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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and including pre-test-post-test designs with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included fourth grade male students and their mothers who had referred to psychology clinics in Tehran District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned community, 50 children with oppositional defiant disorder who met the inclusion criteria were selected and 45 of them were assigned to three groups of 15 according to Morgan table by purposive sampling method. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 12 90-minute sessions in which children were taught social skills in one of the experimental groups. In the other experimental group, mothers of children received behavioral parenting training and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to assess the participants, DSM 5 criteria were used to diagnose oppositional defiant disorder and the (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) Emotion Regulation Checklist and (Achenbach's, 1991) Child Behavior Checklist. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and pairwise comparison were used by Sidak test. The results showed that both methods were effective for emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms (P0.05).

The Holy Quran, as a representation of profound grandeur and magnificence, is not only remarkable and miraculous in its content and essence, but also in its linguistic mechanisms and structural elements. The spaces between verses illustrate some of the most effective and captivating methods that, apart from the musical structure and rhythmic melody, establish harmony and coherence in communicating the message and substance of the verses. The organization of the final letters of verses (Al-Rawi letters) in forming connections and harmonies with the internal aspects of a verse sometimes adopts a disruptive and dissimilar structural shape. Examining and analyzing the variations in the final letters of verses becomes crucial from a sound perception standpoint. This research methodology emphasizes the aesthetic and semantic beauty that aims to affirm the textual beauty based on the endings of verses. Initially, the lexical and terminological meaning of the term "gap" and the explanation of the types of converging harmonies in pronunciation are discussed in Arabic. Subsequently, the primary focus is on the dissimilar and alternative aspects at the end of verses, with the presentation of examples and evidence of various types, indications, and semantic functions of sounds. The findings suggest that the realm of dissimilarity of converging end letters in the gaps has been accompanied by similar indications in a manner where they have presented the same indication by breaking down into details but have emerged in a dissimilar expressive style. In essence, changes in the surface structure, viewed from the perspective of converging end letters, are evident in similar indications, but the addressing style shifts from direct to absent or different assertion. Consequently, the gap in the Quran not only enhances the musicality of the verses but instigates changes that deviate some combinations, indications, and expressive styles from the norm. Hence, through varied linguistic structures, the connection, coherence, and systematic nature of the lines of Quranic chapters are interlinked.

Introduction: Fetal birth weight, as one of the most important indicators for evaluating the health of newborns, is influenced by various factors such as maternal diabetes. Fetal weight estimating is necessary for planning the type and time of delivery. The present study was performed with aim to compare the estimated fetal weight before birth with the actual weight of the baby after birth in diabetic mothers.Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was done from April 2022 to April 2023 on 71 diabetic mothers in the obstetrics and gynecology department of Imam Reza and Qaem hospitals in Mashhad. All the characteristics of the mother were recorded in the researcher-made checklist. The fetal weight before termination of pregnancy was estimated by ultrasound and also by Johnson's clinical formula, and then the actual weight of the baby was measured after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). To compare the fetal estimated weight with the actual weight after birth, Pearson's test was used to evaluate the type of correlation (p

Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown causes. Despite of developed countries, the incidence of this disease is increasing in Middle Eastern countries. The many challenges related to the etiology of this disease make it necessary to have a comprehensive study to investigate the underlying causes and achieve a better treatment; therefore, the present study was conducted with aim to investigate the underlying causes of granulomatous mastitis.Methods: In this systematic review study, in order to find related articles, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched with suitable keywords including granulomatous mastitis, risk factors, and mastitis. The search was done in English language and continued from March 2021 to June 2022. The screening process of articles was done at the title, abstract and content levels, respectively. The required information of the articles with inclusion criteria was extracted and entered into the SPSS software, and finally the results were interpreted according to the general conditions of the study.Results: A total of 71 articles with a total sample size of 4735 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 34.98 ± 8.46 years. In terms of race, 3749 (79.17%) of these patients were Caucasian. Also, 3251 (91.47%) of the patients mentioned a history of pregnancy and 2721 (83.67%) a history of breastfeeding. The history of taking contraceptive pills (22.79%), smoking (13.88%), trauma (5.7%) and high prolactin tests (19.7%) were also measured.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Caucasian race, history of pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the use of contraceptive hormones are the most factors related to this disease.

Introduction: Hearing impairment is a type of children's sensory disorder that cause problems in the daily life of children and parents. This research aimed to determine the effect of sensory-motor training on fine motor skills and the psychological well-being of children with hearing impairment.Methods: This applied research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included children with a hearing impairment from the elementary exceptional student education center in Ardabil City. To participate in this research, the hearing threshold of each student was measured using an audiometer. By using the convenience sampling method, 20 samples were selected and assigned to two control (N=10) and experimental (N=10) groups. The measurement tools included Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS) for fine motor skills and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for psychological well-being assessment. No training was given to the groups before the intervention. The experimental group performed 45-minute sessions of sensory-motor integration training for eight weeks and six days a week, by imitating the coach's movements and trying to coordinate with the group at the same time. The control group participated in daily activities. The analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA) test was used for statistical analysis.Results: sensory-motor integration training had a significant effect on improving children's fine motor skills and well-being and cause improvement in the levels of both factors.Conclusion: Participating in sensory-motor training can be of great help in reducing motor and psychological problems of children with hearing impairment.

