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Background and purpose: L-arginine is an essential amino acid used for glutathione synthesis and as a precursor to nitric oxide, it can act as a free radical scavenger and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L-Arginine on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in normal kidney cells and human blood lymphocytes. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, normal kidney cells (Vero cell line) and human blood lymphocytes were used. Vero cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of L-Arginine (9.35, 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL) and a damaging dose of cisplatin (1.7 µg/mL). Cell viability and IC50 (inhibitory concentration) were evaluated using the MTT assay. For genotoxicity assessment, 5 mL of venous blood sample was collected from a healthy, non-smoking, non-alcoholic volunteer using a heparin syringe and after isolating lymphocytes, different concentrations of L-Arginine were pre-treated with cisplatin at an optimal genotoxic dose. To evaluate micronucleus formation in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated lymphocytes, the slide was prepared and was evaluated by light microscopy. Oxidative stress tests, including ROS and MDA levels, were conducted. ROS levels were measured using a fluorimeter device and DA-DCFH reagent. To measure the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) produced during the lipid peroxidation process Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used as a reagent. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism.8 software. Results: Cisplatin exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) after 48 hours incubation, with an IC50 of 1.7 μg/mL. Based on the results of this study, Pre-treatment with L-arginine at concentrations of 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 μg/ml with 1.7 μg/ml cisplatin significantly reduced cytotoxic effects, so that with the increase of L-arginine concentration, increasing the viability of normal lung cells compared to cisplatin alone as a positive control group. On the other hand, micronucleus test results showed that L-arginine significantly inhibited the genotoxicity of cisplatin in human blood lymphocytes. So in the concentration of 18.75 µg/mL, there was a significant difference with the positive control group (P

Genocide is one the most important International Crimes that has been adopted by the Rome 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court and set out punishment for it in this international instrument. The crime of genocide has been conceived as mother of crimes in the doctrine. Taking place this crime in China against Uyghur Muslims has been under debate in these years. Recent report of Newlines Institute for Strategy and Policy about the Uyghur genocide allege signifies important of the issue and has attracted attention of the media and global society.This article attempts to investigate the issue through scrutinize the questions bellow: has the Actus Reus of the crime of genocide in events sequence concerned with Uyghurs proven? Does it verifyrequisite jurisdictional threshold for initiate investigations by the Prosecutor of ICC? What is the responsibility of Chinese authorities for the crimes mentioned above?In this article, intellectual effort was exerted in order to reach valid answers for the questions about the Uyghurgenocide in Xinjiang region. Based on the documents and reports of different International authorities and organizations, it was revealed the the Actus Reus of the genocide was committed.Although normative and legal possibilities in Rome Statue provides proper conditions for investigating the issue, a bulk of practical obstacles and serious impediments cause the ICC prosecutor refrain from carrying it out. This study also confirms Chinese officials’ international criminal responsibility- at the national and local level- and their mercenaries’ for the Uyghur genocide.The method used in this study is analytic-descriptive one specially analysis related international documents and reports in order to evaluate elements of the crime of genocide.

Introduction: Antibiotics have been used for many years in animal production to treat infectious diseases and as growth promoters. However, the misuse of antibiotics causes problems such as bacterial antibiotic resistance. Also, the possible accumulation of antibiotic residues in livestock products is risky for consumers. After the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in 2006, there was a need to use substitutes in animal feed to replace antibiotics. These alternatives include prebiotics, probiotics, phytobiotics and synbiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient amounts, have beneficial effects on the host by creating a microbial balance in the gut. The purpose of probiotics is to create a competition between the species that are naturally present in the intestinal flora of broilers. The most important advantage of probiotics is that they do not remain in animal products. Prebiotics are feed compounds that are not digested by the host when consumed but can support beneficial bacteria. These compounds are short-chain carbohydrates such as non-digestible oligosaccharides that cannot be digested by animal enzymes. Compounds containing prebiotics and probiotics used in nutrition are called synbiotics. Phytobiotics include a wide range of plant-derived products with bioactive compounds. Plant feed additives (PFAs) are widely effective in improving gut health, increasing digestibility and thus growth performance. These bioactive compounds include secondary metabolites (phenolic and flavonoid). In recent years, various marine organisms have been considered as valuable biological compounds for livestock. Marine algae, due to a wide range of bioactive components such as flavonoid, carotenoid, phenolic compounds, tocopherol, peptide and various sulfated and carboxylated polysaccharides such as alginate and fucoidan with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviruses have beneficial effects on health. Brown macroalgae such as Sargassum angustifolium have beneficial effects on health due to a wide range of bioactive components such as fucoidan, fucose sulfate and polysaccharides. Also, this group of algae is a rich source of sodium alginate oligosaccharides.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design, lasted for 42 days at the Ali Abad Kamin research farm of the Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Shiraz, Iran. A total of 240 Ross 308 broilers were distributed in five treatments, four replications and 12 birds per replication. The dietary treatments included: 1 basal diet, without additives, 2 basal diet + 0.05% Oxytetracycline, 3 basal diet + 0.2% brown algae Sargassum and treatments 4 and 5 the basal diet was + 1% and 1.5% of synbiotics Limax, respectively. Ingredients and chemical composition of the ration are presented in (Table 1). At the end of each period, chickens in each group were weighed and the average body weight gain (g/b) in each period was calculated. Feed intake in each period was calculated and expressed as g/b/d. Based on weight gain and feed intake in each period, the FCR values of each group were calculated. Tow representative chickens from each group were selected for carcass analysis representing the average weight and variability of each group. The data obtained on various parameters studied during this experimental trial were analyzed statistically with SAS software.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the treatments had no significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of the birds. In the finisher period (25-42 days) and total period (1-42 days), oxytetracycline and Limax 1% treatments had the highest and lowest average daily weight gain, respectively. There wasn't any significant difference between average daily weight gain of the oxytetracycline treatment and other experimental treatments. In the finisher period, the highest amount of feed intake was for the control treatment and the lowest for the Limax 1% treatment (P

AbstractThe Kazhdumi Formation (Albian) consists of shale to limestone and marl facies, considered as one of the most important source rocks in the north of the Arabian Plate. This study evaluates the geochemistry of the Kazhdumi Formation as a potential source rock in the northwest of the Persian Gulf in the Hendijan, Soroosh, Foroozan, and Kharg fields. For this purpose, Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis was performed on 140 cutting samples to assess the quantity and quality of organic matter and 53 vitrinite reflectance samples to examine the maturity. The absence of stratification in the water column and unsuitable environmental conditions have not led to the proper preservation of organic matter. Therefore, organic matters are mostly influenced by continental type kerogen (Type III) in this study, ranging from immature to early mature kerogen based on vitrinite reflectance.. However, towards the northeast sector of the Arabian Plate (Hendijan and Kharg fields), due to the presence of organism growth conditions in the water column and the prevailing anoxic conditions at the water-sediment contact (intra-shelf basin), the preservation of organic materials has occurred. The organic matter in this section is mostly marine type (Type II kerogen) and mature based on the vitrinite reflectance data. It seems that the Khafji-Hendijan paleo-high has played an important role in the maturity of the Kazhdumi Formation due to its influence on sediments after the deposition of the Kazhdumi Formation.Keywords: Kazhdumi, Source rock, Persian Gulf, Hendijan, Foroozan IntroductionThe Persian Gulf is one of the richest sedimentary basins for the production and storage of hydrocarbons in the world. The presence of source rocks with abundant organic materials, reservoirs with carbonate composition, and the presence of suitable cap rocks along with existing traps have led to the accumulation of a large volume of oil and gas in the Persian Gulf. The presence of one-third of the world's gas reserves, indicating the appropriate maturity of source rocks in the depths (Rabbani 2007), and considering the geopolitical and strategic position of the Persian Gulf, further emphasize the importance of research in this region. The early Aptian transgression led to the deposition of Dariyan (Shahbazan) limestones in southern Iran (James and Wynd 1965). Subsequently, a widespread regression in the late Aptian encompassed the region, resulting in a depositional hiatus at the top of the Dariyan Formation. Nevertheless, deposition continued in deeper areas such as the Garau seaway, Kazhdumi intra-shelf basins and the Bab Basin (Sfidari et al. 2016, 2021; Sfidari et al. 2024). During the Albian period, the Arabian Plate acted as a source of clastic sediments for the Burgan Delta (Bordenave and Burwood 1995). The delta previously mentioned has transitioned to deeper, anoxic conditions. Consequently, the sediments of the Burgan Formation have transformed into the Kazhdumi Formation, characterized by marl and black shale facies (Ziegler 2001). In Iranian fields along the shores of the Persian Gulf, such as Hendijan (near the decline of Dezful), the Kazhdumi Formation is mainly composed of shales, marls, and limestones with a small number of sandstones layers in a neritic environment. In the Soroosh, Nowruz, and Foroozan fields, which are further from the Iranian coast, an Arab unit like the Nahar Omar is still used instead of the Kazhdumi Formation. The purpose of this research is to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Hendijan, Soroosh, Foroozan, and Kharg fields located in the northwest of the Persian Gulf and evaluate organic-rich sedimentary environments using Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance. Materials & MethodsThe present study plan evaluates the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Hendijan, Soroosh, Foroozan, and Kharg fields using the results of Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance to determine the hydrocarbon production potential. To achieve this goal, 140 samples were chosen for Rock-Eval analyses and 53 samples for vitrinite reflectance analyses. Discussion of Results & ConclusionsMigration index and examination of infected samples: The curve of changes in S1 against the weight percentage of TOC was utilized to evaluate the contamination levels in the samples (Hunt 1996; Behar et al. 2001). Also, PI values above 0.5 are another criterion for the contamination of samples (Hunt 1996). Most of the samples are under the S1/TOC graph slope line, indicating the non-contamination of the samples.Determination of the quantity and potential of the Kazhdumi Formation: The total organic carbon content for the Kazhdumi Formation, generally in the northwest region of the Persian Gulf, varies between 0.2 to 6.24 weight percent. In the Hendijan Field, the TOC content ranges from 0.86 to 6.24 weight percent, indicating an average to excellent quantity, with an average TOC content of 2.93, representing an excellent quantity. The TOC content for the Soroosh Field ranges from 0.2 to 1.66 weight percent, covering a weak to good quantity for the Kazhdumi Formation. In addition, the average TOC value of this formation in the Soroosh Field is 0.8 weight percent, indicating a quantity in the medium range. The TOC values in the Foroozan Field ranged from 0.62 to 1.58 weight percent with an average of 1.20, indicating a medium to good quantity.. The TOC values in the Kharg Field are in the range of 0.62–0.78 weight percent, indicating that the quantity of the Kazhdumi Formation in this field is in the moderate range, (average 0.7). It should be noted that only four samples from the Kharg Field have been studied in this research, which cannot be representative of the entire thickness of the Kazhdumi Formation in this field.Quality and thermal maturity of the Kazhdumi Formation: Hydrogen index values in the Hendijan Field ranges from 309 to 613 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC), indicating a combination of Type I and Type II kerogen for the Kazhdumi Formation. In the Soroosh Field, this parameter ranges from 59 to 333 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC), representing Type III kerogen for most samples. In addition, in the Foroozan Field, the hydrogen index ranges from 133 to 736 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC). Out of the total samples studied, six samples have hydrogen index values below 200 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC), out of the total samples studied.. The remaining samples in this field have values higher than 200 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC), indicating a combination of Type II and III kerogen. Hydrogen index values in the Kharg Field range from 193 to 291 (milligrams of hydrocarbon per gram of TOC), indicating Type III kerogen for the Kazhdumi Formation in this field. The plot of hydrogen index versus oxygen index also confirms the above results.During high relative sea level (Figure 9), a large volume of cold and fresh water containing nutrients entered into the photic zone which led to the expansion of a productive organic zone in the water column. But, in the lower part, the non-oxygen conditions/suboxic zone prevailed. These conditions have led to high sedimentation rates and preservation rates of organic matter at the water-sediment boundary in deeper parts of the sedimentary environment, especially in the intrashelf basin (location of the Hendijan Field). The total organic carbon content and hydrogen index values in the Hendijan Field and to some extent the Kharg Field confirm the mentioned discussions. The shale-rich facies in the upper parts of the Kazhdumi Formation containing Type II kerogen in the Hendijan Field (as the southeastern part of the intrashelf basin) have formed under oxygen-free to suboxic environmental conditions. These conclusions are confirmed by oxygen-depleted conditions reported in the central to northeastern parts of the central Dezful depression (Bordenave and Hegre 2005; Sfidari et al. 2016).At the same time, the southwest of the basin (the location of Foroozan and Soroosh fields) is influenced by the influx of turbulent river waters and no layering state in the water column (by density) has been created.Therefore, as marine organic materials have been relatively degraded due to the dominance of dryness in the upper parts of the Kazhdumi Formation, this part of the formation has been deposited in marine conditions containing oxygen.On the other hand, the interpretation of tectonic factors on events after the deposition of the Kazhdumi Formation provides clear information on the maturity changes of the Kazhdumi Formation from the Foroozan, Soroosh towards the Hendijan fields. It can be concluded that the greater maturity of the Kazhdumi Formation in the Hendijan Field compared to the Foroozan and Soroosh fields is due to the higher thickness of the upper Cretaceous sediments (Sarvak, Ilam, and Gurpi formations) in the northern part of the Hendijan–Khafji Paleo-High.

achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. urban water security has created significant concern for urbanization and climate change. Having systems thinking and integrated management can help to understand the mechanisms that affect the long-term water security of a city. Today, the metropolis of Ahvaz has become one of the largest cities in Iran due to the development of economic, social, cultural, and political activities with the growing population. Considering that the process of urban construction and development and excessive population growth in this metropolis was not subject to a pre-determined and codified plan and its water supply and distribution plans were not consistent with the increase in population; Therefore, in this city, like all the big cities of Iran and the world, there are various problems in terms of water security. Global climate change, geographical features of this metropolis, environmental issues, pollution of water resources and insufficient water resources for the current population on the one hand and the other hand the increasing industrial use of water, the existence of large industries, and new and growing cities and towns around this The metropolis as well as the huge consumption of water in the agricultural lands around the city of Ahvaz has made the water resources more limited. The continuation of this trend is all reason for the need for comprehensive planning and assessment of water security for the future. to analyze the trend of changes in climatic parameters of precipitation and discharge of Ahvaz station, the period of 70 years ( 1330 - 1400 ) was studied And the time trend of changes in the aforementioned climatic parameters was calculated using the Menkendall non-parametric test in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series during the statistical period of the study. The results showed that during the studied period of the year, there have been changes in climatic parameters in the city of Ahvaz in the form of a decrease in precipitation and a decrease in discharge, and this has had consequences for the metropolis of Ahvaz. This study presents a systematic approach to better understanding urban water security, with a working definition and an assessment framework for application in urban areas. The assessment framework for achieving urban water security depends on four main dimensions: Drinking water and humans, ecosystem, climate changes, and risks related to water and socio-economic factors. This framework allows further analysis of the relationships and trade-offs between urbanization and water security, as well as between the aforementioned indicators. Applying this framework will help governments, policymakers, and water stakeholders target scarce resources more effectively and sustainably. This study shows that achieving urban water security requires a comprehensive and integrated approach with common stakeholders to provide a meaningful way to improve the management and understanding of urban water security.

IntroductionStevia is a perennial herb with sweet leaves, about 300 times sweeter than sucrose and today cultivated in many parts of the world. Drought stress and nitrogen deficiency are the most important environmental stresses that limit the production of this plant and have adverse effects on plant growth and development and other metabolic processes. The effect of drought stress on the plant depends on the type of plant, species, intensity, duration and growth stage of the plant. With the onset of drought decrease leaf water and stomatal conduction, and as it intensifies, loses permeability of the leaf cell membrane and damages. On the other hand, with the closure of the stomata due to lack of water is difficult and the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaves and in general, photosynthesis is reducing. Plant nutrition in drought conditions is also of special importance and proper nutrition in this situation can increase growth and stress tolerance. This element is the most important component of photosynthetic pigment proteins and has a great effect on leaf size and area.Materials and methodsTherefore, in order to investigate the effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of stevia, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Campus of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, during 2016. Factorial experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Treatments included drought stress at three levels (no stress, mild stress and severe stress) and nitrogen fertilizer at five levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) from urea source. Irrigation time for non-stress, mid and severe stress were 50, 65 and 80%, respectively, respectively from drainage of usable moisture in the soil. The size of the Cultivation space was 50 × 50 × 50 cm (length, width and height) and they were made of cement. The irrigation system was drip irrigation. the first and second harvest were on the May 23 and September 6, 2016, respectively. Traits were examined including yield and yield components, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE), soluble sugars, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Data were analyzed using SAS and MSTAT-C software and the means were compared using the LSD test at a probability level of 5%.Results and discussionThe results showed that the drought stress and nitrogen had a significant effect on biomass, leaf dry matter, shoot dry matter, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, relative water content, water use efficiency, soluble sugars, proline and enzyme Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. The highest amount of leaf dry matter in non-stressed treatments and applying 400 kg.ha-1 N in the first and second cutting were 20.4 and 17.1 g.pl-1, respectively, and the lowest amount of leaf dry matter in severe stress treatments and applying 400 kg N ha-1 the first and second cutting were 6.81 and 5.85 g.pl-1, respectively. With increasing amounts of nitrogen increased chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids in the first and second cutting. The amount of chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids was higher in the second cutting, but in carotenoids the values were equal in both cutting. Also, with increasing drought stress decreased the RWC in the first and second cutting and in the non-drought stress in the first and second cutting were 68.4% and 70.4%, and in the severe stress were 55.0% and 58.3%, respectively. Mean comparison of the interactions (stress × nitrogen) on WUE and proline showed that in conditions non-stress and using 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen had the highest WUE. WUE in the first and second cutting were 1.94 and 0.65 g.kg-1, respectively. In this experiment, the amount of superoxide dismutase in the first and second cutting increased with increasing drought stress, but on the contrary, the amount of peroxidase in the second cutting decreased with increasing drought stress. In addition, with the increase of N, the superoxide dismutase in the first and second cutting and also the amount of peroxidase increased in the second cutting.ConclusionIn general, it can be concluded that stevia production in the second year has a good yield under non-drought stress. In addition, the use of nitrogen in conditions non-stress increased leaf yield. Leaf yield under mid stress with nitrogen application was not very significant. Under drought stress reduced leaf yield and was more severely with nitrogen utilization. Stevia is a summer plant with high water uses. It is recommended to pay attention to the amount of water available in summer and usually have a shorter irrigation cycle than other summer crops in the region, which is economically viable.

Background: Unwanted pregnancy can cause multiple psychological problems in parents and disrupt their emotional bond with the fetus. Therefore, in the present study, the comparison of psychological characteristics and attachment of parents to the fetus in wanted and unwanted pregnancies has been discussed. Methods: The statistical population of the study included all pregnant women who were referred to the women's clinic of the Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital in Semnan, Iran, who were selected purposefully by examining their medical records and according to the inclusion criteria. They were placed in two groups of wanted and unwanted pregnancy (104 couples: 51 wanted, 53 unwanted). To collect data, personal information forms, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (Cranley), and Paternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (Cranley & Weaver) questionnaires were used. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: There was a significant difference between the fathers of the two groups in the subscales of “anxiety, self-sacrifice, differentiation between self and fetus, and total attachment”. In addition, mothers with wanted pregnancy had significantly less stress, anxiety, and depression. The average scores of the subscales of “attributing specific characteristics to the fetus, self-sacrifice, differentiation between self and fetus, and total attachment” in mothers with wanted pregnancies were significantly higher than those in mothers with unwanted pregnancies (P < 0.005). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, an unwanted pregnancy can endanger the psychological conditions of parents, especially mothers, and reduce the attachment of parents to the fetus, which can cause irreparable damage to the health of the mother and child. For this purpose, appropriate psychological interventions can be used during pregnancy to reduce psychological harm to parents.

Background and Aim: Core needle biopsy (CNB) is less invasive and has fewer side effects compared to surgical procedures, and provides accurate information about the nature of the tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CNB in the diagnosis of the cause of lymphadenopathy. Materials and Methods: In this study, 153 patients with lymphadenopathy underwent CNB from 2014 to 2018. Immunohistochemistry staining with appropriate markers was performed. Excisional biopsy, clinical and radiological data were evaluated using spss-21 softwere, data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and tukey test (p

In this paper, a three-level framework is proposed to determine the optimal scheduling of a Multi-Area Active Distribution Network in the presence of inter-area Soft Open Points (SOPs). In this framework, the uncertainty of renewable generation and forecasted demand is modeled using information gap decision theory in a risk-averse manner. Coordinated scheduling of Controllable Distributed Generators (CDGs) and SOPs, inter-area energy exchanges and energy trading with upstream network considering the uncertainties are the contribution of the presented method. To improve the computational efficiency and to achieve the optimal solution, the scheduling problem is modeled as a second-order conic programming in which the operational and security constraints of the network, CDG limitations, and operational constraints of SOPs are accurately modeled and the problem is solved by executing CPLEX solver in MATLAB environment. A case study on IEEE 33-bus test system showcases the superiority of the proposed model compared to meta-heuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, and gravitational search algorithm.

