing a significant statistical difference (p=0.001). Conclusion: As expected, one of the most important complications and common causes of death in opiate-poisoned patients was respiratory problems; we suggest that physicians and staffs working in the emergency department be well-trained in management of such patients.Keywords: Radiography, Thoracic; Analgesics, Opioid; Poisoning; Pulmonary Edema.

Background and Objectives: In recent years there have been noticeable changes in diagnosis and treatment of colon disorders by colonoscopy and direct vision. Along with its international development, this useful equipment is being used in Iran to treat various disorders. It should be mentioned that there are no exact statistics of these disorders to date. This study was done with aim of evaluating the diagnostic findings in patients undergoing colonoscopy in Qom during 2007-2008.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was done on 500 patients having referred to colonoscopy ward of Hazrate-e-Masoome Hospital in Qom. After colonoscopy, patient data were entered into a special questionnaire and then pathologic findings were added to it. The data were taken for statistical analysis.Results: Out of 500 patients undergoing colonoscopy 279 were male (55.8%) and 221 female (44.2%). In all groups and both sexes the most common reason for carrying out colonoscopy was abdominal pain (46.6%) rectorrhagia (41%). As regards diagnosis, a total of 199 cases (39.8%) of all 500 colonoscopies had normal colonoscopy,124 cases (24.8%) had hemorrhoid, 64 cases (12.8%) had polyp, 55 cases (11%) had inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), 30 cases (6%) had tumor, 17 cases(3.2%) had diverticulosis and 12 cases (2.4%) had solitary rectal ulcer. There was a significant relationship between abdominal pain and tumor, polyp and diverticulosis. (p

Physiological changes in cortisol, glucose, testosterone and 17 b-estradiol levels were studied in Rutilus frisii kutum spawners during transportation in April, 2006. The fish were held in plastic tanks in two treatments 1fish/2L and 1fish/1L sea water in several replications. Their blood was collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min after capture. A significant increase in concentration of cortisol and glucose was found with the transport time. Initial levels of cortisol were similar in the two treatments ranging between 480.7±22.34 and 476.6±18.61 ng/ml respectively. These values increased gradually and reached a peak at the end of the transport (683±1 and 801.3±11.2ng/ml in treatments 1 and 2) with significant difference between the two (P