Introduction: Growth is an uninterrupted, permanent, and continuous process and includes different dimensions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rhythmic rebounding exercises on children's motor proficiency and motivation with a 6-month follow-up period.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design. The statistical population was 9-10 years old children of Tabriz city, from which 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The pre-test included the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency and the Children's Movement Motivation questionnaire. The experimental group performed the exercises on the rebounder for eight weeks, and the control group did not receive any intervention.Then, the post-test was conducted similarly to the pre-test. After six months period,a retention test was taken from participants of both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed model Analysis of Variance at a significance level of 0.05 via SPSS version 24 software.Results: The results showed that the rhythmic rebounding exercises had a significant effect on the motor proficiency and motivation of 9-10 years old children so 95% of changes in gross motor skill and 98% of changes in children's movement motivation were probably influenced by the rebounding exercises.Conclusion: Jumping is a fundamental activity in children's motor development and motivation provides inner force for movement. According to the findings of this research, since rhythmic activities can create motivation for movement and sports activities develop motor skills, it is crucial to provide the necessary equipment and measures for children to use these exercises.

Purpose: Indigenous medicine is of the most important fields of indigenous knowledge which is at risk of destruction despite its high application and the high desire of indigenous people to use it. Therefore, the current research aims to provide a model for the knowledge management of indigenous medicine.Methods: The research is of an applied type, which was carried out with a combined exploratory approach. In the qualitative part, the statistical population of the research was experts familiar with the indigenous knowledge of the Makran region. The research sample was selected using the purposive sampling method. Qualitative data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the quantitative part was a combination of experts in the field of indigenous medicine and professors and students of medicine faculty, including the traditional medicine faculty. The research sample was selected using stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. For the analysis of quantitative data, SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method by AMOS software was used.Findings: By analyzing the qualitative data, 64 primary codes were identified for the components of the indigenous medicine knowledge management model, which were categorized into 14 subcategories and 5 main categories. Fitting the initial research model with the SEM method showed that the knowledge management model of indigenous medicine in Makran region has a good fit. Accordingly, 5 dimensions of knowledge production, knowledge acquisition, knowledge development and sharing, knowledge transfer, and knowledge recording were presentedas the dimensions of the indigenous medicine knowledge management model of the Makran region.Conclusions: Considering the extremely high capacity of Makran region in indigenous medicine knowledge, the present research has provided more efficient management by providing a model for its management. In addition, the current research can be a basis for conducting further research and developing theoretical knowledge in this field, especially in the knowledge and information science field.

Background and Aim: People use different coping strategies to face stressful situations, affecting students' academic performance. It seems that self-regulation of knowledge, human agency, and thinking styles affect the choice of coping style. The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of the effect of human agency and self-regulation of knowledge on the choice of coping styles with academic stress, considering the mediating role of thinking style. Methods: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and based on the nature and method of data collection, descriptive-correlation type, structural equation analysis type. The statistical population included all male students of the second secondary level of theoretical branches in Kashan city in the academic year of 2014-2016, and 497 students were selected as the study sample through random sampling. Students responded to Cote's (1997) multifaceted agentive personality questionnaire, SRKS-U knowledge self-regulation questionnaire, Andler-Parker's coping styles questionnaire, and Sternberg-Wagner's (1992) thinking styles. In order to analyze the research data and to test the hypotheses, the correlation coefficient and the structural equation method were used using SPSS.26 and LISREL 8.8 statistical software. Results: The results of the present study showed that the variable of agency and self-regulation of knowledge directly and positively influenced the variable of problem-oriented coping style with the mediation of thinking styles. The variable of agency and self-regulation of knowledge directly and negatively affected the variable of emotion-oriented coping style with the mediation of thinking styles. The variable of agency and self-regulation of knowledge directly and negatively affected the variable of avoidant coping style with the mediation of thinking styles. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results of educational workshops, adaptive strategies to deal with stress are suggested for students in schools.

Background: Today, sexual health and providing the context for its realization has become a discourse and a sustainable goal in development, which has been pushed to the center of attention of politicians, experts, and researchers due to the problems arising from the unfavorable global conditions in this field. Aims: This research aimed to identify and stratify psychological, cultural, and social factors on sexual health based on the interpretive structural equation model. Methods: This research was carried out in a descriptive survey, in the first part, the dimensions and components related to stable sexual health were calculated and in the second part, the evaluation and leveling of these components were done. In the content analysis section, the society and the research environment are all first-hand and second-hand sources, including books, articles, specialized sites, upstream documents, pamphlets, and publications, which were of interest to the researcher to study the factors of sexual health development. In the stratification section, the statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of studies related to sexual health education, sex education, education, and family psychology, and 16 people were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the content analysis section was the content analysis worksheets of the first and second sources in line with the research objectives and their classification. In the stratification section, in order to determine the cause and effect of the extracted factors and their stratification, a questionnaire was created by the researcher. Which was designed based on the ISM model, was used, and in order to analyze the data, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to provide a model of sustainable sexual health development factors. Results: The results showed the recognition of sexual rights, respect for sexual rights, education of cultural and social values in this field, respect for cultural differences under the title of cultural and social factors; Teaching the expression of sexual tendencies in childhood, teaching issues related to the growth and needs of adolescents, raising awareness of sexual development in adolescence, strengthening sexual identity, building self-confidence, and teaching healthy reproductive issues under the heading of psychological factors were prioritized. Conclusion: Achieving sexual health requires continuous education since childhood, which should be done sustainably, and it is necessary to achieve this kind of health education and empowerment of children in the psychological, cultural, and social fields