Rivers are considered to be among the most significant sources of fresh water, and their quality monitoring holds significant importance in terms of both spatial and temporal changes. In this study, the water quality of Golin River was investigated using the CWQI index for the construction of warm and cold-water fish breeding centers. Different parameters as: DO, pH, BOD5, NO3, Ec, turbidity, temperature, TDS, CaCO3, NO2, total hardness, CO2, Cu, NH3, and Fe were sampled twice a month from the water from April 2019 to March 2020. The results showed that the parameters of BOD5, TDS, CaCO3, NH3, Cu, and NO3 were in the unfavorable category in comparison with the standards of hot and cold-water fish farming. Comparison of CWQI index in cold-water fish farming in different months showed that the highest and lowest numerical values ​​of the index with values ​​of 70.02 and 60.37 were observed in February and December, respectively. Also, the numerical values ​​of the index in warm-water fish farming were observed as the highest and the lowest numerical values ​​of the index with the values ​​of 85.38 and 70.96, in April and February, respectively. The results of this study showed that according to the final value of CWQI index, in general, the water of Golin river was suitable for warm-water and cold-water fish farming in the desired range.

Water is one of the main factors in human life and, in addition to drinking, it plays an important role in other uses related to human life and nature. Among the water resources, rivers are more important because those water resources are considered as open systems and are therefore subject to change. The quality of these water resources is one of the most important characteristics that leads to sustainable development. One of the most practical and cost-effective methods to determine the ecological health of water and determine whether the quality of water has decreased with human activities is the biological study of these water resources. To achieve this result, the use of water quality index is very useful. In Iran, two indices (NSFWQI) and (IRWQISC) have been used. Due to tropical climate conditions of Golin region and increasing of water shortage in the past years, and also because of the construction of Zagros dam on the river which use for irrigation of agricultural lands, measuring the water quality of the Golin River is important. Therefore, to investigate the temporal changes of Golin river water quality, the present study was carried out at the station located downstream of Najargolin village during 4 different seasons and qualitative studies were performed on them based on the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index. The Golin river Basin is located between 45° 60' and 45° 44' east longitude and 34°26' and 34°9' north latitude and 3450 meters above sea level. The parameters studied were DO, pH, BOD5, NO3-, PO43-, turbidity, water temperature and TDS. Sampling was done in four periods of spring, summer, autumn and winter during the years 2019-2020, based on the standard method. According to the obtained results, the value of DO in November with the value of 9.23 mg/L was the highest value and in July, with the value of 7.55 mg/L was in the lowest range. The highest values of the pH were observed during January and December and the lowest parameter observed in March. The highest amount of BOD5 was observed in June and the lowest in September, with values of 9.60 and 4.75 mg/L, respectively. In June, October, November, December, January and February, the BOD5 parameter showed higher values than other months. It was found that the highest value of NO3 was observed in April, November, December, January and February, respectively. The highest value of phosphate observed in June with a rate of 1 mg/L and the lowest amount was observed in November with a rate of 0.18 mg/L. The results of water turbidity in the river during the year showed that the highest value of this parameter was in November and the lowest were in January, July and September. According to results, dissolved oxygen (DO) with an annual average of 8.45 mg/L according to the drinking standard (WHO, 2004) and the FAO irrigation standard (FAO, 2005) were in the appropriate range. The pH value also was in the desired range, with an annual average of 7.8 in terms of irrigation and drinking. The results of examining the annual average of BOD5 also showed that this parameter was unfavorable based on the drinking standard, but it was in the desired range according to the FAO irrigation standard. The annual average of TDS showed that this parameter is in the unfavorable category in terms of irrigation, but in the favorable category in terms of drinking consumption. According to the results, the water quality of the river was in the Medium category in all different seasons and months during the year. The highest numerical value of NSFWQI was obtained in March with the value of 60.59 and the lowest numerical value of the mentioned index was measured at a value 54.21 in June. The total results which obtained from the study of Golin river water quality during one year (2019-2020) showed that the water of the river in terms of NSFWQI was in the medium category in all seasons. Disposal of household waste, animal waste, rural waste, agricultural wastewater and hot climate are the main reasons for the decrease in river water quality at the sampling station. Examination of physical and chemical parameters of Golin river and comparison of results with WHO drinking standard and FAO irrigation standard showed that DO, pH, NO3-, PO43- were in the desired category and BOD5, turbidity and TDS were classified as undesirable condition. However, it can be suggested that based on the results obtained from the index at the Najjar station, the water of the Golin River cannot be used directly for drinking and requires advanced treatment. For recreational purposes, the water must be used with caution. It was also found that the river water could be used for irrigation in agriculture and drinking of domestic animals.

Objective In the absence of an age normed developmental battery for Persian, the major objectives of this research are to develop a reliable and valid clinical linguistic battery to collect normative data from 3 to 7-year-old healthy Persian speaking children. The battery can also be used to measure severity of language impairments in 3 to 7-year-old Persian speaking children as compared with their aged matched peers. Materials & Methods Development of this battery is considered as a descriptive tool in which reliability and validity of the normative data were developed in 3 stages. The first version with 9 different sub-tests, 180 items and two descriptive pictures was developed after cultural and linguistic adaptations for the Persian language for different linguistic levels of phonology, morphology, syntax and pragmatics. The first draft was performed using 200 3 to 8-year-old healthy children in Tehran to measure the sensitivity of different tasks of the test for different age groups. This draft was not sensitive for 8-year-old children. The CVR of the first draft of the battery was checked by 3 Persian speaking clinical linguistic experts and 3 expert speech therapists and also was introduced to 20 SLP experts in a clinical linguistic workshop. In the second stage, based on the results and suggestions, necessary corrections were made in the test structure and items. Also, plural morpheme task of the previous version which was not sensitive enough, was removed and a new semantic task (word definition) as a sensitive semantic task used in other developmental language batteries was added to the battery. The results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of the test for the 8-year-old age group is not satisfactory. The final version of the battery consisted of 9 subtests with 105 items and two descriptive pictures were used to collect normative data from 200 children. To evaluate reliability and validity of the final version, the opinions of 8 speech therapists and linguists were used.and to evaluate the construct validity, the correlation matrix and confirmatory factor analysis and for its validity Cronbach’s alpha were used. The final version of the battery was sent to expert speech therapists in 5 selected target group provinces (Tehran, Mazandaran, Fars, Esfahan and Khorasan) to collect normative data from 1200 3 to 7-year-old typically developement children in available kindergartens and schools. Finally, the collected data for task items and connected speech measures were processed and analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Results The content validity was 0.78 and test reliability was 0.76. In addition to confirm the construct validity and diagnostic validity of the test, the correlation between the sub-tests and the overall test scores were also significant at the level of 0.01 (with a correlation of 0.20 to 0.83). The norm for each age group was six months and one year and was calculated as a standard score and reported in the tables. Conclusion Finally, the results of the normative data of this battery are proved to be clinically normative as an indication of the level of linguistic development for each age group and also determine the severity of their language impairment. The battery can also be used to measure the efficacy of rehabilitation in 3 to 7-year old Persian speaking children.

One of the greatest issues regarding Iranian concrete dams is the lack of consideration for increasing our knowledge about them and their performance in times of accidents such as floods, earthquakes, and impact load caused by explosion waves. Some of the most significant objectives of this research are an investigation of the effect of TNT content and its distance from the concrete dam, the identification of critical points of the dam, and the impact of fluid on the amount of damage caused by the explosion to the concrete dam under impact load. The analysis used in this research is straightforward. It should be noted that the discovery of the critical points of the dam in the event of an accident, such as an explosion with complex behavior, can minimize human and financial losses. The LBE method was employed in this study. The interaction between the dam and the water behind it is one of the very considerable parameters that influence the deformation of the dam due to the hydrodynamic pressure of the water behind the dam. It is demonstrated by the results that doubling and tripling the amount of TNT leads to an increase in the pressure on the crest of the full dam by 46.63% and 64.68% respectively; besides, by multiplying the amount of TNT by four and five, the mentioned pressure increases by 70% and 75.58%, respectively.

Extended Abstract Abstract The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International over recent years sheds light on Iran's unfavorable ranking. The present research develops an Electronic government (e-Government) model that emphasizes countering corruption in Iran. It prioritizes the critical parameters in countering corruption to establish the comprehensive structure of e-Government. Thus, this study is developmental and applied in terms of its goals. It draws on the Exploratory sequential mixed methodology and follows a descriptive correlational research design. The statistical population in the qualitative section consists of experts, whereas the quantitative part studies the relevant staff and university professors. The qualitative phase relies on judgment sampling, with the quantitative phase utilizing cluster sampling and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative and fuzzy Delphi phase employs questionnaires with closed-ended questions. Reliability was calculated through the retest reliability method and was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Theme analysis and the Fuzzy Delphi method were used to analyze the data. Findings suggest that Information Technology (IT), network accessibility, regulations, C2G, B2G, and G2G services, and human capital constitute critical priorities in establishing an e-Government to counter corruption. IntroductionOne of the important factors that can prevent the efforts of the government from achieving its goals is corruption. Corruption is an act that ignores the public interest in favor of some special interests (Arayankalam et al., 2021). Transparency International's 2021 report on the Corruption Perceptions Index indicates that Iran's ranking has dropped by one step and ranked 150 out of 180 countries under review, and this is the result of the influence of corruption in the governing body, which weakens the effectiveness of the legislative, executive and judicial branches. has made it necessary to deal with this social problem as a result. E-government refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and the Internet to increase access and provide all aspects of government services and operations for the benefit of citizens, businesses, employees and other stakeholders and is widely recognized in the fight against corruption. (Nam, 2018;). However, there is considerable ambiguity in existing research on the impact of e-government on corruption.Materials and Methods This research is based on the objective, applied-developmental, based on method of mixed type (quantitative-qualitative), sequential-exploratory, and in terms of the data analysis method, descriptive-correlation. In the qualitative part, the statistical community is organizational and academic experts in the field of E-government and organizational behavior, and in the quantitative part, it is the relevant employees and some university professors. Sampling in the qualitative stage was by judgmental method and 9 organizational experts and 4 academic experts were selected in the quantitative stage 60 people were selected by cluster method and according to Karjesi and Morgan table. The method of collecting theoretical data is archival and field statistical data. The qualitative data collection tool (theme analysis stage) was a semi-structured interview and the Fuzzy and quantitative Delphi stage was a questionnaire with closed questions. The validity of the qualitative data measurement tool was checked by the Newman validation method and the validity of the quantitative data was checked by the form and construct validity method and confirmed. To calculate the reliability of the qualitative part, the retest reliability method was used to measure the reliability in the quantitative part, the Alpha Cronbach coefficient was used and confirmed. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used and in the second stage, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used. Quantitative part data was also analyzed by structural equation modeling method with the help of Smart PLS3 software.Discussion and Results Theme analysis method was used to identify the indicators, components, factors affecting the reduction of corruption, and G2B, G2C, G2G services, human resources training, network access, information technology infrastructure, organizational rules, general rules and work process were included as independent variables. were examined and the significant coefficients of all 9 parameters were extracted above 2.58. To check the quality of the structural model in general, the GOF index was used and the value of 0.5325 was obtained, which confirms the appropriate quality of the qualitative model. The current research was conducted to developing the E-government model for anti-corruption in Iran. The results showed that the model includes service components, communication infrastructure and access to the network, laws and regulations, and human capital, while the coefficients of the result were significant at 99.9%.

