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Introduction: Pray and mention as two separate methods are spiritual care. This study was designed to compare two methods of prayer and mentioning on life expectancy in patient hospitalization in CCU Ward Social Security Golestan Hospitals in 1393. Method: The following experimental study was performed on 90 patient hospitalization in Khatam Al Anbia Hospital which were divided into prayer groups (n=30), mentioning (n=30) and control group (n=30). Intervention was performed in Prayer and mentioning group in 4 days and 2nd a day in 15 min, then the three groups were compared to each other. The questionnaire was Synder Life Expectancy Scale. Results were analyzed statistically by SPSS16. Results: Results after the test, showed life expectancy in prayer) were (34/2 ± 35/37) and mentioned group (15/2 ± 3/3). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between three groups, the greatest life expectancy was found in the mentioning group (P=0/001). Tukey test's showed the difference between praying with the control group was (P=0/039) and the controls (P=0/00) showed. Conclusion: It seems that the spiritual experience along with other therapies would be effective and according to the guidelines it might be defined in the treatment of religious and spiritual care.

Background and objective: Along with with aging problems among nations and depression as the most common mental disorder in the elderly has been growing and becoming aglobal problem of human life as a central concern in the health of the elderly. The purpose of this study to determine the impact of exercises on depression among older people. Method: In this experimental study, 48 elderly people attending day centers for the elderly were randomly selected divided into test and control groups. This study design was based on Solomon proposals. Groups had 4 weeks of regular exercises during the 16 sessions of 15- 25 minutes and control group had routine activities performed in the center. Both groups completed questionnaires assessing demographic information and depression using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (two-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results: Controlling for the impact of pre-test results of two-way ANOVA revealed significant difference between intervention and control groups in depression scores (p‹0.001) of seniors exercise program. Conclusion: This study showed regular exercise is effective in reducing depression among the elderly. Thus it is expected that regular exercises be used as a complementary effective measure with other current treatments and low complications as a non-drug treatment of depression.

Foreign direct investment is one of the most important sources of capital for countries. Knowledge and technology enter the host country through foreign direct investment and lead to increased competition, optimal resource allocation, increased labor skills, increased productivity, and ultimately increased employment and economic growth of the host country. On the other hand, structural economic vulnerability through the creation of economic and political instability, macroeconomic imbalances, exchange rate instability and inflation, leads to a lack of foreign direct investment in the host country. Therefore, if a country has stable macroeconomic policies, foreign investors will be attracted to that country and will be willing to invest in it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of structural economic vulnerability on the attraction of foreign direct investment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the period 2005-2018, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results show that in accordance with the theoretical expectations of the research, the index of structural economic vulnerability has a negative and significant effect on attracting foreign direct investment. Iran experiences high structural economic vulnerability in recent years due to its dependence on oil revenues and numerous international sanctions. Among other research results, the variables of logarithm of GDP, political stability index and property rights index have positive and significant effects on the inflow of foreign direct investment.

In this research coated palladium nanoparticles was synthesized on modified GO by thymbraspicata extract with simple and green procedure and used as adequate and renewable nanocatalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions between phenylboronic acid and different aryl halides. The Pd NPs/RGO Nanocatalyst was synthesized by surface modification of GO and in-Situ reduction. The extract of Thymbraspicata was used as a reducing and immobilizing agent for Pd nanoparticles. The results show that Pd(0) nanoparticles are completely dispersed on the GO functionalized surface. Pd NPs/RGO nanocatalyst as a recoverable nanocatalyst shows high catalytic activity in Suzuki coupling reaction. In addition, the synthesized catalyst can be reused several times without significant altering its catalytic activity.

LED light spectrums are the proper light source for plant research in the International Space Station and the life support system. In the present study, effects of different light spectrums on some growth parameters, and antioxidant activity were investigated in Anthemis gilanica. Seedlings irrigated with 1/2 Hougland solution under different light spectrums including white, red-blue and deep red. Seedlings were harvested for physiological and biochemical analyzes after 4 weeks. Results showed the fresh and dry weight, relative water content and root length increased under the red-blue light spectrum comparing to other spectrums. Hydrogen peroxide level didn't significantly change under different light spectrums. Seedlings treated with white spectrum showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity. Also, seedlings treated with deep red spectrum showed the maximum shoot length. It seems that decrease of growth under white spectrum is related to transfer carbon and energy sources for antioxidant compound biosynthesis.