Background and Objective: Exercise training and Zataria multiflora have a positive effect on health and can modulate cardiovascular risk factors. Adipose tissue-derived factors such as ANGPTL8 and adhesive molecules play an important role in exerting the pathological effects of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance-endurance exercise training combined with Zataria multiflora ingestion on the levels of ANGPTL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in sedentary overweight and obese men. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 40 sedentary overweight and obese men (with an average body mass index of 28.41±1.75 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four groups with 10 subjects each. The groups included placebo, Zataria multiflora, training, and training + Zataria multiflora. The exercise training was combined training consisting of resistance-endurance exercise, conducted three times per week over eight weeks. Zataria multiflora supplement consumption was set at 500 mg daily. Blood sampling was conducted before and after the eight-week intervention, and the levels of ANGPTL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured using the ELISA method. Results: A significant decrease in serum levels of ANGPTL8 was observed in the training and training + Zataria multiflora groups compared to the placebo and Zataria multiflora groups (P

Background: If blood donors are infected with toxoplasmosis, they often have no obvious clinical symptoms due to a healthy immune system, but the Toxoplasma is still present in their white blood cells. Blood recipients are also often people with various anemia or defective immune systems. Therefore, receiving such blood will increase the risk of infection and acute form of toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in blood donors presenting to Bushehr Blood Transfusion Organization. Method and Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 243 blood donors presenting to Bushehr Blood Transfusion Organization from May 2020 to May 2021 were examined for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA method. The results along with the questionnaire information were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square test. Results: In this study, 76 (31.3%) and 10 (4.1%) blood donors were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. In five cases, both IgG and IgM antibodies were positive. The results revealed no statistically significant relationship between infection with toxoplasma and some of the variables such as permanent residence, age, history of cat ownership, history consuming unpasteurized milk and vegetable cleaning method. Conclusion: Considering the relatively significant prevalence of toxoplasmosis among blood donors in Bushehr and given the fact that toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening risk factor in immune-compromised blood recipients, it is recommended that health planners add the toxoplasmosis diagnosis tests to the list of essential screening tests for blood donors.

Background: The measurement of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) as a clinical biomarker has become a potent diagnostic value for identifying patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of MR-proANP in heart failure in comparison with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Methods: This prospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluated two biomarkers in consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute dyspnea. Blood samples were collected immediately from the participants. A diagnostic value of MR-proANP versus BNP for the diagnosis of acute heart failure was analyzed. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography to classify the diagnosis as dyspnea due to heart failure or due to other causes. Patients without a subsequent diagnosis of heart failure were compared as the controls. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results: Overall, 100 patients with heart failure and 85 controls were included in the study. The plasma levels of BNP and MR-proANP were significantly higher in the heart failure patients than in the control patients (p

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most important malignancies in women which has a unique progression due to premalignant lesions. The present study was performed with aim to evaluate the expression of NQO1 protein in patients with premalignant cervical lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix and its comparison with non-dysplastic tissues. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with cervical SCC and different degrees of dysplasia and non-dysplastic tissue during 2018 to 2020 were selected as the control group from the pathology ward of Mashhad Ghaem Hospital to assess NQO1 expression by immunohistochemistry with mouse monoclonal antibody against human NQO1. Demographic data, clinicopathologic features, and survival data were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22) and Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, Tukey post-hoc test and log rank test. P

Background and Aim: diabetes is one of the chronic medical diseases with the greatest dependence on the psychological state of the affected people; In the treatments used for diabetic patients, it is often neglected to address the psychological problems of this group, especially people; Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing based on acceptance and commitment on increasing the treatment adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The current study is a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test type with random sampling method, which was carried out on 30 patients with type 2 diabetes, members of Tehran Diabetes Research Institute, who were eligible to participate in the study, in 2018.. The data were collected by using the chronic disease treatment compliance questionnaire that was designed and psychometrically evaluated in Madanlo's thesis in 2012 and by interviewing and taking blood samples. Each member of the intervention group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes motivational interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics tests. Results: The results showed that the results of the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements showed that motivational interviewing based on commitment and acceptance is effective in improving people's treatment adherence (P

The primary education system is one of the most extensive systems in society that determines the fate of society in the long run. In other words, the collection of research and experience of scientists and countries shows that the development of societies has a great relationship with the system. It has their elementary education. By using the appropriate curriculum evaluation model in elementary school, valuable information can be provided to decide on the quality of curricula to correct and revise some inefficiencies and increase the effectiveness and efficiency of curricula. Be added. In this research, data analysis was performed using open coding based on the collected information, the desired curriculum evaluation model is designed and compiled, and then the validity of the curriculum evaluation model designed through a researcher-made questionnaire validation of the elementary school curriculum evaluation model through factor analysis and structural equations through LISREL software. 8.8 was done.Research question:1- How to implement the evaluation of the elementary school curriculum with the focus on illustrating books in accordance with the criteria of Islamic art2- How to use the elementary school curriculum with the focus on illustrating books in accordance with Islamic art standardsresearch goals:1- Presenting the model of the elementary school curriculum with the focus on illustrating books in accordance with the criteria of Islamic art2- Examining the elementary school curriculum with the focus on illustrating books in accordance with the criteria of Islamic artKeywords: Curriculum Planning, Islamic Art, Evaluation, Content Analysis.

