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Background and Purpose: There is now mounting evidence that pro-inflammatory pathways, which are mediated by T cells (that secrete IL-17 and IL-22), play a critical role in metabolic control. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic training along with aqueous extract of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on relative expression of IL-17, IL-22 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (age five weeks and weight 162.12 ± 15.24 g) were obtained from the Pasteur Institute and transferred to the laboratory. After transferring the rats to the laboratory, inducing diabetes and familiarizing them with exercise on a rodent treadmill, they were randomly divided into five groups: Control-Normal (CN), Diabetes (DM), Diabetes-Training (TDM), Diabetes-Garlic (GDM) and Diabetes-Training-Garlic (TGDM). Diabetes was induced in the rats by the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Blood glucose of 250 mg/dL was the criterion for diabetic rats. Training groups have performed an aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and five days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. A dose of one ml of garlic extract /100 g body weight (about 0.4 grams per 100 grams of body weight) was orally administered daily to rats. The expression of IL-17 and IL-22 was measured by RT-PCR method. After estimating fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR index was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient at P < 0.05. Results: The expression of IL-17 (P = 0.0001), IL-22 (P = 0.0001) and HOMA-IR level (P = 0.0001) increased in DM groups compared to CN group. IL-17, IL-22 and HOMA-IR was significantly lower in TDM (respectively, P = 0.008, P = 0.040, P = 0.0001), GDM (respectively, P = 0.017, P = 0.044, P = 0.0001) and TGDM (respectively, P= 0.0001, P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) groups than in DM group. Also, IL-17 and IL-22 in the TGDM group lower than TDM (respectively, P = 0.045, P= 0.041) and GDM (respectively, P = 0.023, P = 0.038) groups. A positive correlation was observed between HOMA-IR and IL-17 (P = 0.0001) and IL-22 (P = 0.001).Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that probably the increase in the relative expression of IL-17 and IL-22 with the induction of diabetes is associated with an increase in insulin resistance. Decreased IL-17 and IL-22 expression adipose tissue followed by aerobic training and aqueous garlic extract were associated with decreased HOMA-IR in diabetic rats. In addition, the combination of aerobic exercise with garlic extract had synergistic effects and reduced inflammation and HOMA-IR compared to each alone. Since diabetics are constantly exposed to inflammation and according to the reduction of IL-17 and IL-22 following aerobic exercise and consumption of garlic extract, the use of these two could possibly be of therapeutic importance for T2DM patients.

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of mortality in the worldwide. The aim of the present study is to predict the Association of interleukin (IL)-17 and phagosome with acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Materials: Microarray data were extracted from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and then analyzed by GEO2R and R softwares. The functional analysis of up/down regulation of genes were performed using DAVID and Enrichr data bases. Results: In this study, expression of 208 genes were lower in patients group compared to the controls (Log2FC<-1). In patients’ group, PAQR8, CCR2, CCR5, and ZNF137P genes significantly had lower expression. Although 528 gens, especially NR4A2, GABARAPL1, THBD, NFIL3, and MAFB significantly had more expression compared to the controls (Log2FC>+1). KEGG analysis on gens that increase expression showed that signaling pathways of IL-17 and phagosome are two pathways in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion: According to our finding, after acute myocardial infarction, inflammatory pathway like IL-17 signaling recruiting matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a protein involve in repairing acute myocardial infarction damages. Also, the phagosome activity by major histocompatibility complex class-II (MHC-II) and CD36 signaling pathways, may be played a role in accelerating healing after acute myocardial infarction damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Estimates show that about 3-7% of all couples or women around the world have an unsolved infertility problem. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro inflammatory cytokine involved in the expression of many inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between (rs2275913G/A) IL-17A gene polymorphism with infertility in women. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 200 patients with infertility and 200 healthy individuals whose conditions were confirmed by an infertility specialist. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using the Salting Out method and K Proteinase. To examine the position of rs2275913 polymorphism the RFLP-PCR method was used. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software Ver. 20, Chi-square and Hardy-Weinberg tests. The P-values ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that allele A at position rs2275913 had a significant correlation with infertility (P = 0.000). It was found the patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (P = 0.02) and Falobian tube disorders (P = 0.03) showed a significant relationship with rs2275913 Polymorphism. Conclusion: According to the results, it appears that the rs2275913 polymorphism of IL-17 gene is related to the infertility in women.