Introduction and goalThe phenomenon of flood is one of the frequent hazards that have caused financial losses and many lives in Iran in the last decade. One of the three main natural hazards of Iran is the occurrence of floods, and it is safe to say that a large flood occurs at least once a year in some part of this country. Floods are considered as a great threat to human life by damaging or killing people and animals, especially buildings and houses, agricultural land and crop production, urban infrastructure, bridges and roads. Floods in Iran cause a lot of damage from an economic point of view; it causes destruction of the environment, natural and residential resources and loss of life. In the past years, about 70% of the annual credits of the plan to reduce the effects of natural disasters and the headquarters of unexpected events have been used to compensate for the damages caused by floods. In this research, by using flood location data and using machine learning models and random forest data mining and the weight of evidence and their combination, the spatial prediction of flood prone areas has been discussed.Materials and methodsIn this research, combined models and 11 predicting variables of flood probability in Karkheh watershed located in Lorestan province have been used. These variables include maps of geomorphometric indicators, including topographic humidity index, relative slope position and topographic position index, hydrological maps including: drainage density and distance from the drainage network, for this purpose, first, data mining models for the initial analysis of the relationships between environmental variables and events Past risks are used and their results are used as input data for machine learning models. Flood data were randomly divided into two groups: training (70%) and validation (30%). Prediction accuracy was evaluated using operating characteristic curve (ROC) method.Results and discussionAccording to the results of the random forest model, the accuracy was 0.904, the weight of evidence was 0.886, and the combined model of random forest - the weight of evidence was 0.978. Based on the combined model of random forest and the weight of evidence as the superior model, 20.49% of the surface has medium upward potential. Based on the random forest model, drainage density, distance from waterways, height and land use were the most important factors affecting flood potential.

Objective Grammar is a key element of language knowledge and a factor in predicting language learning and success. Early diagnosis of grammatical errors in children before entering school is very important. So far, no tool has been designed to evaluate the Azerbaijani language grammar comprehension in Iran. The present study aims to design the Azerbaijani language grammar comprehension test for Iranian children aged 4-6 along and assess its validity. Materials & Methods This is a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) study. After searching in various databases and reviewing available articles, 42 grammatical structures of the Azerbaijani language were extracted, of which 8 were removed after preliminary examination by experts. Then, 204 items were formulated for the remaining 34 grammatical structures. To determine the content validity, the test was sent to 11 experts in the field of Azerbaijani language grammar to evaluate the items. According to their opinions, two more suitable items were selected from among four items for each grammatical structure and included in the initial version for the pilot study. The initial test version was conducted on 30 children aged 4-6 years with normal language development. Results After calculating the content validity ratio (CVR), two grammatical structures were removed, and 32 structures with 128 items having CVR≥0.59 remained. After calculating the content validity index (CVI), the items with CVI≥0.79 were selected. The initial version had 32 grammatical structures and 64 items. None of the items were removed in the pilot phase, and only 10 items were modified. The CVR and CVI of the test were 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, indicating good content validity. Conclusion The Azerbaijani language grammar comprehension test has good content and face validity and can be used to evaluate the grammar comprehension of children with Azerbaijani language aged 4-6 years.

Introduction: Stillbirth is one of the adverse outcomes of birth in both developing and developed countries. Worldwide, more than a million pregnancies end in stillbirth, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. This study was conducted with aim to determine maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth in Qaenat city.Methods: This case-control study was conducted from 2016-2021 on 104 stillbirths and 208 live births (controls) in urban and rural health centers of Qaenat city. Data related to stillbirths were collected using a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 26) and chi-square and logistic tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The total stillbirth rate was 9.88 per 1000 live births. In univariate analysis, mother's age (P=0.04), husband's age (P=0.009), history of twin birth (P=0.006), history of underlying disease (P=0.04), gestational age (P=0.001), birth weight (P=0.001), history of abortion (P=0.02) and history of stillbirth (P=0.03) showed a significant relationship with stillbirth. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the birth of a baby under 37 weeks (aOR=17.77, CI:7.20-43.83, P

Abstract Introduction: The use of obstacles in dam reservoirs is considered an effective method for directing sedimentation toward the middle of the reservoir (instead of sedimentation next to the dam wall where the facilities are located). In the present study, to control the saline density current, the effect of cylindrical, cubic, and pile-shaped obstacles on the characteristics and motion of the body of the density is experimentally investigated. Methods: In this regard, 323 cylindrical obstacles with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 30 cm, were placed on the bed of a Plexiglas in a channel with a length of 12.5 m, a width of 30 cm, and a height of 40 cm in a zigzag form along with the same number of cubic obstacles with dimensions of 1.1 cm and a height of 30 cm in the next step. The experiments were performed with three flow rates (0.27, 0.55, and 0.83 liters per second), three slopes (0.2, 0.5, and 1%), and constant concentration (15 g/l). Findings: The results showed that the use of obstacles reduces the height of the body of density current along the channel. The height of the body in cubic obstacles is more than cylindrical obstacles. The use of obstacles affects the velocity profiles and reduces the velocity of the body of the density current. The flow rate of the body of density current in a bed without obstacles has an increasing trend while it has a decreasing trend in the bed with obstacles. Therefore, the reduction of flow rate in cubic obstacles was 1.5 to 2 times compared to the cylindrical obstacles. As a result, flow rate control in cubic obstacles was greater. Also, by moving along the channel, the reduction of the concentration of body of the density current in cubic and cylindrical obstacles was 49% and 41%, respectively, compared to the bed without obstacle

Background and Aims Studies show that individuals with upper crossed syndrome have poor balance compared to healthy people for various reasons, including displacement of their center of gravity toward forward. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Alexander technique on the static and dynamic balance of young men with the upper crossed syndrome.Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 24 subjects were purposefully selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The static and dynamic balance of the subjects were assessed by the Sharpened Romberg and timed up and go tests. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of Alexander technique training during 6 weeks in individual and group sessions. The duration of individual sessions was 40, and that of group sessions was 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any training. During the training sessions, the subjects were taught the Alexander technique via manual guidance, as well as tactile, verbal, visual, and proprioception feedback. After collecting data, the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired sample t test. Results The study’s final results showed a significant difference (P

The groundwater quality changes of the Bijar-Divandere Plain located in Kurdistan Province, for scaling and corrosion, by using the information during the years 2009 to 2018 and for each year, two months of June and October were selected as high and low groundwater conditions in the GIS environment, respectively. Moreover, by evaluating various indicators to determine corrosion and scaling, valid indicators such as Langelier, Ryznar, and Pocorius for industrial use, scaling and corrosion analysis wewassed. The results of mentioned indicators in general showed that the groundwater of the western and eastern parts of the plain was prone to corrosion and to scaling respectively. The Ryznar index also showed that the water quality of the center part of the plain is a neutral condition. It is recommended to use aeration to remove iron and manganese, cathodic protection, priming, glazing, and painting of the desired facilities in the western parts of the Bijar-Divandere plain to prevent water corrosion. Moreover, for the central parts to the east of the plain with water sedimentation properties and adverse effects on agriculture, industry, and health of the region, the use of scaling inhibitors such as the use of phosphate compounds and less extraction of water resources are recommended.

According to the technical specifications of the future generations of telecommunication (the fifth generation and later), which should provide new services with very high data rates in the minimum time and a wide coverage, as well as the exponential increase in traffic, the use of combined space-air networks Land is essential. It should be noted that the management of this type of combined networks has major challenges in providing such services. Meanwhile, the intelligent management of resources in satellite-based hybrid networks will lead to increased capacity and improved service quality. For this purpose, in this article, a comprehensive review of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of satellite communications will be discussed. In the field of intelligent increase of capacity, various factors such as how to configure the network, how to allocate resources such as spectrum, energy and power will be investigated with consideration of intelligent interference management. Finally, in the field of service quality improvement, factors such as how to model and intelligently predict traffic, as well as how to deal with harmful environmental conditions, will be presented.

Background and Objective: Increasing the productivity of surface water, the unsustainable development of agriculture in the boundaries of rivers, and human sewage have reduced the quality of these water resources. Therefore, investigating the amount of pollution and its sources is very necessary for regional planning. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Golin River using WQI and Liou indexes. Materials and Methods: Sampling of Golin river water was performed to check water quality based on (WQI) and (Liou) indices in Najjar village station for one year from April 2019 to March 2020. Results: Water quality, according to the Liou index, during the research period in the sampling station in September and March, was in a good category and other months were slightly polluted. According to the results of the WQI index, water quality in September and March were in the excellent descriptive category, with values of 47.82 and 49.74, respectively, but in other months it was in a good category. In September and March, water quality improved compared to other months because of lower BOD5 due to reduced agricultural activities, and both indicators showed these quality changes well. Conclusion: Due to the lack of stable conditions in water quality affected by seasonal changes and its departure from the category of high-quality water according to the results of the WQI index and also a little water pollution according to the Liou index, the direct use of Golin River water for drinking purposes is recommended and for this purpose, regular purification should be done and accurate and continuous evaluations of water quality in Golin River are necessary.