Background & Purpose: Revolutionary advances in cognitive science and technology have led mind-brain studies to the novel “brain control and simulation” phase. The development of cognitive science and technology, along with the huge investment of the world’s leading military research institutes in this area, suggest the emergence of a new arena of warfare, which is known as “cognitive warfare”. The present study aims to conduct a logical and conceptual analysis of cognitive warfare and illustrate its conceptual network. Methodology: The study is performed using logical and conceptual analyses. The applied techniques include constructive, detective, and reductive analyses. Findings: The analyses indicate six common logical fallacies in the conceptualization of cognitive warfare: the reduction of cognitive warfare to the psychological level, the reduction of cognitive warfare to cognitive operations, the reduction of cognitive influence to cognitive interference, the reduction of cognitive warfare to cognitive impairment, the reduction of cognitive warfare to military operations, and the reduction of cognitive warfare to application of cognitive science and technology in the battlefield. Each of the mentioned fallacies represents a natural element of cognitive warfare to demonstrate its conceptual network: cognitive warfare science and technology, cognitive warfare based on cognitive theories, the effectiveness of cognitive warfare, cognitive warfare dimensions, the scope of cognitive warfare, and the arena of cognitive warfare. Conclusion: The renaissance of cognitive science and technology highlights the fact that future power and supremacy lies in cognitive superiority and empowerment in the arena of cognitive warfare. Thus, some of the critical measures to be taken in this regard are establishing cognitive science and technology research centers, cognitive defense centers, and cognitive battlefield bases and headquarters. Other essential actions include the training of officers for cognitive warfare, policymaking, legislation, and executive measures and planning for offence and defense in the arena of cognitive warfare

Background: There is ample evidence in the study of the association of inflammatory reactions with the pathogenesis and complications of diabetes, especially hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to the effect of high intensity interval training and caloric restriction on inflammatory factors and PLIN3 visceral adipose tissue in male diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 32 diabetic male Wistar rats was randomly divided into three subgroups: HIIT, control and caloric restriction. In the caloric restriction group, 40% of the calorie intake was restricted and other groups received the standard food they needed freely. Relative protein expression of PLIN3 was performed using western blot technique and TNF-α and IL-6 by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Result: There was a significant difference between the mean of PLIN3, IL-6 and TNF-α in the three groups (P=0.001). The results of post hoc test showed a significant increase in PLIN3 and a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α in the caloric restriction group and intense intermittent exercise compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: HIIT and caloric restriction may increase lipid oxidation by increasing PLIN3 expression. Considering the role of TNF-α and IL-6 in increasing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, reducing these factors during the present study may be helpful in preventing these metabolic diseases.

Background and Aims Balance disorder has been recognized as a leading cause of falls in the elderly. One way to strengthen the balance of the elderly is to use new technologies such as virtual reality. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual reality exercises on the dynamic and functional balance of the elderly.Methods The present study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design. Subjects included 24 male aged 60-75 years that were selected by a convenience sampling method from Shabestar city and divided randomly into two virtual and control groups. Participants in the experimental group practiced for 9 weeks, but the control group continued their usual treatment programs. XBox device was used for virtual reality interventions. Also, in order to evaluate the functional and dynamic balance, Berg Balance Scale, and Up and go timed Test were used, respectively. MANCOVA and ANCOVA Tests were used at P

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the descent of pelvic organs beyond the vaginal walls which is associated with bothersome urinary, defecatory, sexual and vaginal mass protrusion symptoms. The present study was performed aimed to investigate the correlation of the symptoms and POP-Q stage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 335 women with pop symptoms referred to the pelvic floor clinic of Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital in 2018-2019. A checklist of detailed medical history which contains urinary, defecatory, sexual and bulging symptoms due to pelvic organ prolapse was completed by a gynecologist (fellowship of pelvic floor disorders) and the stage of POP was evaluated according to pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) system. The relationship between clinical symptoms and the stage of POP was assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23) and Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and multivariate regression. P0.05). There was significant correlation between vaginal noise and sexual dissatisfaction with lower stage of anterior compartment prolapse (p=0.014, p=0.025, respectively). Conclusion: Urinary symptoms especially stress and urgency urinary incontinence and sexual dissatisfaction were correlated with lower stage of POP. Also, due to the lack of relationship between defecation symptoms and prolapse stage, complaints of pelvic organ prolapse symptoms may not be related to the severity and stage of prolapse in clinical examination.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the evolution of physical education teaching from a linear to a non-linear approach. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of traditional games with a hybrid of games for understanding and game sense teaching approaches on students' motor proficiency.Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design conducted in a field-based study. Fifty-five girl students (10-11years) were randomly divided into four groups: teaching game for understanding, game sense, hybrid of teaching game for understanding and game sense, and traditional group. Subjects practiced one-hour session three days a week according to their group's educational approach for 12 weeks. The Bruininks-Oseretsky test was used to assess children's motor proficiency.Results: The results of Mixed ANOVA showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the first three groups. So, it can be stated that for gross motor skills, the Hybrid group got the highest score with 79% of variance explained, and for fine motor skills and total motor proficiency, the teaching game for understanding got the highest scores with 84% and 85% of the variance explained, respectively. Traditional education did not have a significant effect on the investigated variables.Conclusion: It can be concluded that using the hybrid approach improves children's motor proficiency. The present study shows that teaching games for understanding and game sense models in the form of traditional games are a proper training method to improve motor proficiency in students. It seems that these approaches can be transferred to other educational levels