Background and purpose: In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), chronic inflammation damages the myelin of central nervous system. Recently, interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been recognized as a feasible choice for treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been specified clearly. The present study, investigated the immunomdulatory effects of IL-27 in C57BL/6 mice with EAE. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, two groups of EAE mice (test and control groups) received intraperitoneal injection of P240-mIL-27 (200 µg) and P240 plasmid (200 µg), respectively. The disease severity was evaluated daily for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, the mice were sacrificed and the levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured in splenocytes culture media using ELISA method. Also, the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: Severity of EAE significantly decreased in test group (P240-mIL27), compared to that of the control group. In test group, the levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were significantly lower (P

Introduction: The E-cadherin gene is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in patients with breast cancer, and methylation of its promoter is correlated with decreased gene expression. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of E-cadherin promoter methylation in breast cancer. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 40 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy women were examined. DNA was extracted, and for gene promoter methylation and IL-17 gene polymorphism, MSPCR and PCR-RFLP methods were used, respectively. Data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Finding: We found a relationship between E-cadherin gene promoter methylation and breast cancer, such that the promoter of E-cadherin gene was significantly more methylated in patients compared to normal individuals (P

Background and Objectives: One of the important functions of the immune system is producing soluble or cellular components that protect the body against any threats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of circular resistance training on serum level of IL-17 and immunoglobulins M, A, G in obese handicapped men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 disabled and obese men (age range, 25±5 years and BMI, 30±2.5kg/m2), were selected purposefully and divided into two groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=10). The experimental group started a maximal repeat for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week (intensity, 60-65%), and with a gradual increase of 70-80%, they performed a maximal repeat in the final sessions. The control group did not participate in any sport program. Blood samples (for assessment of IL-17 and immunoglobulins levels), were collected before, immediately after one training session, and 8 weeks after training. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and analysis of variance tests at the significance level of α

Background and purpose: In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), chronic inflammation damages the myelin of central nervous system. Recently, interleukin-27 (IL-27) has been recognized as a feasible choice for treatment of autoimmune diseases such as MS due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been specified clearly. The present study, investigated the immunomdulatory effects of IL-27 in C57BL/6 mice with EAE. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, two groups of EAE mice (test and control groups) received intraperitoneal injection of P240-mIL-27 (200 μg) and P240 plasmid (200 μg), respectively. The disease severity was evaluated daily for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, the mice were sacrificed and the levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured in splenocytes culture media using ELISA method. Also, the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: Severity of EAE significantly decreased in test group (P240-mIL27), compared to that of the control group. In test group, the levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were significantly lower (P<0.001), while IL-10 levels were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, the percentage of Treg cells in test group was significantly higher than that of the control mice (P<0.001). Conclusion: IL-27 can be a suitable choice in treatment of inflammatory diseases such as MS via increasing Treg cells and IL-10, and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women . Studies have shown that increased in methylation of CpG islands (CpG island hyper methylation, CIHM), is one of the important mechanisms in gene down regulation. DAP-Kinase protein plays an important role in the process of Apoptosis. Interleukin-17 is an proinflammatory cytokine and inflammation,is one of the factors that affect on gene methylation . the purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism of the IL-17 gene promoter methylation Dap-kinase and its relationship to breast cancer. Methods: In this case - control study, A total of 40 Women with Breast cancer and 40 healthy women in Iran were examined.DNA was extracted by saluting out method and Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the IL-17 gene were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method and To study gene promoter methylation Dap-kinase, MSPCR method was used.data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chi-square and Hardy-weinberg equilibrium test. RESULTS: Results confirm the fact that, there is a relationship between DAP-kinase gene promoter methylation and breast cancer disease So that the promoter of this gene in patients than in healthy individuals was much more methylated( p0.05) Conclusion: Due to the fact, that promoter genes methylation is one of the mechanisms of epigenetic genes silencing, it seems that DAP-kinase gene promoter methylation increases is associated with the risk of breast cancer in women.