In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous fertilizer on some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of durum wheat in rainfed conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station during growing season 2018-2019. Four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) as the first factor and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P) as the second factor were considered. The average comparison results of simple effects indicated that Zahab and Saji cultivars among cultivars and combination treatment of mycorrhizal + 25 kg / ha P and then 50 kg / ha P had the greatest effect on improving the studied traits. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest fresh and dry weight, length density, and root water content and activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthetase was obtained in combined treatment of mycorrhizal and phosphorus fertilizer at Zahab and Saji cultivars. However, the lowest specific root length, and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide activity were obtained in the same treatment and cultivars. In general, the results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in rainfed conditions, especially in Zahab and Saji cultivars, in addition to reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve root growth characteristics and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants. As a result, it reduces the peroxidation of membrane lipids (the decline in production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and increases drought stress tolerance.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of information technology capabilities on the competitiveness of sports stores with the mediating role of social innovation. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of method. The statistical population studied were all the sellers of sports stores in the Monirieh district of Tehran in 2021. The number of the statistical population under study was unknown. The number of statistical samples was estimated to be 127 people through G-Power software. The sampling method was available. The tool for collecting the data was a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were checked and confirmed. A total of 127 respondents answered the distributed questionnaires perfectly. Structural equation modeling including confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis was used for data analysis. The software used for data analysis was SPSS and SMART PLS. The results showed that social innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between information technology capabilities and the competitiveness of sports stores. Therefore, the use of information technology and social innovation by sports store sellers is necessary to achieve a better position than competitors. IntroductionOne of the characteristics of successful companies is competitiveness (Zandhasami & Ashtianipour, 2012). Competitiveness is one of the most important concerns of business and activity in a dynamic and competitive environment (Bălan, Balaure & Vegheş, 2009). In the meantime, information technology capabilities can be used as organizational capabilities to achieve competitive advantages (Wade & Hulland, 2004). Information technology capabilities alone are not enough to achieve competitiveness (Doğan, 2016). In fact, one of the distinctive features of our society is the continuous effort to create, adopt, and spread innovations (Cajaiba-Santana, 2014). There are different types of innovation: example commercial, social, and artistic. Most of these innovations are no longer limited to the field of technology, and a broader concept includes dynamic management, new marketing methods, external cooperation, intelligent activity, and human resource management. These innovations are called “social innovation” (Pol &Ville, 2009). Social innovations can bring many benefits, including increasing the level of trust in the government and improving decision-making processes (Vasin, Gamidullaeva & Rostovskaya, 2017). Therefore, according to the above material and referring to the importance of the discussed variables in all areas, especially marketing and sports stores, the current research seeks to answer two research questions: Do information technology capabilities have an effect on the competitiveness of sports stores or not? And what is the role of social innovation in this connection? MethodologyThe current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey methods in terms of fieldwork. In terms of the relationship between the variables, it is of the correlation type and in terms of time, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population was all the sellers of sports stores in the Monirieh district of Tehran in 2021. The number of statistical population was unknown. Based on the uncertainty of the number of the statistical population, G-Power software was used to estimate the size of the statistical sample. Then, 127 samples were considered as the minimum sample size. Data collection was done in two library and field phases. In the library phase, books, articles, and theses were used, and in the field phase, a questionnaire was used. A total of 147 questionnaires were distributed among sports sellers in the Monirieh area of Tehran by the non-probability sampling method. Finally, 127 complete questionnaires were used for case analysis. After collecting information through questionnaires, descriptive statistics were used to describe sample sizes. In the continuation of the analysis, parametric statistical methods were used. That is, to determine the construct validity of the questionnaires, confirmatory factor analysis was used, and structural equation modeling was used to predict the contribution and role of the predictor variable on the criterion variable and the mediator variable. In this regard, SMART PLS and SPSS software were used. FindingsThe descriptive statistics of the present study showed that most people in the age group of 21 to 25 years and 26 to 30 (34 people in each category) were males (120 people) and have Bachelor's degrees (45 people). The results showed that technological capability has a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of sports stores, and the amount of this effect is equal to 0.28. Technology capability has also a positive and significant effect on the social innovation of sports stores and the amount of this effect is 0.48. Social innovation also has a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of the sports store and the amount of this effect is 0.27. Also, social innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between technology capabilities and the competitiveness of sports stores. That is, part or all of the effect of technological capabilities on the competitiveness of sports stores depends on the presence of the social innovation variable. ConclusionIn general, the main finding of the current research was that social innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between information technology capabilities and the competitiveness of sports stores. As a result of the capabilities of information technology and social innovation, it affects the competitiveness of sports stores in the Monirieh area of Tehran. Therefore, the sellers of sports stores in the Monirieh area of Tehran should effectively use information technology capabilities, new and updated websites, and new innovations in order to provide the products needed by consumers with the desired quality. In general, it is suggested that the sellers of sports stores introduce their quality and more diverse products through new technologies, including websites and virtual networks. Sports marketers should raise awareness about social innovation and plan to create social innovation activities. It is also suggested that sports stores use information and communication technology for activities related to the design of the store's products. AcknowledgmentsThis study is taken from the Master's thesis of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Sports Management, Shahrood University of Technology, under the title of the effect of information technology capabilities on the competitiveness of sports stores with the mediating role of social innovation.

The perpus of this research is evaluating the Integrity of Green Tax in the Presence of the Values of Thick Decision. In this research, in order to identify the components (consequences of glass ceiling) and research propositions (hegemonic of power acceptance), a combined analysis was performed with the participation of 15 accounting experts at the university level and In the quantitative part, the components and propositions identified in the form of matrix questionnaires were evaluated by 22 CEO in Capital Market. The results showed that the statement of social responsibility in decision making (B2); Reducing conflict of interest in decision-making (B5) and legitimacy in decision-making (B6) are the most influential philosophical themes in crowdfunding decision-making at the capital market level, which reinforces the consequence of reducing environmental pollution as a component of green tax sustainability. This result suggests that crowdfunding decision-making, which describes the pursuit of a significant level of pluralistic social values, reinforces the implications of green taxes for the future, as companies increase their social responsibilities by expanding their social responsibilities to strengthen productive infrastructure. Reduce themselves and, through the disclosure of voluntary information in the form of financial statements, enrich social confidence and trust through insight into congestion decisions.

In view of the spread of financial corruption in various spheres, auditors' whistleblowing has been pro-posed as a instrument to prevent and combat financial corruption in different countries, but so far in Iran there is no coherent model for this issue. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to design an auditor whistleblowing model based on the Grounded theory. For this purpose, in 2020, using snow-ball sampling method with 18 specialized faculty members, partners of auditing firms, managers of the auditing organization and Iranian Society Certified Public Accountants who have expertise and experi-ence in the auditing, In-depth interviews were conducted up to the suffusion stage. Research data were analyzed using coding method and the main categories and concepts were extracted. The results showed that the most important causal conditions that can be effective in auditors' whistleblowing are governance structure, governing laws, professional structure and characteristics of the auditing profession. Al-so, the research findings showed that in order to achieve the auditors' whistleblowing, strategies such as professional structure reform, oversight structure reform, infrastructure reform and the education quality and modernity (use of new technologies) should be adopted. Finally, the research model showed that auditors' whistleblowing can have consequences such as promoting profession, reducing financial corruption, increasing transparency and quality of reporting, economic system dynamic, agility the auditing profession structure, passing the auditors' protection law, IT entry and accountee and accountability.

The present study was designed and implemented to evaluate the effects of relative replacement of different levels of dehulled soybean meal (DHSM) instead of fish meal on growth performance of adult Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). In this study, a total of eighty 4-year-old Persian sturgeons (Acipenser persicus), with an average weight of 3850 g were fed with 8 isonitrogenetic and isolipidic diets for 52 weeks. Experimental diets include different percentages of dehulled soybean meal include 0, 10, 15, 20% without amino acid, 15 and 20% replacement with lysine and methionine, and 15 and 20% replacement with lysine and methionine and L-carnitine supplement (DHSM0, DHSM10, DHSM15, DHSM20, DHSM20+AA, DHSM15+AA, DHSM20+AA+L.car. DHSM15+ AA+L.car.). After 52 weeks, no significant difference was observed between weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), LX and PV in different treatments. The protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency (FE) in DHSM0 was significantly higher than that of DHSM20+AA and DHSM15+AA. Hepatosotic index of fish in DHSM0, DHSM10, DHSM15, DHSM20 + AA+L.car. DHSM30 + AA+L.car. was significantly higher than that in DHSM30 + AA. Gonadosomatic index exhibited alterations under the influence of the diet. Effect of diets containing dehulled soybean meal with L-carnitine supplement on the reproductive system of female fish was significant and positive. The somatic growth in female Persian sturgeon was higher than that of males. However, their gonadic growth and stages of sexual maturity were significantly lower than that in males. The highest sexual maturity index of male fish was observed in DHSM15 + AA+L.car diet, so that at the end of the rearing period, 75% of fish were in stage IV of sexual maturity and 25% in stage III-IV. Addition of L-carnitine and essential amino acid supplement such as lysine and methionine to the diet containing soybean meal displayed a positive effect on the growth and reproductive indicators in the functional diet of Persian sturgeon and probably can improve significantly the production of Persian sturgeon fry.

The present study was done with the aim of presenting a causal model of the religious beliefs performance and educational citizenship behaviours with regard to the mediating role of academic ethics. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all upper secondary girl students in khorramabad city to 9981 students, of which 240 were selected based on stratified random sampling method. To collect the required data from academic ethics hosseini nezad et al (2016), educational citizenship behaviours golparvar (2009) and religious beliefs performance golzarei (2002) was used. Data analysis was performed by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that religious beliefs performance has a direct effect on educational citizenship behaviours and an indirect effect on educational citizenship behaviours through academic ethics. In addition, academic ethics had a direct effect on educational citizenship behaviours. In order to obtain specific examples of ethics in educational environments, we need to follow religious beliefs, which can explain moral orders in a specific case with specific limits, conditions, and accessories.

Background & Aim: Anxiety and hemodynamic changes are common complications of surgeries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on overt anxiety and physiological parameters of patients undergoing tibia plaque surgery. Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial study, 96 eligible patients who were candidates for Tibia plaque surgery, referred to Imam Ali (AS) Teaching Hospital in Bojnourd in the spring of 2016, were selected by the convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of 48 people: experiment and control. For the experiment group, one hour before the operation, the foot reflexology massage was performed for 10 minutes. For the control group, the foot was touched for 2 minutes. Patients’ anxiety was measured using the Spielberger Manifest Anxiety Questionnaire before and one hour after the intervention, and patients’ physiological parameters were measured before and after the intervention and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. To compare and analyze the data, chi-square tests for qualitative variables and t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Repeated Measure ANOVA for quantitative variables were used on the SPSS software version 21. Results: This study showed that the average score of anxiety after the intervention was significantly different in both the control and experiment groups (P=0.038). Also, Foot reflexology massage significantly reduced systolic blood pressure after the intervention (P=0.039) and 4 hours after the surgery (P=0.007), and also reduced diastolic blood pressure immediately after the intervention (P=0.001). Heart rate decreased significantly at all measured times after the intervention (P

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a major side effect seen among cancer patients under chemotherapy. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are among the traditional antiemetic drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral consumption of ginger and cinnamon on CINV. Methods: This study was designed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The target population was cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in medical centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of treatment (Ginger and Cinnamon) and Control. The effect of cinnamon and ginger combination on CINV was measured using the INVR (The index of nausea, vomiting and retching) questionnaire. Using the American Clinical Oncology Guideline, nausea levels from chemotherapy drugs was classified into three categories: high, medium and low. Findings: Seventy-two patients in the control group and 65 patients in the treatment group (ginger and cinnamon) entered the final analysis. Comparisons made between the treatment and control groups was not statistically significant at first, but there was a statistically significant difference between the nausea score of the treatment group and the control group on days two and three as depicted by the standard questionnaire. Conclusion: The combination of ginger and cinnamon is effective in controlling nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Most of the effect of ginger and cinnamon combination in reducing nausea and vomiting occurred on the second and third day after chemotherapy.