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae produce the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases which is considered as an important resistant mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics. The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the main problem in the bacterial infections therapy. The prevalence of these enzymes changes in different geographical areas and with time. The present study aims to explore the frequency of the extended-spectrum blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, in Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord City; the mentioned genes were investigated from the phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, antibacterial susceptibility patterns of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes to Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Cefterixon and cephalotin were tested using disk diffusion (Kirby-Buer) method. In addition, confirmatory tests for detecting ESBLs phenotypes were performed using Ceftazidim-clavulanic acid and Cefotaxim- clavulanic acid combination disks. Then, the presence of blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, genes in the broad-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains was assessed in the presence of specific primers. Results: Out of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenesis investigated in this study, 32 isolates (64%) were identified to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamases in the phenotypic study of ESBLS, and the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was reported as 30%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In the statistical analysis, a statistically significant correlation was observed between resistance to the antibiotic ceftriaxone and the blaCTX-M, gene (p

Background: Acute and chronic stress due to inactivity, especially inactivity due to osteoarthritis can affect pain threshold and painful behaviors; therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise, ozone and MSCs on pain threshold changes in osteoarthritis rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult male Wistar rats (6-8-week-old), weighing an average of 250-230g, were divided into osteoarthritis (n=40) and healthy controls (n=5). Osteoarthritis were induced by surgery in rats and then divided into 8 groups of 5, including patient control, MSCs, aerobic exercise, ozone, aerobic exercise+ozone, aerobic exercise+MSCs, ozone+MSCs and aerobic exercise+ozone+MSCs. Aerobic exercise was performed for eight weeks at a speed of 16 M/min. MSCs were injected at 1×106 cells/kg into the knees of rats; ozone was also injected into 3 replicates before training with a concentration of 20 μg/ml. Pain threshold was measured by hot-plate test and its significance level was considered 0.05. Results: Pain threshold in the osteoarthritis patient group was significantly reduced compared to the healthy group (P=0.001). There was a significant increase in pain threshold in cell therapy (P=0.003), ozone therapy and aerobic exercise groups (P=0.0001). While the peak of this increase was seen in MSCs+aerobic exercise (P=0.02). Conclusion: Induction of osteoarthritis leads to a decrease in pain threshold. Although aerobic exercise, ozone and MSCs play an important role in controlling acute pain due to osteoarthritis by increasing the pain threshold, the maximum analgesic effect is in the interaction of aerobic exercise+MSCs.

Objective: Knowledge management is one of the effective strategies to gain a competitive advantage. Implementing of knowledge Knowledge management in an organization requires attention and design of a model appropriate to the specific conditions and contexts of the organization. Insurance companies are among the knowledge-based organizations that can gain the opportunity to progress as much as possible by implementing knowledge management. In such a way that if successful implementation of knowledge management, in terms of quality and performance of their services can gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a knowledge management implementation model for Dana Insurance Company as one of active Company in Iran insurance industry. Methodology: The present study was an applied study that was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study was 1761 experts and managers of Dana Insurance Company, of which 317 people were selected as members of the sample using simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis and model fit study were performed by structural equation method with the help of Amos software. Findings: Based on the obtained results, it was found that the model has a sufficient fit to the data. The final knowledge management model for Dana Insurance Organization includes five main dimensions. Each dimension has its own components. The causal conditions include three components in the form of Creating organizational memory, the importance of intellectual capital, and the insurance industry environment. The Contextual conditions include four components in the form of human resource development and improvement, knowledge-based evaluation system, higher and supervisory institutions, and management and leadership; The intervening conditions include two components as human factors and intra-organizational factors; strategies and actions dimension including three components in the form of knowldege management infrastructure preparation, knowledge discovery and collection, and knowledge documentation; and the consequences include five components in the form of increasing the productivity of the organization, creating a knowledge-based organization, functional and economic growth of the organization, improving the share of insurance in the growth of the economy and improving the human resources performance. Conclusion: The results showed the knowledge management implementation model as a reference and pattern for Dana Insurance Company includes five main dimensions and 17 components. Therefore, for the successful implementation of knowledge management in Dana Insurance Company, special attention should be paid to these factors. Among the five dimensions of the knowledge management model, the dimension of consequences has the first rank and the causal condition has the last place.

Purpose‏: Human resources are considered a competitive advantage in organizations, and according to the executive position of staff, the relative importance of the competitive advantage is enhanced so that the executive managers, and the senior staffs particularly in the production line, are of particular importance to company owners. Selecting competent and committed senior staff as well as maintaining them based on their satisfaction is one of the key factors in the success of organizations. Therefore, this paper aims to study the selection and assignment of senior staff problems so that they are selected based on their competency to manage the production workshops, and then they are assigned to the workshops based on their preferences. For this purpose, an integrated model of mathematical programming and Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MCDM) is developed to select competent senior staff and assign them to the workshops based on their preferences.Design/methodology/approach‏: In this paper, some of the staff as potential options have been determined, and then, their preferences to manage all workshops have been calculated using the TOPSIS technique. Also, a multi-objective integer programming model has been developed to select competent senior staff among all potential options and to assign them to the workshops based on their preferences. In this paper, a multi-objective global criteria method has been proposed as an approach to solving the selection and assignment problem.Findings: The required data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with potential options. Consequently, the results indicated that the proposed method (weighted global criteria) outperforms the simple global criteria approach as well as the traditional method based on the decision of the managers and experts.Research limitations/implications‏: The results were limited to the case of production workshops in an appliances plant, and all data were deterministic. Respectively, some directions as opportunities for future research were suggested. The first suggestion is to apply the current model in other production systems, and the second suggestion is to use fuzzy logic for developing both the fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy mathematical programming model based on the expert’s knowledge.Practical implications‏: Since the non-optimal assignment of the staff to the workplaces increases the costs, and assigning them disregarding their preferences leads to staff dissatisfaction, the production system would be affected. Therefore, the lifecycle of the organization can be threatened. Therefore, the optimal staff assignment problem can be one of the most critical management challenges in industries. Originality/value‏: To the best of our knowledge, there is no research in the literature on the staff assignment problem that considers preferences and competencies simultaneously as studied in this paper. Therefore, the following contributions to the literature are underlined:- Selecting and assigning senior staff to production workshops, considering a multi-objective problem- Collecting the evaluation criteria of preferences for the problem from the literature to determine final preferences for selecting the workshopIntegrating the integer programming (IP) model and TOPSIS to extend the new model of staff assignment problem