Background & objective: Studies have shown that increased methylation of CpG islands is one of the important mechanisms in gene silencing. Protein P16 / Ink4 plays an important role in the negative regulator of cell cycle process. Inflammation, including factors that affect gene methylation and IL-17, as an inflammatory cytokine, can play a role in this case. This cytokine gene has several polymorphisms which are involved in the expression of it. According to the statement, the purpose of this study is to investigate IL-17 gene polymorphism on gene promoter methylation of P16 / Ink4 and its relation to breast cancer diseases. Material & Methods: In this case - control study, a total of 40 Women with Breast cancer and 40 healthy women on September 2015 were examined. DNA was extracted and for gene promoter methylation, MSPCR method was used. Single nucleotide Polymorphisms of the IL-17 gene were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. Data were compared in both groups by using Pearson’s chisquare and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Results: Results confirm the fact that, there is a relationship between P16/Ink4 gene promoter methylation and breast cancer disease So that, the promoter of P16/Ink4 gene in healthy individuals was much more unmethylated than patients (p<0.05). On the other hand there is no significant difference between IL-17 gene polymorphisms and DAP-kinase gene methylation (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that increases of P16/Ink4 gene promoter unmethylation in control subjects is associated with the likelihood of being resistant to breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma as an airway disease is identified by increase network respon-siveness of the trachea and bronchus to a specific stimulus. Th17 cells through produc-tion of IL-17 have important role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases .In some studies has been shown which IL-17 as major cytokine of Th17 probably has im-portant role in the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma. Methods: Total mRNA extracted from whole blood samples and sputum of 23 asthma patients and 23 normal controls. Then, total RNA was converted into cDNA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Finally, the transcript levels of IL-17 were quanti-fied by the real-time quantitative PCR. Twenty-three patients with asthma were diag-nosed and selected according to the global initiative for asthma (GINA) and none of the patients had taken the medication at least three week before sampling. Healthy in-dividuals did not have any history of allergy, asthma and other inflammatory diseases at the time of sampling. All of experiments have done in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran during May to February, 2013. Results: This study showed a significant increase in transcript levels of IL-17 in the blood (287±79 versus 1/18±0/13) and sputum samples of the patients (64±28 versus 0/9±0/1) in comparison with normal individuals (P= 0.000, P= 0.029 respectively). It al-so revealed that the expression levels of the cytokines in the serum samples of the asthmatics were significantly more than their levels in patient’s sputum samples (P= 0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the cytokines expression levels in serum samples and sputum samples of the controls (P> 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we showed which the expression of IL-17 was increased in serum and sputum of asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls, this could re-sult in elevation of neutrophils population and activation of pulmonary neutrophil.

مقدمه: سلول TH17 با تولید IL-17 می‌تواند سبب افزایش تولید دو سایتوکین BAFF و APRIL شود که نقش مهمی در بقا و فعال شدن سلول B، و در نتیجه، پاسخ‌های ایمنی هومورال دارند. نارسایی ایمنی رایج متغیر (Common variable immunodeficiency یا CVID)، یکی از بیماری‌های نقص ایمنی اولیه می‌باشد که با کاهش سطح آنتی‌بادی‌ها (نارسایی ایمنی هومورال) همراه است. فراوانی افراد مبتلا به CVID در جمعیت‌های مختلف در محدوده‌ی 1:10000 تا 1:50000 گزارش شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه‌ی میانگین بیان ژن IL-17 در بیماران مبتلا به CVID با افراد سالم بود. روش‌ها: ابتدا 2 میلی‌لیتر خون کامل از 10 بیمار مبتلا به CVID و 10 فرد سالم گرفته و سپس تمام mRNA موجود در این نمونه‌ها جدا شد. پس از ساختن cDNA از روی mRNA، میزان بیان ژن IL-17 را با استفاده از روش Real Time-PCR سنجیدیم. یافته‌ها: میزان بیان ژن IL-17 در بیماران مبتلا به CVID نسبت به افراد شاهد کاهش یافت که البته این کاهش از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار نبود (195/0 = P). نتیجه‌گیری: در این پژوهش نشان دادیم که میزان بیان ژن IL-17 در خون بیماران مبتلا به CVID نسبت به افراد سالم کاهش داشت؛ این موضوع دلیلی بر نقص تولید این سایتوکین است و می‌تواند دلیل نارسایی پاسخ ایمنی هومورال در این افراد باشد.