In this study, the prosodic pattern of Ezafe construction has been investigated under the framework of prosodic phonology. Prosodic phonology is a framework which evinces that a purely phonological constituent structure lies between syntax and phrasal phonetics (Pierrehumbert & Beckman, 1988). While this phonological constituent structure is independent of the syntactic constituency, it is related to it by a module of the syntactic-prosodic constituency. Syntactic-prosodic constituency requires that the morpho-syntactic categories ought to be matched to phonological categories, regarding ALIGNMENT constraint which requires syntactic categories to be edge-aligned (right or left) with the head of phonological constituents (Selkirk, 2011). In this framework, heads are marked by their prominence by which it means that the most prominent element in a prosodic constituent is the phonological head of that constituent (Truckenbrodt, 1995). Those edge-aligned constituents make a hierarchical order in a strict manner with respect to each other, the strict layer hypothesis, in which a purely formal phonological mechanism specifies how constituents of the different prosodic levels form a prosodic hierarchy. In Persian, Kahnemuyipour (2003) investigated the prosodic structure of phonological constituents within the prosodic phonology framework. He proposed that within the phonological words, the right-most syllable, and within the phonological phrases, the left-most phonological word, and within the intonational phrases the right-most phonological phrase, and within the utterances, the left-most intonational phrase is merit of receiving the prominence and therefore should be regarded as the head of their phonological constituents. Since the Ezafe construction is a unique linguistic phenomenon which can only be found in Persian, a great deal of dispute in previous studies can be found about the prosodic structure of this construction. While a number of researchers like Eslami (2005), Bijankhan and Abolhasanizadeh (2011) and Mahjani (2003) only investigated the phonetic realization of Ezafe construction within the autosegmental-metrical phonology framework, within the prosodic phonology framework, Kahnemuyipour (2003) based on Ghomeshi (1996) takes the nouns and adjectives in an Ezafe construction, to be non-projecting base-generated X0 elements, and therefore, proposed that the entire Ezafe construction is mapped into a single phonological word. Although Kahnemuyipour’s proposal was remarkably novel; he did not implement any laboratorial experiment to supporting his claim, but his own intuition furthermore, considering the whole Ezafe construction as a single complex word is not intertwined with Persian speaker’s intuition. With this regard in this research, a laboratorial experiment is manipulated in order to figure out the prosodic level of the entire Ezafe construction within the prosodic phonology framework. In so doing, we arranged an articulatory experiment included three sentences which differed due to their Ezafe construction’s length (from two to four words per each Ezafe construction) and we asked six men and six women of native Persian speaker to read aloud those sentences twice. 1) / nazar-e dɑvar hame ra ʃeɡeftzade kard / 2) / bɑvar-e barɑdar-e ʔɑzar besijar aʤib-o ɢarib bud / 3) / xabar-e xɑb-e bad-e bahɑr dar hameje ʃahr piʧid / We recorded their voices in a soundproof booth in the University of Tehran within the PRAAT environment and then after we extract the fundamental frequency of each stress bearing syllable within Ezafe construction. Since we assume that each [+N] element in Ezafe construction with its adjoined Ezafe vowel construct a clitic group which is itself an allatone of phonological phrase (Hekmati, 2016); now we want to find the place of Ezafe construction in the hierarchy of prosodic structure as a whole. The most probable option for the whole Ezafe construction would be an intonational phrase, because theoretically when we combine a number of phonological phrases we would expect to generate the next upper level of the prosodic hierarchy, intonational phrase. The phonetic counterpart of the intonational phrase is final lowering in which the fundamental frequency of the final stress bearing syllable is significantly lower than its previous counterparts (Pierrehumbert & Beckman, 1988). Comparing the fundamental frequency amount of the final stress bearing syllable of Ezafe construction with its non-final counterparts reveals that the fundamental frequency of the final stress bearing syllable of Ezafe construction is significantly lower than its counterparts (p