From the point of view of criminal policy, the coronavirus Covid-19 can be examined in two ways; Corona as a crime and Corona as a context of crime. In this paper, the only criminal policy governing the corona is recognized in the light of the general rules and regulations governing these types of diseases and regulations issued in the past year, especially the approvals of the National Corona Headquarters. In this criminal policy, on the one hand, various health-action measures are implemented to prevent the transmission of Quaid-19 virus, and on the other hand, in response to the violation of these measures, classic and modern criminalization / minor offence have been imposed. Minimal criminal intervention, Status-oriented, Colorful responses, Gradual punitiveness and intolerance in some matters have been features of the preventive criminal policy against Corona. Therefore, the body of criminal policy governing this virus is a combination of criminalization and irregular responses, which has led to the creation of a special justice system within the criminal justice system. It seems that the developing tendency of the mentioned headquarters towards criminal policy based on situational prevention and contentment with fines and deprivation of violators has led to neglect of the etiology of non-compliance and insufficient attention to social preventive measures. It seems that with the prolongation of its prevalence in the country and the decrease in the value of official norms, it may lead to an increase in the number of violations.

Objective Oxidative stress and apoptosis due to hydrogen peroxide poisoning have a major effect on the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the lung. This study aims to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and Tribulus terrestris extract on some indicators of oxidative stress and lung tissue apoptosis in poisoned male Wistar rats. Methods In this experimental study, 49 male rats aged 10-12 weeks were randomly divided into seven groups: Control, Poisoned, Poisoning+ Exercise, Poisoning+ Supplementation 1 (Tribulus terrestris 5 mg/kg), Poisoning+ Supplementation 2 (Tribulus terrestris 10 mg/kg), Poisoning+ Exercise + Supplementation 1, Poisoning+ Exercise+ Supplementation 2. The aerobic exercise program consisted of eight weeks (5 days a week) of running on a treadmill at a speed of 20 meters per minute for 60 minutes per session. Alcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris at two doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg was administered to the target animals by gavage for eight weeks. Serum levels of oxidative stress markers were measured with special kits, and the expression of apoptotic markers of lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. The study hypotheses were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Least Significant Difference post hoc test, considering a significance level of P

Many spiritualists believe that one does not need to have physical and mental strength to experience God and the Hereafter. Many athletes believe that having physical strength without spirituality is possible. Many scientists also believe that they do not need spirituality to have mental power. The subject of this article is the approach of separating spirituality from physical and mental strength. We will address the theoretical framework of this distinction and its critiques. The topic is important especially because the absence or lack of spirituality leads to a defect in the other two powers or their malfunction. Our method is to extract the assumptions of the theoretical framework of this separation and then call them into question. We conclude that this distinction has two presupposed categories: philosophical and theological. Its philosophical presuppositions are the separation of the mind from the world, the material from the abstract, and the intellect from the heart. The first is the result of the false assumption that the mind is in the body and that our body is separate from other objective beings. The second is based on the false premise that the boundary of matter is clear and immaterial beings can be separated from it. The third is based on the fact that the intellect is a source of cognition and the heart is the place of emotions. Its theological presuppositions are to believe that God is purely immaterial and to separate the world from the hereafter. The first is the result of the false premise that God is a limited being in the immaterial world and cannot be present in the material world. The second is based on misunderstanding the relationship between this world and the hereafter, that is, the relationship between the external and the internal. The novelty of this article is in extracting these assumptions and criticizing them.