Iran, with a mean precipitation of 230 mm per year, is classified as arid and semi-arid region in the world, facing a water crisis. Since, water resources with high quality for irrigation are limited, therefore the use of supplement irrigation as a method for reducing water consumption is essential in the future. Stevia is a plant with medicinal and anti-diabetic effects, native to the mountainous region of Amoeba, located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay, which is widely cultivated in Shiraz and Isfahan of Iran. The diterpene glycosides in this plant (the main cause of the very sweet taste in plant extracts) are up to 300 times sweeter than sugar used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. In present study, effect of Supplementary irrigation (without Supplementary irrigation, one Supplementary irrigation in flowering and tow Supplementary irrigation in flowering and seeding) were carried out on (Stevia Rebaudiana B.) during two-year period (2017-2018) in greenhouse and research farm. The results showed that supplementary irrigation to prevent reduced sugar yield in the greenhouse and research farm environment was about (18.7, 18.1) and (20.7 and 21.4) irrigation in the first and second year of cultivation, respectively. The result showed that plant tolerance to supplementary irrigation to non- supplement irrigation to avoid reducing sugar yield in greenhouse conditions were obtained as: (18.7 and 18.1), (20.7 and 21.4). According to those results, irrigation of stevia with two supplementary irrigations at the time of flowering and seeding was recommended to increase plant yield.

This research has made an effort to criticize the collection of Monshaat related to the 10th century AH written by Mirza Mohammad Sadegh Nazem Tabrizi (Sadegha-ye-Tabrizi) and to scrutinize the writer’s features, shortcomings, the importance of the manuscript, insight and method in a meaningful framework. The theme of the above version includes such concepts as royal decrees, court documents, an announcement of a victory, Monshaat and friendly correspondences from the Seljuk period to the early Safavid period that has not still been criticized and published and can in turn help to understand missing links in the political and social history of Iran and some of its neighbors. Relying on the manuscript of Tabrizi’s Monshaat and an analytical approach along with qualitative content analysis, this study indicates that the writer was influenced by the political atmosphere of the Safavid period in compiling and arranging the Monshaat. Since the Safavid’s ideal is explained to establish a national state on the basis of official religion and political boundaries, the writer has written documents that are linked to the geography which the Safavids sought to achieve in drawing their territorial model.

The aim of this research was to study the relationship of the communication challenges caused by coronavirus epidemic with loneliness and negative emotions along with the mediating role of forgiveness., The method was descriptive-corralative based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included Tehran citizens who had experienced the home quarantine. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula equal to 384 people, by Convenience sampling method. The questionnaires were completed voluntarily by online survey. Russell et al.'s loneliness, Watson et al.'s negative emotion, Holland et al.'s Forgiveness Scale and the researcher-made communication challenge questionnaire were used in order to gather data. The reliabilities of research tools based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient were confirmed. Findings showed that the mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship of communication challenges with negative emotions and loneliness was significant, but the mediating role of forgiveness in social communication could mitigate these negative consequences. Accordingly, it is suggested that the development of personality traits be emphasized in education and in families in order to mitigate the negative consequences of communication challenges caused by crises in today's turbulent world.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle in the relationship between meta-cognition beliefs and anxiety. The research method was correlation of the type SEM. The population of this study included all Undergraduate. 230 students participated in this study online and responded to corona disease anxiety scale, meta-cognations questionnaire-30, and health promoting lifestyle. The results of data analysis by SEM showed that the meta-cognition beliefs had a direct and positive effect on anxiety; but it did not have a direct effect on a lifestyle. Also, lifestyle had a negative effect on anxiety. Indirect results showed that a lifestyle could not mediate the relationship between meta-cognition beliefs and anxiety. In order to reduce anxiety in students, it is important for professionals to consider promoting personal and spiritual growth, positive and constructive communication with others, taking responsibility for health, as well as reducing destruction meta-cognition beliefs.

In this study, quantitative changes in groundwater in Bijar-Divandere plain with MODFLOW code in GMS software were investigated. Aquifer simulation was performed for a period of six years and a monthly step from October 2010 to June 2016. The SPI annual drought index was calculated for the statistical period of 1987-2015. The results of groundwater simulation showed that during the annual simulation period, there was a decrease of about 0.5 m water level in the aquifer, the intensity of which varied in different areas. Therefore, due to the decrease and taking into account the area and the average amount of storage capacity of the aquifer, the volume of the aquifer has been reduced by about 1.3 MCM per year. The results showed that if the current management process continues, over the next few years we will see a sharp decline in the aquifer and irreparable damage. The results of SPI index also indicated that the drought situation was close to normal, which means that drought has a much lesser effect on the groundwater level of the aquifer in different years.

Now days, the use of lean manufacturing techniques, as a constructive factor in sustainable supply chain planning, is emphasized not only to eliminate wastes, but also to create and improve customer value in the waste elimination process. This study aimed to provide a causal model between lean manufacturing tools affecting the supply chain sustainability in production cooperatives in East Azerbaijan Province. The statistical population of the study consisted of the managers of both industrial and agricultural production cooperatives in East Azerbaijan province, including 1573 mangers of cooperatives and 10 experts familiar with the research area. 301 mangers of cooperatives were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan's table. A questionnaire was used to collect the data that its validity and reliability have already been confirmed. In order to data analysis, exploratory factor analysis and DEMATEL techniques were used. According to the results, nine main components can be considered as lean manufacturing tools affecting supply chain sustainability. Furthermore, the results of the developed model showed that the causal relations in the research conceptual model were confirmed, and can be effective for the supply chain sustinability of production cooperatives, increase profitability, reduce environmental proplems, and provide better performance to employees, customers and society.

Abstract An important issue in the operation of the Gotvand reservoir is the presence of salt formation in this reservoir. The present study has sought to identify whether it is possible to modify the operation curve of the Gotvand Dam to reduce the destructive effects of the Anbal salt dome and increase the operation of this reservoir. To achieve this goal, the performance of the Gotvand Dam reservoir was modeled from the time it was used (from August 2011 to March 2017), as well as the behavior of active salt karstic activity inside the reservoir with the dynamic system tools. The results showed that during the simulation period, the average amount of corrosion of the salt dome in contact with the reservoir water was 20.1 cm per day. Besides, 43.72 million tons of salt has been accumulated in the reservoir. Analysis of the results showed that 39% of the reservoir salinity is due to the dissolution of the salt formation. The rest of the salinity enters the reservoir with the upstream runoff. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, changes in water level in the reservoir is the most important factor determining the salinity distribution parameters in the reservoir and the best remaining solution to reduce the effects of the salt dome inside the Gotvand Reservoir is to implement the curve of the optimal use of the reservoir for water released through the Gotvand Dam and the upstream basin of this dam. Keywords: Reservoir Operation, Quality management, Water withdrawal from different layers of the reservoir, Vensim. Introduction Most of the karst areas in Iran are in the Zagros Mountains, which is one of the rainy areas and due to the favorable weather conditions, large karst areas have been formed in these mountains. The Gotvand Dam is one of the embankment dams with clay core, which was built in the Zagros zone, folded with evaporative rocks. The outcrops of Gachsaran Formation in Gotvand dam reservoir, which is located five to nine km upstream of the dam axis and on the left bank of the river, have a large volume of thick and soluble salt strata with many cavities and caves and its surface is in direct contact with groundwater, surface water and dam lake water. Assessment of environmental effects resulting from the construction of Gotvand Dam has shown that the construction and operation of the Gotvand Dam have caused salt drainage into the water, increased salinity of groundwater in the region, dissolution of soluble substances, production of toxic substances and increased pollution of organic matter. The present study sought an answer to the question of whether it is possible to optimize the operation of the Gotvand Dam by modifying the command curve to reduce the destructive effects of salt karst. Materials & Method In this research, simulation of water quality conditions and interaction of dynamic phenomena in the reservoir and how to dissolve the active salt karst in it was done according to the curve of the reservoir operation by the dynamic system method and using Vesim software, in the first 68 months of the reservoir operation period. On the other hand, considering the changes in the volume of reservoir water due to different inlet flow rates upstream and also changes in water velocity in the reservoir, the behavior of the model was compared with the reality using the collected field information of the Gotvand reservoir. As the quality of reservoir water is affected by the type, location and how to operate the reservoir water, a solution to increase the optimal operation of the Gotvand Dam was presented. Discussion of Results & Conclusions As the results show, 43.72 million tons of salt were accumulated in the reservoir during the simulation period. The karst dissolution coefficient was also observed to change from 35.46 to 599.86 kg/s. Besides, the average rate of the salt karst corrosion in the reservoir water was 22.1 cm/day, while the mean discharge rate of the salt (Qsalt) flowing into the dam was calculated to be 3923.94 m3/day. In addition, the best level of water release from the lower gates of the dam to obtain quality water from the reservoir, instead of releasing water from the lower gate level, was estimated to be 147 m.Based on our research findings, the parameters of salt dissolution coefficient and flow rate of water entering the dam reservoir were the most important factors affecting the behavior of salinity distribution in the reservoir. Through the quality management and flexible operation of the dam reservoir and by changing the command curve of the Gotvand dam reservoir (in the form of releasing water from the different levels of the reservoir), the operation rate of the dam reservoir increase by 57% on average, compared to the typical case of releasing water from the lower gate valves level). The results showed that larger variations in the reservoir’s water surface level in a short period of time further increased the salt concentration due to in the increase in the hydraulic gradient of the reservoir, water circulation in karstic pores and cavities, and hence the dissolution of the salt karst. Accordingly, a quite linear relationship exists between the water surface level in the reservoir and the hydraulic gradient. It should be noted that in a real reservoir, in addition to surficial dissolution, other factors such as water penetration into cavities, regional fractures, and slip of salt layers into the reservoir are involved in the introduction of salt into the reservoir water, which are not considered in simulation models. Therefore, the actual value of the salt dissolution coefficient is greater than the dissolution coefficient of the simulation model. However, the main source of salt entering the reservoir is the surficial dissolution due to the contact of the salt layers with the volume of the reservoir formation, which has been observed to occur slowly, continuously and dynamically. Finally, from the SD model results analysis of the Gotvand Dam, it can be understood that as the volume of the reservoir water increases, a greater amount of salt karst is dissolved. In brief, by controlling the amount of water flowing into the Gotvand Dam’s reservoir via controlling the amount of water flowing out of the Dez Dam, which is situated on the upstream side of the Gotvand Dam, and by controlling the amount of water flowing out of the Gotvand Dam’s reservoir, and to put it differently, by implementing the optimum rule curves for the Gotvand and Dez dams, the salinity of the water flowing out of the Gotvand Dam’s reservoir can be considerably reduced.