Background and Aim: Human Giardisis infection is caused by the flagellate protozoa. Giardia lamblia, which lives in the small intestine, causing damage and may also cause gastrointestinal symptoms. This parasitic disease has a worldwide distribution and prevalence varies from 5% to 30%. The role of both humeral and cellular immune response in the host defense against parasites has proven. Since an immune response is directly affected by cytokine, study of cytokines changes in patients with giardiosis is of particular importance. Materials and Methods: In this study the serum levels of IL-2 - 4 - 6 to 17 and 23 in patients and healthy subjects were measured and compared. Fasting blood samples were taken from the volunteers, ELISA was performed to measure cytokines. Results: In this study, the amount of IL-2 and IL-6 in infected patients was significantly more than the controls, but IL-4 levels were significantly lower in infected individuals (P=0.0001). Also for the first time in people with giardiasis IL-17 and IL-23 was measured and there was a significant aifference in these cytokines between the infected patients healthy controls(respectively P=0.044 and P=0.03) Conclusion: Host defense response against parasitic infections, is directly and affected by cytokines. Increased interleukin 2, 6, 17 and 23 in patients with Giardiosis was probably caused by immune response and local intestinal inflammation.

Background: Tumor environment consists of various cells and cytokines. The cytokines are widely produced in the environment by tumor and immune cells. Tumor growth and development depends on the cytokines secreted in this environment. Cytokines have either pro-or anti-inflammatory activity as well as immunesurvilance stability which influence tumor progression in microenvironment. Methods: From 29 patients with breast cancer, 14 patients with malignant and 15 with benign tumors were considered. Specimens were collected from patients who were operated for breast cancer. Obtained tissues were kept at -80°C and then were prepared by homogenizer device. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were measured in tumor tissue, adjacent tumor tissue, and patients’ serum using ELISA technique. Findings: The concentration of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ were 112.3 ± 15.2, 16.9 ± 2.3, and 14.6 ± 3.8 pg/ml in malignant tissues, respectively. The concentration of IL-4 and IL-17 in tumor tissue, adjacent tumor tissue, and serum of patients with malignant tumors were higher than those with benign tumors. Conclusion: Our data indicates that elevated IL-4 and IL-17, but not IFN-γ, in tumor microenvironment may affect the malignancy progression.

Background: Producing IL-17, Th17 cells induce BAFF and APRIL, two important mediators for Bcell survival and activation. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a group of many primary immunodeficiency diseases with a common set of features (including hypo-gammaglobulinemia) and different underlying causes. The prevalence of CVID is 1 to 50,000. Hence, the aim of this study was to measure IL-17 gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with CVID. Methods: Total mRNA extracted from whole blood samples of 10 patients with CVID and 10 normal controls; then, IL-17 gene was measured using qRT-PCR. Findings: There was a slight decrease in transcript levels of IL-17 in patients with CVID, even though, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.195). Conclusion: We showed that IL-17 is decreased in patients with CVID and this could be an explanation for their humoral immunity response insufficiencies. Absence of statistical significance in this IL-17 reduction may be due to our sample size and increasing the number of samples may result in statistical significance of this in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor environment consists of various cells and cytokines. The cytokines are widely produced in the environment by tumor and immune cells. Tumor growth and development depends on the cytokines secreted in this environment. Cytokines have either pro-or anti-inflammatory activity as well as immunesurvilance stability which influence tumor progression in microenvironment. Methods: From 29 patients with breast cancer, 14 patients with malignant and 15 with benign tumors were considered. Specimens were collected from patients who were operated for breast cancer. Obtained tissues were kept at -80°C and then were prepared by homogenizer device. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were measured in tumor tissue, adjacent tumor tissue, and patients' serum using ELISA technique. Findings: The concentration of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ were 112.3 ± 15.2, 16.9 ± 2.3, and 14.6 ± 3.8 pg/ml in malignant tissues, respectively. The concentration of IL-4 and IL-17 in tumor tissue, adjacent tumor tissue, and serum of patients with malignant tumors were higher than those with benign tumors. Conclusion: Our data indicates that elevated IL-4 and IL-17, but not IFN-?, in tumor microenvironment may affect the malignancy progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]