IntroductionThe main goal of conventional agriculture is to maximize both production and income. Intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice that aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources and labor. The most common advantage of intercropping is the production of greater yield on a given piece of land by making more efficient use of the available growth resources using a mixture of crops of different rooting ability, canopy structure, height, and nutrient requirements based on the complementary utilization of growth resources by the component crops. Mixed cropping of cereals with non-cereal plants, in addition to the optimal and fair use of resources such as land and labor, increased productivity per unit area and strengthened total productivity per unit area and time. In mixed cropping of bean and sesame, treatments including 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 had 1000-seed weight, number of capsules or pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index were higher than other treatments. Materials and MethodsAn experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad Kavous University farm from 2017-to 2018. The intercropping ratios were in nine levels, including sole crop of chickpea and lettuce, replacement intercropping of 33, 50, and 66% lettuce instead of chickpea, and additive intercropping of 100% cicer + 33, 50, 67, and 100% lettuce and pure nitrogen consumption in three levels of 0, 50 and 100 Kg-ha. Row distance was 30cm, and row lengths were 3m. The distance between plants in rows was 20 cm for lettuce and 10 cm for chickpeas. The number of rows in sole cropping of chickpea and lettuce was four, 50% lettuce + 50% chickpeas 4 (chickpea-lettuce-chickpea-lettuce), 33% lettuce + 67% chickpea 5 (chickpea-lettuce-chickpea-chickpea–lettuce), 33% chickpea + 67% lettuce 5 (lettuce-chickpea-chickpea- lettuce-chickpea) and in additive treatments was 8 (lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-lettuce-) with 15 cm from together. In additive treatments distance of plants was 60, 40, 30, and 20 cm for 33, 50, 67, and 100% increase, respectively. SAS Ver. 9.4 was performed for statistical analysis of data, and the least significant difference test (LSD) at the 5% probability level was employed for mean comparisons. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the highest dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed weight per plant, and chickpea harvest index were obtained from replacement series of 33% chickpea and 67% lettuce. This was due to reduced external competition, which provided more space for the plant and produced more photosynthetic material. Also, the lowest dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and 1000-seed weight of chickpea were obtained from an increase of 100% lettuce to chickpea. With increasing nitrogen consumption, plant weight, the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight and chickpea harvest index, and lettuce plant height and weight were increased. By increasing of nitrogen, plant growth, yield components, and consequently, chickpea seed yield increased. ConclusionAmong the two pea and lettuce plants, lettuce plant weight was higher. The higher weight of lettuce can be attributed to the genetic characteristic of the plant (harvest of the whole plant and high level of water content of the plant). The weight of both species increased with increasing nitrogen consumption. The highest harvest index resulted from the treatment of 50 kg nitrogen per hectare, and the lowest harvest index was obtained from the treatment of non-consumption of nitrogen. Chickpea plant dry weight was reduced due to increasing density which in turn resulted in high competition between plants. Seed weight and yield components of chickpea decreased with increasing density.

The purpose of this study is to infer educational strategies based on Quranic anthropology. The present study is applied and practical in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of approach, and inferential in terms of method. The findings of this study are: Man has cognition, tendency and ability to act, and out of the interaction of these three dimensions, the following effects are emerged: tendencies are the essence of human existence and they are strengthened or weakened by awareness and action. Tendencies are divided into two categories: deep - stable and superficial - transient. Tendencies can strengthen or weaken each other. The clearer a person's awareness, the closer it is to their beliefs and more attention is going to be paid to cognition. Besides, frequent reference to this awareness will further strengthen or weaken the tendency. Performing a specific action strengthens both the tendency that supports it and all the tendencies that are appropriate to it and weakens its opposite tendencies. Educational strategies include: paying attention to action and continuous practice of it, paving the way and facilitating and using the environment as a guiding tool, providing education gradually and in accordance with the desires and needs, exhibiting goodness and good deeds to flourish and strengthen innate desires, listening to and benefiting from the advice of mentors and good leaders, using various formats of presenting content and facilitating the passage from superficial and transient desires and tendencies to deep and long-lasting ones

Background: There is a close link between eating fatty foods, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluation the effect of 8 weeks caloric restriction on Perilipins (PLIN5) and ATGL visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in male diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats were divided into healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic group with caloric restriction. In the caloric restriction group, %40 of the calorie intake was restricted and other groups received the standard food they needed freely for 8 week. The relative expression of prilipine 5 and ATGL protein by Western blotting and insulin resistance were also evaluated using Homa index. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Result: A significant difference was showed between the means of the three groups in comparing the expression of PLIN5 and ATGL proteins. Post hoc test showed a significant increase in PLIN5 and ATGL in the caloric restriction group compared to the healthy and diabetic control group (P=0.001). There was also a significant decrease in insulin and glucose levels in the caloric restriction group compared to the diabetic control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Calorie restriction may prevent insulin resistance by acting on the overlying proteins and thus reducing fat accumulation.

Background: Many studies emphasize the impact of child-parenting relationships and family interactions on future compromises, including commitment after marriage. Meanwhile, the development of the concept of self-differentiation within the family, which means emotional regulation and anxiety management, can affect the relationship between spouses. However, the relationship between these variables in a structural model has not been studied in research. Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a structural model of the quality of the main family and the tendency to infidelity the through the mediation of self-differentiation. Methods: This was a correlational study and the statistical population of the study included all married people in Tehran city at 1999 year. The sample consisted of 349 people who were selected by random sampling method. Research instruments included the Stout et al.'s Family Quality Scale (1985), the Scorne and Friedlander Self-Differentiation Scale (1989), and the Mark Watley (2006) Infidelity Scale, which were completed by participants. Also, in order to investigate the relationships between variables, the method of structural equations, correlation test between variables and bootstrap test were used. Results: Evaluation of the hypothetical model of the research showed that the hypothetical model fits with the measurement model (CFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.056). Also, the quality of the main family is not directly related to the tendency to breach of contract (0.03) and indirectly affects tendency to infidelity through self-differentiation (0.20). In other words, self-differentiation plays a mediating role in the relationship between the quality of the main family and tendency to infidelity (-0.24). Conclusion: Poor family quality, which leads to low levels of differentiation in individuals, is likely to lead to tendency to infidelity in the next life with the spouse. More research is needed to improve the quality of parenting relationships.