Introduction: Due to the job sensitivity of medical sciences and its direct relationship with public health, the consequences of increasing the length of study of students will affect the society and the health system. Considering the importance of the length of study of PhD students and the lack of information about the reasons for its increase, this study was performed to identify the related factors. Methods: There was a descriptive- correlational study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. A total of 118 faculty members participated in completing the questionnaires. 37 employees and 71 students also completed the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics with SPSS 24 software as well as quantitative content analysis. Result: Factors related to the dissertation, especially the time-consuming publication of the defense condition article, had the greatest impact on increasing the length of study for PhD students. In quantitative content analysis, the most effective factors for students were dissertation-related factors and for faculty members and employees were personal issues. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to modify the grant process. Deduct the length of the course while the student is waiting for the article to be published. Allocate research projects that have been paused for an additional semester, excluding the academic year. Also, a plan should be developed to increase financial support for students during their studies.

This paper presents an approach that uses both genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), for feature selection for descriptor in a quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) classification and prediction problem. Unlike the traditional techniques that employed GA, the FIS is used to evaluate an individual population in the GA process. So, the fitness function is introduced and defined by the error rate of the GA and FIS combination. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested using a data set with experimental value anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) molecules. The statistical parameters q2 (leave many out) is equal 0.59 and r (coefficient of correlation) is equal 0.98. These results reveal the capacity for achieving subset of descriptors, with high predictive capacity as well as the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.

Background and Objectives The goal of industrial coexistence is accessing cheaper resources, avoiding disposal costs or making extra profit from selling by-products. As far as the environment is concerned, its benefits include less consumption of natural resources, less wastage disposal, and less diffusion of gases resulting from raw material production, polluting the air, soil and water. Considering the theoretical and experimental gap in the field of using industrial coexistence networks, the purpose of this study was to develop a a model of incentives for creating and implementing industrial coexistence networks in the country's pharmaceutical companies.Material and Methods This research was applied-developmental. The statistical population of this research consisted of all pharmaceutical companies in the country. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, we picked 165 companies as our the statistical sample, whose managers were given the questionnaires used in this research study. A researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the participants after its validity and reliability were confirmed. Structural-interpretive modeling and path-structural modeling were used in order to analyze the data. Results Generally, ten main components were found effective to be considered in using industrial coexistence networks in country's pharmaceutical companies. Also, the results of structural-interpretive modeling method revealed that infrastructure and technological readiness as well as the government’s policies are two effective variables among the main components. Conclusion Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the two important measures to take for creating industrial coexistence in the country's pharmaceutical companies include strengthening the required infrastructure and technologies and adopting appropriate policies for the implementation and enforcement of industrial coexistence networks in pharmaceutical companies. Developing industrial coexistence among companies is a complicated and dynamic process and has been extensively worked on recently to facilitate this trend through coexistence network. Industrial coexistence increases resource productivity through producing more output of raw materials. With regard to the environment, its benefits include less consumption of natural resources, less wastage disposal and less diffusion of gases which result from raw material production, polluting the air, soil and water. Taking into account the theoretical and experimental gap in the field of using industrial coexistence networks, the purpose of this study was to develop a model of incentives for creating and applying industrial coexistence networks in Iranian pharmaceutical companies. Material and Methods This research was applied in term of purpose and descriptive with respect to research method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all Iranian pharmaceutical companies. In the first part of the research, initially, our statistical sample comprised three groups of experts: a) those who were familiar with the subject of research, b) thosewho were at least production managers of a certain company, and c) professors who had written or translated books or papers about industrial coexistence. Then, ten experts were selected from these three groups. In the second part, the statistical sample consisted of 165 pharmaceutical companies. Sampling was conducted on a random basis. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. In the first one, following ISM method (structural-interpretive method), the incentives of creating industrial coexistence networks and applying them were used and paired comparisons of the stimuli of creating industrial coexistence networks and applying them were conducted for the purpose of rating and developing the pattern of imprinting. The second questionnaire was developed by the present researchers to test the appropriateness of the pattern of stimuli for creating and applying industrial coexistence networks developed in the previous stage. The validity of the questionnaire was established through mean variance, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach alpha coefficient. Additionally, the compositional reliability was calculated for each component separately. To analyze the data of research, the structural-interpretive modeling was used to provide a pattern for the incentives of creating and applying industrial coexistence networks in the studied population. Also, path-structural modeling was used to test the developed pattern. Results The findings of structural-interpretive modeling showed that preparing infrastructure is the main and the most effective factor in creating and applying industrial coexistence networks which is unfortunately placed as the last level. So, to create industrial coexistence networks and to apply them in Iranian pharmaceutical companies, the first step is preparing the required infrastructures. At the 7th level, two factors were placed: government policies for creating the initial motivation of industrial coexistence and education for the execution of industrial coexistence. Athough they are not as effective as preparing infrastructures for creating industrial coexistence networks and applying them, they are, nevertheless, considered important. The primary reason is because government policies for creating the initial motivation of industrial coexistence are not usually affected by other factors, but education can be directly affected by infrastructure preparation. The 6th level included constitutional support for the coalition, coordination and proper relations and being aware of the concepts of industrial coexistence. These two factors are affected by government policies and education directly and also affect knowledge exchange cooperation at the 5th level directly. The 4th level included budget allocation for promoting industrial coexistence which is affected by government policies and at the same time, affects directly the confidence among the participants of industrial coexistence at the 3rd level who have to be assured that budget allocation is fair. The 2nd level included sharing information among the participants of industrial coexistence and willingness to cooperate. This is affected directly by the confidence among the participants of industrial coexistence and their willingness to cooperate, which in turn affects top management support at the same time. The most effective part of the pattern is management support. At the 2nd part, the developed pattern was tested. The relationship between the structures and references were studied and verified based on loads factor. Also, the coefficients path and their significance showed that the acquired relations for the developed pattern is verified.ConclusionAccording to the findings of this research, the first steps of developing industrial coexistence for Iranian pharmaceutical companies were found to be reinforcing infrastructures and technologies, and adopting proper politics for executing and implementing industrial coexistence networks in pharmaceutical companies. The companies used as our research sample might be able to increase the productivity of resources through producing more output using the same amount of raw materials. Environmentally, its advantages are as follows: the consumption of natural resources is reduced, wastage is disposed, and the emission of polluted gases resulting from raw material storage is reduced. So, the managers and policy makers of the industrial sector in the field of pharmaceutics are advised to attend to this matter seriously, taking into account the limitation of resources and environmental pollutions; they should also support studies seriously to create such networks. Practical Implications of Research The nature of industrial coexistence is based on the development of functional relationships between industrial activities. Thus, industrial coexistence is a type of network that consists mainly of private companies. Networks may be considered as a special type of inter-organizational relationship. Inter-organizational relationships "are relatively stable transactions, flows, and communications that occur between an organization and one or more other organizations in its environment." Inter-organizational relationships are considered as an alternative to the market or organizational hierarchy. They can significantly add value to companies by combining resources and sharing knowledge (two central aspects of the network). The goal of industrial coexistence is to access the benefits of this cooperation in various dimensions. Companies benefit economically by accessing cheaper resources, avoiding disposal costs or making extra profit from selling by-products. In general, industrial coexistence increases resource productivity by producing more output from the same amount of raw materials. From an environmental point of view, reducing the consumption of natural resources, disposing of waste and emitting polluted gases into air, water and soil are among the benefits of industrial coexistence. Accordingly, in view of limited resources on the one hand and environmental pollution and on the other hand it is suggested managers and policy makers of the industrial sector in the field of pharmacy pay due attention to this point and and develop a plan to create these networks. Ethical Considerations The authors state that research ethics have been observed in this research. The respondents voluntarily participated in this study. The data were also honestly reviewed and analyzed. This article is extracted from the doctoral dissertation with the confirmation code 102482971033181162314244 and the research code 162314244 taken from Vice Chancellor of Research of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Conflict of Interest The authors hereby declare that this work is the result of an independent study and has no conflict of interest with other organizations and individuals. Aknowledgment The authors of the article consider it necessary to express their appreciation and gratitude to the participants for their cooperation in responding to the research questionnaires.

The purpose of this article is to develop a model of manufacturing flexibility in the food industry. The present research is a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method. In qualitative research, the Grounded theory method is a tool for building a conceptual model of manufacturing flexibility. The statistical sample of this section includes 20 experts familiar with the subject of manufacturing flexibility. The sampling method in the qualitative section is the Snowball Sampling method. The method of data collection in this part of the interview is semi-structured. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part is a three-step process of open, axial and selective coding. The results of this section show the model of manufacturing flexibility paradigm. The data collection tool in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire based on sub-categories and concepts obtained from the qualitative stage. The method of data analysis in this section is confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical sample in this section is 201 managers of food industry companies in East Azerbaijan province. The results show that environmental dynamics, increasing competitiveness and access to new markets are among the reasons for the need for manufacturing flexibility, in which automation and timely production are considered as industry strategies to achieve manufacturing flexibility; These factors have a direct effect on increasing organizational performance and customer satisfaction as a consequence of flexibility. The results also show that intervenors such as managerial factors, financial capability, etc. can influence strategies.

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Goals and Aspirations inventory. In this applied study, a psychometric design was used and the statistical population consisted of students of Allameh Tabatabaei University during the academic year 2011–2012. Among the students of Allameh Tabatabai University, 250 people (115 girls, 135 boys) were selected through an available sampling method and answered the Aspirations Index (AI) and the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). Validity and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Lisrel-8.8 software. The results of the first-order exploratory analysis confirmed the structure of the operational decade of goals and aspirations with 41 items in the Iranian youth population. In the second-order exploratory factor analysis, all ten subcomponents were classified into three indices: external, internal, and self-transcending aspirations. The results of the first and second level confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the model and also the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 for the components and was 0.90 for the intrinsic aspirations index, 0.90 for the external aspirations index, and 0.82 for the self-transcendence index. Therefore, researchers and educators can be suggested to use this questionnaire in research related to assigning goals and aspirations and, if necessary, use this instrument to provide a basis for reviewing adolescents' life goals.