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Introduction: The extended use of nanoparticles has increased and public concern about possible adverse health effects of exposure to this substance is growing. This study was conducted to assess the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of MgO nanoparticles on human blood mononuclear cells. Methods: In this laboratory trial study, suspensions of blood mononuclear cells were prepared from 10 young healthy men and then were incubated with different concentrations of the nanoparticles (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 µg/ml) at 37 °c, and finally the percent of dead cells were measured by MTT assay after 6 and 24 hours of incubation. Positive and negative controls were also applied. Results: According to the results, the minimum and maximum death rate for 1 and 1500 µg/ml after 6 hours exposure was 30.9% and 44.7%, whereas for 24 hrs. Incubation was 26.5% and 64.4%, respectively. A significant difference was found in percent of dead cells in 1000 µg/ml. The highest toxicity of nanoparticles was found after 24 hrs. from 500 µg/ml and afterward. Significant difference was also found between the exposed cells and control group (p

Background: Appendicovesical fistula in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis is a rare condition. Although this situation is so rare it should be considered in the differential diagnosis, dealing with a patient with cystic fibrosis and chronic abdominal pain with no response to primary management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of appendicovesical fistula in a patient with cystic fibrosis. Case presentation: In this paper, we are reporting a bladder lesion of a nine-year-old Iranian girl, a known case of cystic fibrosis, who was referred to pediatric urology clinic, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The girl is a known case of cystic fibrosis on regular follow-up who had chronic abdominal pain for about one year. While primary management had been failed for her, further workups were done by her pediatric pulmonologist. In her pelvic sonography, the radiologist reported a bladder lesion so she was referred to our clinic. Cystoscopy was done for her, but transurethral biopsy/resection was impossible according to the lesion location. The non-papillary nature of the lesion raised our concern about the possibility of genital rhabdomyosarcoma with bladder invasion. So, an Abdominopelvic CT scan and a pelvic MRI were also done for her. Intact uterus and vagina with an enhancing lesion at the dome of the bladder with some degree of inflammation/attachment around the adjacent GI tract were detected on her images. The urachal inflammatory/tumoral process could not be ruled out. So open surgical exploration was planned. During the attempt for surgical exploration and partial cystectomy, at the Children’s Medical Center in December 2021, we found that the mass, is actually her appendix which has invaded the urinary bladder, and presented as a bladder lesion. Conclusion: Abdominal pain is a relatively common complaint of patients with cystic fibrosis. Every caregiver or physician should consider rare conditions, dealing with a cystic fibrosis patient whose abdominal pain does not respond to common management.

The aim of present study was to investigate the correspondence of Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) dimensions with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. The resaerch method was a discriptive and correlatinal study. To this end 261 students from Tabriz University were selected by random cluster sampling and completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used to analyze data. Results revealed that all dimensions and total score of vulnerable narcissism were correlated significantly with five pathological personality traits; but dimensions and total score of grandiose narcissism were mostly correlated with antagonism and psychoticism significantly. Regression analysis of vulnerable narcissism showed that four pathological personality trait, including negative affect, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism were significant predictor of total score of vulnerable narcissism, and with regard to dimension of vulnerable narcissism the same four aforementioned dimensions were predictor of contingent self-esteem; detachment and psychoticism were significant predictor of hiding the self; psychoticism was significant predictor of devaluing; and all pathological traits were significant predictor of entitlement rage. With respect to grandiose narcissism regression analysis revealed that antagonism and psychoticism were significant predictor of grandiose narcissism total score; and with respect to its dimensions, antagonism was significant predictor of exploitativeness; and psychoticism was significant predictor of Self-Sacrificing Self-Enhancement, and also significant predictor of grandiose fantasy. It can be concluded that DSM-5 AMPD relatively corresponds with grandiose and not with vulnerable narcissism.

Background and Aim: Although evaluation has been considered as an inseparable part of education, evaluating higher education curriculum in most of the university programs has not been adequately investigated. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the quality of general English language course curriculum and English language learning based on Tyler’s Model from the students’ perspective at Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive – analytic. The participants were students having General English course at Birjand University 180 students were randomly selected based of Medical Sciences. A total of on Krejcie and Morgan table. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire including 28 items. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in medical and English language education and the reliability was estimated as 82% based on Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (one sample T-test). Results: The results indicated that the experimental mean score was higher than the theoretical one, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two means in three aspects of ‘content’, ‘teaching methods’, and ‘evaluation’ in general English course. Also, the experimental mean in the aspect of ‘course goals’ was less than the theoretical mean and there was a significant difference between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the goals of general English language course should be reevaluated so it can satisfy the students’ needs.

