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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the 10 most common malignant tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) genes as biomarkers for diagnosis of OSCC. Methods: In this study, 30 patients and 30 healthy individuals were selected. CK19 and VEGF were measured in peripheral blood using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. T-test was performed to analyze the data. Findings: In patients with OSCC, CK19 and VEGF markers were positive in 17 and 23 patients out of 30. Conclusion: The expression of VEGF and CK19 is more among the patients with OSCC, compared to healthy people. In summary, the result of this study can be considered as a diagnostic screening test in the early stages of the disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The skin squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. The correlation between severe tissue eosinophilia with optimal and undesirable prognosis, or even an ineffectiveness effect was related. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between tissue eosinophilia and prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 33 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pathology department of Shahid Beheshti hospital of University of Babol University of Medical Sciences (age, sex, tumor site) were collected and histopathologic in the vascular and nervous invasions was studied. Numbers of eosinophils (eos.) were counted in 15 successive fields at invasive fronts of HNCSCCs (area of 15 fields=1.2mm2) at×400 magnification with optical microscope. The correlation between the mean number of eosinophils per Mm² and the severity of eosinophilia (mild and severe) and clinical-histopathologic factors was analyzed. FINDINGS: Mean eos/mm2 was 99.1913±104.39897. Overall survival rate, disease-specific survival rate and disease-free survival rate were %72.72, %61.53% and %84.84, respectively. There was inverse significant correlation between disease-free survival with eos/mm2 (p=0.043). There were no significant correlation between other clinical-histopathologic factors with mean eos/ mm2.There were inverse significant correlations between 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate with severity of tissue eosinophilia (p=0.02 and 0.013 respectively).There were not significant correlations between 5-year disease-specific survival and other factors with severity of tissue eosinophilia. CONCLUSION: There was inverse correlation between severity of tissue eosinophilia with survival.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the malignancy of squamous cells (the epidermal layer of skin) in cavities in head and neck includes: larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and oral cavity. The main goal of this research was to understand the effect of mutations in two important genes (KRAS and BRAF) in RAS/MAP kinase (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study performed from October 2015 to September 2016 on 40 patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, all confirmed by pathology department of Imam Khomeini hospital. Tumor samples were achieved from the surgical cancer department of Imam Khomeini hospital and stored in liquid nitrogen until starting tests. The tests done in genetic laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Techniques we used in this research, were DNA extraction based on phenol-chloroform approach, Multiplex PCR (M-PCR) to amplify mentioned exons and KRAS/BRAF strip assays to detect mutations in mutated hotspots in exon 2 of KRAS and codon V600E in BRAF gene. Results: In this study, we observed 7 mutations in codons 12 and 13 exon 2 in KRAS gene (about 17.5%) and 4 mutations in codon V600E in BRAF gene (about 10%) of obtained tumor samples. The hotspot mutation in codon 12 were Asp (10%) and Ser (5%) respectively. In BRAF, the most common mutation, as we expected according to other researches, was observed in codon V600E. We also observed that 29 people of these patients were male (about 72.5%) and 11 patients were female (about 27.5%). Moreover, 28 patients were over 50 years, while 7 patients were below the age of 50. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mutations in genes KRAS and BRAF especially in studied hotspots, and the effects on their molecules in EGFR signaling pathway are important in involving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as other cancers. These findings may be considered in choosing drugs for targeted chemotherapy.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the malignancy of squamous cells (the epidermal layer of skin) in cavities in head and neck includes: larynx, pharynx, paranasal sinuses and oral cavity. The main goal of this research was to understand the effect of mutations in two important genes (KRAS and BRAF) in RAS/MAP kinase (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study performed from October 2015 to September 2016 on 40 patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, all confirmed by pathology department of Imam Khomeini hospital. Tumor samples were achieved from the surgical cancer department of Imam Khomeini hospital and stored in liquid nitrogen until starting tests. The tests done in genetic laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Techniques we used in this research, were DNA extraction based on phenol-chloroform approach, Multiplex PCR (M-PCR) to amplify mentioned exons and KRAS/BRAF strip assays to detect mutations in mutated hotspots in exon 2 of KRAS and codon V600E in BRAF gene. Results: In this study, we observed 7 mutations in codons 12 and 13 exon 2 in KRAS gene (about 17.5%) and 4 mutations in codon V600E in BRAF gene (about 10%) of obtained tumor samples. The hotspot mutation in codon 12 were Asp (10%) and Ser (5%) respectively. In BRAF, the most common mutation, as we expected according to other researches, was observed in codon V600E. We also observed that 29 people of these patients were male (about 72.5%) and 11 patients were female (about 27.5%). Moreover, 28 patients were over 50 years, while 7 patients were below the age of 50. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mutations in genes KRAS and BRAF especially in studied hotspots, and the effects on their molecules in EGFR signaling pathway are important in involving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as other cancers. These findings may be considered in choosing drugs for targeted chemotherapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 90% of all malignant oral tumors, and is often diagnosed in advanced stages. In this study, changes in the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA (CEA mRNA) in peripheral blood of patients with oral cancer were investigated. Methods: In this study, 30 patients and 30 healthy people were selected. The miR-155 and CEA mRNA levels in their peripheral blood were measured and evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) technique. Findings: Positive miR-155 marker was observed in 21 people from 30 with oral cancer, and 7 of 30 healthy subjects. The CEA mRNA marker was positive in 23 of the 30 patients, and 5 out of 30 healthy subjects. Conclusion: In sum, the outcome of this study can be seen as a screening diagnostic test for early detection of the disease in the early stages.