Accurate estimation of dam lake evaporation is of great importance in reservoir water management. This factor has led to the installation of meteorological stations in most dams. At the meteorological station, the rate of evaporation from the lake surface is measured using an evaporation pan. Remote sensing methods are cost effective and can be generalized to the whole area. In this study, the daily evaporation rate from the surface of Suleiman Shah Lake was calculated using a combination of SEBAL algorithm and meteorological data and using five Landsat 8 satellite images. The obtained results were compared with the evaporation rate obtained from different methods. The results showed that among the combined methods, Penman Kimberly 1996 method, among other methods, Blanche-Kridel method had the highest agreement and Hafner method had the least agreement with the measured data indicated with R2, RMSE and MAE equal to 0.96, 2.78 and 5.66, respectively. The results of this study can be used to estimate evaporation in other regions with similar climates.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous Ibuprofen Apotel analgesia in comparison with intravenous Morphine alone regimen in patients undergoing lubmar disc surgery. Methods: This study was a double-blind clinical trial that was performed on patients with moderate to severe lumbar disc pain (VAS score or Visual analog scale more than 4) in August 2019 at Shohada Tajrish hospital. Patients in the Ibuprofen-Apotel group (group A) recieved intravenous Ibuprofen (800 mg) in 100 cc Normal saline in the first 30 minutes of Recovery, then 400 mg in 100 cc Normal saline every 6 hours (48 hours after surgery), plus 30 mg Apotel for each kilogram in100 cc Normal saline in 15 minutes every 8 hours. In group B, Morphine has injected with 70 µg/kg bolus and then 20µg/kg/h infused with a PCA pump with a Maximum Rate of 1mg/hr. Then 60 minutes after surgery, patientschr('39') pain was measured using an analog scale. The primary outcome was defined as a reduction in pain intensity of 3 or more VAS units (which was considered as therapeutic success) and the incidence of side effects was considered as secondary outcomes. Results: Based on the results of this study, the mean age of the subjects was 33.28±12.48 years. Also, the mean age in the group of Ibuprofen-Apotel and Morphine alone were 35.4±13.6 and 31.16±11.75 years. So, there is not a significant difference between the groups. 77.14% of the subjects (54 people) were male and 22.86% (16 people) were women. In comparing the frequency distribution of individuals in terms of gender and the method of creating analgesia, no significant difference was observed between the groups studied. According to the results, after the intervention, the highest pain intensity in both groups was significantly decreased. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The study indicated that Ibuprofen can be effective in controlling postoperative pain.

Introduction:ntroduction: This basic theory study is a qualitative study of the phenomenon of prostitution and the prevalence of illegitimate relationships and sexual promiscuity in society that has led to the phenomenon of "collapse" and examines the causal conditions, intervening conditions, contexts, strategies and strategy consequences. Used, pays. Methods:Initially, using a semi-structured interview technique, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women who were imprisoned in the central court of Tehran for illicit relationships, prostitution or setting up brothels, through purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. done. After the tenth interview, conceptual saturation was achieved. To be sure, the interview continued until the tenth person. The data are categorized using the Strauss-Corbin paradigm model and then plotted. Findings:The results showed that illegitimate relationships, sexual perversion, inclination towards bad friends, naivety and material hardships are among the causes of women committing prostitution. Divorce of parents, deep childhood injuries, poverty and inappropriate family environment are among the intervening factors of this social crime, which leads to strategies such as avoidance of school, benevolence, perversion for survival, trying to compensate and imitate the deviation.

Reading is one of the most valuable skills of the human being. This complex behavior is composed of several distinct and separable subskills. Furthermore, different theories of reading methods have been proposed and each language has a different paradigm depending on its writing system. Apparently, the most common method among these is the one-to-one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme. However, this method has some drawbacks. According to Ahri and Snowling (2004), if the sequential decoding strategy is slow and inefficient it overloads the memory leading to inaccurate pronunciation and lack of associative meaning. As a result of repeated exposure to printed words, children's knowledge of spelling patterns is expanded to facilitate its retrieval of meaning. To clarify the role of decoding in reading and reading disability, a simple model of reading is proposed. According to the Simple View (Gough & Tunmer, 1986), reading ability can result from the combination of decoding and comprehension. In this view, reading comprehension is conceptualized as the product of two interrelated -but relatively independent- cognitive processes, that are, decoding (or word recognition) and listening comprehension (or language comprehension). Both of them are necessary cognitive components, and neither alone is sufficient for successful reading comprehension. In addition to word recognition problems, many reading-disabled individuals were found to have impaired reading comprehension. Although the central role of phonological deficits in word recognition difficulties has been widely demonstrated, the role of language abilities in the reading profile of dyslexic individuals has not been fully captured. Dyslexia, also known as specific reading disability, has been defined as one of several distinct learning disabilities that reading performance is markedly below what is expected in normally achieving readers (Siegel, 1992). In some studies, the existence of lexical problems in dyslexic children has been investigated. It has been shown that the level of lexical and semantic ability of children affects their reading comprehension. For example, some have explained that the breadth and depth of children's lexical knowledge affect their ability to recognize words. Additionally, there is evidence that has consistently established a strong association between language competence and reading abilities. In particular, oral vocabulary (measured with an oral receptive/expressive measure or a word definition measure) and semantic skills (measured with a synonym judgment task) were found to be concurrent and longitudinal predictors of word recognition and reading comprehension. Further contribution of oral vocabulary and semantic skills on reading comprehension in these studies provide clear support for the position that reading comprehension involves language comprehension beyond word recognition. Likewise, there are several studies about effective factors in reading. Some believe that vocabulary and syntactic ability play an important role in children's reading ability. There is also evidence that language skills such as syntactic complexity and lexical skills in 2 and 3-years old children are important predictors of their reading accuracy and comprehension in the future. Most of the research about the factors that affect reading has been in English. Hence, because of the different clarity in the orthography of different languages (from transparent to opaque languages), it is necessary to investigate these children in different languages. The present study aims to convey the relationship between reading skills and syntactic and lexical abilities in dyslexic and normal Persian-speaking children. For conducting this research, after issuing necessary licenses, primary school children with dyslexia were identified by referring to learning disorder schools in Tehran. After evaluating and diagnosing the dyslexic children by a psychologist and a speech therapist, 16 dyslexic students were selected. The Syntax Comprehension Test, Grammar Expression Test, vocabulary subtest of TOLD 3:P, and the reading test were then performed in different sessions. The results of the tests were recorded and the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. According to the results of the present study, there is a significant difference in reading skills and syntactic and lexical abilities between dyslexic and normal Persian-speaking children. The results show that there is no significant correlation between reading skills and syntactic abilities. However, regarding lexical abilities in the dyslexic group, there is a significant correlation between the picture vocabulary and speed and accuracy of reading, between relational vocabulary and speed of reading, and also between oral vocabulary and reading accuracy and text comprehension (p

The purpose of this study is to design supply chains' upstream structure evaluation model in the automotive industry with spectral clustering based on the theory of complex adaptive systems. In this research, a method for evaluating the intersectionalities related to the structural complexity (horizontal, vertical, and spatial) of supply chains by considering the functional characteristics of its components based on the resilience paradigm is presented. In this regard, a set of algebraic calculations and computational algorithms have been adapted to evaluate the structural design from the perspective of complex components. In the structural design evaluation model through spectral clustering, it is possible to enter information about supply chains in terms of interactions between components in the form of a network as a comprehensive model called similarity graph. According to the field findings, supply chain characteristics in terms of complexity can have interaction with component processing performance. This means that according to the concept of entanglement, the lack of a favorable environmental structure in supply chains can also negatively affect the resilience performance of its components. Findings from the perspective of achieving a supply chain evaluation model as an integrated whole have provided a suitable practical tool for evaluation and pathology of supply chains from the perspective of risk management.

Background and Aim: Anal fissure is one of the common anorectal disorders that there are various therapies for it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Nitroglycerin plus Diltiazem vs either topical Diltiazem and Bethanechol alone in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Materials and Methods: The present randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on 90 patients with chronic anal fissure referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, from March 2016 to February 2017, That randomly were divided into three equal groups (n = 30): A: combination therapy (1% Nitroglycerin plus 5% Diltiazem gel), B: Diltiazem (5% Diltiazem gel) and C: Bethanechol (0.1% Bethanechol gel). The drugs were administered topically three times daily for 8 weeks. After 4 and 8 weeks’ administration wound condition, pain and bleeding were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.19 software with Chi-square test. At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference in mean age, sex, fissure location, hemorrhoids, bleeding, and pain between the three groups (P> 0.05). Four weeks after treatment, there was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of Wound healing (P = 0.41), pain (P = 0.10), and bleeding (P = 0.07). After 8 weeks, there was a significant difference for pain in the treatment groups (P = 0.04), so that in the diltiazem group, the pain was significantly decreased in comparison to Betanchenol and There was no significant difference between the three groups in the case of Wound healing (P = 0.10) and bleeding (P = 0.69). Topical use of diltiazem is a more appropriate option for the treatment of chronic fissure than the other two drugs.

The aim of this study was to compare motivation, metacognitive ability and adjustment of mathematical emotion in normal and anxious students.the research project was casual -Comparative and Statistical Society was 524 Fifth Grade Girls of Lahijan Normal Schools in 2018-2019 which after screening 142 students were equally divided in two groups. The main instruments of this study were Hanin et al.'s (2017) children's emotion regulation scale, Corter's mathematical motivation (2005), Philipo and Panora mathematical metacognitive (2007), and cognetive instruments Chiu's and Henry's children's mathematical anxiety (1990), Tabrizi Mathematical Disorder Scale (2015) and Raven's test (1938). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, MANOVA statistical methods and independent T-test. The results showed, the group with anxiety scored lower in all three variable) p < 0/05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the motivation component in metacognition and help- seeking and maintain attention and concentration in the emotion regulation scale. Due to the importance of cognitive and motivational variables

The professional service providers’ specialized knowledge and skill versus the service customers’ unfamiliarity with the process of service providing cause difficulties for the injured party in proving the main elements of the contractual and non-contractual liability. As a result, sometimes wasting the injured parties’ rights and improper imposition of damages is unavoidable. For this reason, different legal systems such as French Law and Common Law try to eliminate the complaints’ inequality by considering special basis for the professional’s civil liability. This article seeks to explain the professional’s contractual and non-contractual liability’s main elements and pillars from the prospective of its effect on the injured party’s rights. A comparative study of French Law and Common Law and assuming the civil liability's basis for the professional service providers in Iranian legal system shows that in many cases, the injured party is exempt from proving the harmful act and the casual relationship or it is easily possible for him to prove it.