Natural resources have an important role in economic development. But aboundance of natural resources have negative effect on Good Governance Indicators. In this study, we have investigated the effect of oil revenues on good governance indicators in 54 oil Exporting countries. The time period of study is 2002 to 2013. For this purpose an econometric panel method and cross-section data has been used. The results indicate that oil resource revenues have significant negative impact on six good governance indicators introduced by the World Bank: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption. Furthermore the variation of openness index, GDP, business freedom index and investment freedom index had a significant positive impact on good governance indicators.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the public health priorities. Consumption of oral contraceptives increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and it still remains a concern. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure on pill contraceptive low-dose levels on homocysteine and nitric oxide. methods: In this cohort ( retrospective+ prospective) study, 100 women with normal menstrual cycle aged betwen 20-35 years old refered to health care centers of Yazd, Iran in 2015. This study was conducted through face to face interviews by the researcher who asked for demographic and anthropometric characteristics. Anthropometic indices was measured and the levels of homosysteine and nitric oxide was determined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi- square test and ANOVA by SPSS 21. Results: The mean and standard deviation of homocysteine levels in the exposed group acompared to non-exposed group were (3/848±2/357 μmol/L) and (3/284±1/616 μmol/L) as well as the mean and standard deviation of nitric oxide in the exposed group were (p-value=0/41) and (181/360±90/44μM) and in the non-exposed group were (162/654±90/913 μM) and (p-value=0/29) , respectively.According to these results, there was not found any statistical significant difference among these results. Conclusion: Taking low dose oral contraceptives in healthy women did not change any differences in homocysteine and nitric oxide levels as a modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: Oystermush rooms contain a wide enzymatic system to catalyze lignocellu lose and naturally live in organs of plants that are protein-rich. Agricultural and industrial wastes contain organic cellulosic materials such as cereal straw, sawdust and leaves that are suitable substrate for growth of oyster mushrooms. Previous studies have shown that dietary supplements increase growth indices of oyster mushrooms. Materials and Methods: Spawn of Florida oyster mushrooms wereprovided experimentally on grains of wheat. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Agricultural College of Mehr Shar, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Iran in 2011. Two factors were considered in this study substrate (A) and dietary supplements(B). Sugarcane bag asse (A1) and wheat straw (A2) were shed into polyethylene bags after they were pasteurized by boiling vapor and spawning was conducted according to wet weight of straw bags which was 4 kg. Supplements of Nitrogen werecottonseed powder, 2%soya flour, and urea0.5% that were added to substrate according to dry weight of substrate (1334 gr). Mushrooms were transferred to the laboratory after cropping in order to measure dry and wet weight. They were packed and dried in the oven during 24-72 hours at 60-70ºC. In order to estimate the biological efficiency, the produced crop was divided by weight consumed substrate that was multiplied by 100. A completely randomized factorial statistical experiment according to completely randomized design with 16 treatments and three replications was conducted. MSTAT soft ware was used for statistical analysis and the Dunkan test was used for comparing mean data with probability of 5%.Finally figures were drown using Excel. Results and Discussion: In wheat straw substrate mushrooms were produced with high biological efficiency and yield, because compared to sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw needs a shorter period for fermentation, contains more nutrients, catalyzed faster than sugarcane bagasse soit provided mycelium with the nutrient amount of biological efficiency that increased byadding dietary supplements there for ethe yield was higher than control. Temperature of substrate increased by combining urea, cotton seed powder and soya flour nitrogen supplements, and that large amount of nitrogen were released into the environment and high temperature substrate. So expansion of mycelium decreased and mushrooms with low biological efficiency and low yield were produced. The highest biological efficiency (23.03 %) and the highest yield (4/921 gr) were obtained through wheat straw that fed by cotton seed powder + soya flour (A2B6).The lowest biological efficiency (10.48 %) and the lowest yield (419 gr) were from control treatment (A1). Frequency of nitrogen in cotton seed powder is one of the most important reasons of increasing biological efficiency and yield. Another efficiency biologic factor was used in cultivation of fungi was C/N ratio, since nitrogen is a necessary factor for the activity of ligninoletic enzyme that is produced by basidiomycets. Cultivated fungi on wheat straw were wetter than mushrooms cultivated on sugarcane bagasse, because wheat straw has 10-15%water and sugarcane bagasse has 9% moisture. Wheat straw with cotton seed + powder soya flour (A2B6) and control treatment (A1) had the highest moisture (92.26%). Byaddition of dietary supplements in the surface of enriched substrate, fruit body density had increased in control, so mushrooms were less exposed to the air flow, but the combination of nitrogen supplements, the arrival of more nitrogen andsubstrate heat increased and that the mushrooms had less humid. In wheat straw substrate more number of body fruits was obtained in comparison with sugarcane bagasse substrate..418 numbers of body fruits obtained from wheat straw by cotton seed powder + soya flour (A2B6) and 163 mushrooms were obtained from control treatment (A1). Absorbable chemical compounds in the medium were used faster and the number of mushrooms in wheat straw substrate with cotton seed powder and soya flour (A2B6) increased while combination of supplements and heat due to entrance of nitrogen caused death of mycelium and decreasing number of mushrooms. The results analysis of variance, substrate effect and mean compare supplement effect was significant at 1% on biological efficiency. Yield, moisture, number of body fruit, mean interaction effect of substrate and supplement was significant at 0.05on biological efficiency, yield and moisture but mean interaction effect of substrate and supplement on the number of body fruit was significant at 1%. Conclusion: Medium has a deep impact on growth indices of Florida oyster mushrooms in such a way that obtained mushrooms from rich mediums had higher growth indices than control. The impact of dietary supplements on growth indices is different and by adding an appropriate amount of dietary supplements to medium increases growth indices.

