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Background & Aim: Cultural competence is one of the main components of health care. Attention to cultural competence is essential to reduce healthcare inequalities and identify potential for improving healthcare delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate cultural competence and its related factors in health care providers working in comprehensive health centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 250 health care providers working in health centers affiliated with TUMS were selected using the convenience sampling method in 2020. The demographic characteristics form and the cultural competence scale for health workers (CCSN) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test and ANOVA) through the SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean total score of cultural competence in health care providers was 162.66±28.41 (range: 33-231). According to the findings, the mean score of cultural competence for all dimensions was desirable. The mean score of cultural competence had a statistically significant relationship with intra-ethnic marriage (P>0.005) and work experience (P=0.012) while no statistically significant difference was observed with other demographic variables. Conclusion: The study results showed that cultural competence in health care providers was at the desirable level. These results may be useful for managers and planners in the development and management of human resources and quality assurance of health services delivery.

Introduction and purpose: Emotional intelligence has a crucial role in organizational performance, especially in the health domains facing high levels of emotions and challenges. Given that emotional intelligence is a skill based on competency that can be learned, it provides training in specific competencies causing the expansion and improvement of quality performance. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the quality of service delivery of health care providers. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in regions supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2019. A total of 500 individuals (including 250 health care providers and 250 clients of the health centers) were selected using random cluster sampling. Two valid questionnaires were used for data gathering, namely Schering’s Emotional Intelligence and SERVQUAL. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation and regression analyses in SPSS software (version 21). Results: The results of the present study showed a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of services (r=0.45; P=0.001). The dimensions determined the relationships respectively between self-awareness with responsiveness, assurance, reliability, empathy, and tangibles. Regression results also showed that 20% of the changes in the service quality variable based on the emotional intelligence of health care providers can be explained. Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that the interactive effect of age and experience on emotional intelligence was significant (P

Background and Aim: Tax evasion is one of the important financial issues that are affected by various factors. It seems that the extent to which taxpayers consider tax evasion as a moral issue has an effect on tax compliance. But this issue has not yet been agreed upon by experts. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of ethical understanding of tax evasion on tax compliance of health service providers in medical sciences universities in Tehran. Methods: This study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research was the medical staff (medicine, paramedicine, dentistry and pharmacy) working in the universities of medical sciences in Tehran. 383 people were selected as the research sample based on Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was Kaliberg et al.'s (2008) and Waltin and Bettman's (2011) questionnaire, whose validity was calculated and confirmed by the face and content method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method. The obtained results were analyzed using the structural equation model and Smart PLS software version number 2. Ethical Considerations: In this study, the objectives of the research were explained to the participants and the confidentiality of the data was emphasized. The participants were free to answer the questionnaire. Results: The results showed that morally imagining tax evasion has a negative and significant effect on the tax compliance of health service providers (p<0.05, r=-0.524) Meanwhile, the dimensions of idealism, tax knowledge on Tax compliance has a positive effect, religiosity and education level have no effect on tax compliance and relativism has a negative and significant effect on medical staff tax compliance. Conclusion: The findings of this research help the tax policy makers to pay more attention to the ethical aspects of tax compliance and think of measures to prevent tax evasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Role of School Health Nurses’ Health Literacy in their Quality of Life in Health-Promoting Schools Hosseinkhani Nooshin1, Talebi Behnam2* 1. MSc in Educational Management, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran *Corresponding Author: Behnam Talebi Address: Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran Highway, Tabriz Tel: 009841-33302693 Email: btalebi1972@gmail.com Abstract: Background & Objectives: School Health Nurses in health-promoting schools have a decisive role in the effectiveness of these schools in promoting studentschr('39') health. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy of health care providers in their quality of life in health-promoting schools of Tabriz education districts. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical one conducted in 175 health-promoting schools in Tabriz in 2019. A total of 120 school health nurses in health-promoting schools of five education districts were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Health Literacy Questionnaire of Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research and the World Health Organizationchr('39')s Quality of Life Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data through Smart PLS software. Results: The results showed that quality of life with all its dimensions including physical health, emotional health, environmental health and social health are predictable based on all dimensions of health literacy. Conclusion: Improving the health literacy of school health nurses through specialized training courses, conferences, scientific competitions and field visits to successful schools around the world can improve the quality of their lives. Key­words: Health Literacy, Quality of Life, Health Dimensions, Quality of Life Dimensions, Health Care Providers, Health-Promoting Schools Citation: Hosseinkhani N, Talebi B. The Role of School Health Nurses’ Health Literacy in their Quality of Life in Health-Promoting Schools. Journal of Health Based Research 2020; 5(4): 369-82. [In Persian]

Background and Objectives: The attitude of health care providers towards the elderly has an important effect on the quality of service delivery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of health staff in Gorgan towards the elderly. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 395 health care providers in Gorgan in 2019 were selected by census sampling method and completed a questionnaire on demographic information and attitudes towards the elderly. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: 73 participants (18.5%) had a good attitude towards the elderly, 319 (80.8%) had a moderate attitude, and 3 (0.8%) had a weak attitude. There was a statistically significant relationship between the overall score of attitude towards the elderly and job background (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a moderate attitude towards the elderly in most of the participants. Designing and implementing more interventions is necessary to promote a positive attitude towards the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Electronic health record is electronic data of “entire life of a person” registered by healthcare providers and shared in different health centers. The electronic health record has been announced to all medical universities of the country since 2015 by launching the Integrated Health System (SIB). This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of urban family physicians and health care providers in Fars and Mazandaran provinces from SIB. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2016 on urban family physicians and health care providers who were selected by systematic random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 2 parts: demographic variables with 8 open and closed questions and satisfaction with 8 closed questions on Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Results: The total number of 464 participants included 236 (50.9%) physicians and 228 (49.1%) health care providers. From these, 273(58.8%) were employed in Fars province and 191(41.2%) in Mazandaran province. The majority of participants (65.5%) were women. mean score of satisfaction of SIB (from 5 points) in general was 2.94±0.8, and it was 2.89±0.8 in the Fars and 3.03±0.7 in the Mazandaran provinces. Mean score of satisfaction was 2.75±0.7 in urban family physicians and 3.04±0.8 in health care providers. Satisfaction level showed significant difference based on participants' type of occupation (P=0.0001) and province (P=0.122). Conclusion: The results showed that the satisfaction of employees was lower than the average level. It is recommended to redesign the structure of SIB more consistent with the needs of employees and with a user-oriented approach.

Objective(s): To evaluate of knowledge and attitudes towards use of emergency contraceptions among health care providers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a cross- sectional study of 216 healthcare personnel. Data were collected via a questioner. Results: The results indicated that there was association between gender, education, of knowledge (P=0.001), while association was not found between demographic variables and attitudes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that health care providers need more education about the use of emergency contraceptions.