Introduction: The aim of this research is to examine the stickiness of operational costs and the cost price of sold product and some probable effective factors (such as assets, debts, free cash flow and Gross Domestic Product) on the stickiness of operational costs in the pharmaceutical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Method: The research is applied in terms of purpose, and it has been conducted through Critical Incident Technique by the use of past information. In order to test the presented hypotheses, Time Series Analysis has been used. The statistical sample and population of the research involve 24 pharmaceutical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2014 which have been active in the Pharmaceutical Industry. The applied statistical method in this research is multiple linear regression.In order to analyze the data, Excel Software Version 13 and Eviews Version 8 have been used. Results: The findings of the research indicate that the operational costs have sticky behavior in relation to sale income changes, but no evidence was found for the stickiness of the cost price of the sold product. Also, the results state a meaningful relationship between the rate of stickiness of operational costs and free cash flow in such a way that in the firms with higher free cash flow, stickiness of costs are higher. Additionally, the results suggest a direct and meaningful relationship between the rate of stickiness of operational costs and Gross Domestic Production, but the effectiveness of the assets and debts on the stickiness of the operational costs did not validate. Conclusion: In the case of predicting an increase in the future sale or in the economic growth periods, for a proper use of opportunities, and also because the achievement and further preparation of resources are in needs of time and double cost, managers protect the resources in the firm in order to gain a higher privilege by sale return to the previous level of sale which will lead to the stickiness of operational costs.

In this paper we survey the main determinants of CO2 emission in the Iranian provinces. For this purpose first we provide per capita Co2 emission as a criterion of Environmental pollution and energy intensity in 28 provinces of Iran within 2003-2007, then the impact of population, urbanization, energy intensity and per capita income on the environmental degradation are investigated by panel data model. The results revealed that population; urbanization, energy intensity, and per capita income have positive and significant effect on co2 emission in the Iranian provinces.

Background: Major clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in the central nervous system are generally arterial thrombotic events and a number of non-thrombotic neurologic syndromes. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are one of the important risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). The aim of present study was to assess the relationship between APA titers and CVA in this clinically important age group.Methods: This case-control study was carried out on patients under 50 years old who had CVA (stroke or transient ischemic attack) in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (central Iran) from Dec 2003 until March 2005. In this study, 61 patients with CVA were compared with 68 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Lupus anticoagulant assay results and APA titers were assessed in both groups.Results: The mean value of IgM APA titers in patients with cerebrovascular accidents was 6.492 MPL (IgM antiphospholipid units) and 1.846 MPL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p-value: 0.000). In 12 (20%) of the patients with cerebrovascular accidents, IgM titers were higher than 10 MPL, one of whom had an IgM titer higher than 40 MPL. The mean value of IgG titers in the case group was 5.50 GPL (IgG antiphospholipid units) and 3.51 GPL in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p-value: 0.012). Thirteen (21%) patients with cerebrovascular accidents had IgG titers higher than 10 GPL. The difference between the LA assay results was not significant between the two groups (p-value: 0.311).Conclusion: The present study showed a positive relationship between APL (IgM and IgG) titers and CVA in patients under 50 years old.