Introduction: Eclampsia is defined as generalized tonic-clonic seizure in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. This study was performed with aim to evaluate maternal and fetal complications in pregnancies with eclampsia in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients with a diagnosis of eclampsia who were admitted to Ghaem Hospital between June 2018 and June 2020 were included in the study. Maternal and fetal complications were assessed. For all patients, a checklist was completed by the researcher including information and history of underlying diseases, surgery, obstetrics, and maternal and neonatal complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 16). Results: In this study, 51 patients with eclampsia were evaluated. The frequency percentage of eclampsia in Ghaem Hospital was 0.45%. Eclampsia before delivery was 66.7% and was higher than during and after delivery. Maternal complications included: increased rate of cesarean section (70%), postpartum bleeding (1.96%), liver disorders (1.96%), PRES syndrome (13.7%), HELLP syndrome (9.8%), DIC (1.96%), placental abruption (3.9%) and pulmonary edema (1.96%). Fetal complications were low Apgar (43.1%), low birth weight (41.1%), NICU admission (33.3%), preterm delivery (25.4%), IUGR (19.6%) and neonatal and fetal deaths (27.5%) that 4 cases were stillbirth and 10 cases died up to 7 days after birth. There was no maternal death. Conclusion: Maternal complications were: preterm pregnancy, cesarean section due to placental abruption or IUGR, HELLP syndrome, ICU hospitalization and maternal death, respectively. Fetal complications were: preterm delivery, IUGR and NICU hospitalization and intrauterine fetal death, respectively.

The importance of government officials is so great that in the religion of Islam, the happiness or misery of the people is tied to them. This conveys the importance of educating rulers, one of the dimensions of which is political education. On the other hand, the lack of theoretical foundations and the poor performance of some rulers, further highlights the need for this issue. Accordingly, the present study can facilitate the formulation of theoretical issues of the political education model of the rulers by extracting the principles of political training of rulers in the Holy Quran with a method of developmental interpretation and a critical approach. Findings of the study indicate the extraction of the principles of political education of rulers from the perspective of the Holy Quran in the following dimensions: theology, anthropology, axiology, ontology and epistemology, which are explained in three principles of insight, orientation and action. From the combination of principles and principles as the theoretical foundations of the model of education and from the factors, obstacles and methods as the practical principles of the model of education, the model of desirable governing characteristics can be extracted from the perspective of the Holy Quran.

Background: Fatty diet increases apoptosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4-week aerobic exercise along with pistachio skin extract on the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in heart tissue of fat-fed rats. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study. 12-week-old female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6; Positive control (healthy), negative control (obesity), exercise + obesity, extract + obesity, exercise and extract + obesity (interaction of exercise and extract). Training was done for 4 weeks with moderate intensity of 50-60% Vo2max. Pistachio skin extract was used at a dose of 60 mg per kilogram. qPCR method was used to check gene expression. Results: The results showed that the expression of bax and caspase 3 was higher in the obese group than in the healthy group (P=0.001). The extract groups, the exercise group and the exercise + extract group had more bax and caspase 3 expression compared to the obese group (P=0.001). The expression of Bcl-2 in the obese group and the exercise group was lower than the healthy group (P=0.001). Also, the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the exercise + extract group than in the obese group (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the exercise group and the exercise+extract group with the extract group. Conclusion: High-fat diet increase bax and caspase 3 and decreased Bcl-2 in rats. However, exercise and consumption of green pistachio skin extract together decrease bax and caspase 3 and increased Bcl-2.

The inferior alveolar canal is an important anatomical structure in the field of dentistry implants and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important diagnostic technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anatomical variations of the mandibular canal observed in CBCT images.Materials & Methods:In this descriptive-analytic study 384 inferior alveolar canals were evaluated in 192 patients, who were referred to the radiology department of Isfahan Azad University in 1396 for a cone-beam computed tomography. Radiographs were performed to assess the frequency of different left and right mandibular canal segregations by sex in terms of upper and lower position, baccolingual position, shape of the general canal. The frequency and different types of existing mandibular plug canals were also evaluated. Data were analyzed by Chi Square, independent T Test, paired t-test. (p value < 0.05).Results:The mandibular canal was 2.1% of the lower position, 11.9% of the upper position and 86% of the middle position. Statistically significant differences were observed between the frequency distributions of canal positions and gender (p value = 0.004). The prevalence of Bifid mandibular canals was 14.8%. There was no significant relationship between the shape of the general channel path and gender. There was no significant difference between the mean distance between the mandibular canal and the buccal cortex in both Molar and Ramus with the sex of the subjects and the side of the canal (p value < 0.05).Conclusion:The highest frequency of mandibular canal in most subjects was on the right in the intermediate position. The mean distance between mandibular canal and buccal cortex in Ramos and Molars area on both right and left sides was not significantly different between men and women

Purpose: Information culture is a new concept that shows the organization's orientation towards information, as well as values, norms, and behaviors related to information in the organization. Addressing this concept is especially important in knowledge-based organizations such as universities. The purpose of this research is to introduce a model information culture for governmental universities of Iran.Methodology: The populations were faculty members of governmental universities of Iran. The members of the research sample in the qualitative section were selected by using the purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section by using the random sampling method. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After analyzing the interviews and coding the data, a conceptual model of the research was designed. Then, to assess the validity of the research model, quantitative data were collected with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the fitness of the research model, the SEM method (Structural Equation Modeling) was used with the help of LISREL software.Findings: By analyzing qualitative data 57 initial codes were identified for information culture, these codes were categorized in format of 16 subcategories and 4 main categories. Fitting the research model with the SEM method showed, information culture model of governmental universities of Iran has very good fitness. Therefore, to measure information culture in governmental universities of Iran, this model which includes 4 main dimensions information values and norms, optimized use of information and communication technology, information management, and Communications and interactions, can be used.Conclusions: This research, by presenting a model for information culture, provides the possibility of measuring and monitoring information culture in the governmental universities of Iran. In addition, the results of this research can be a base for doing more research and the development of theoretical foundations in this field.

Introduction: Due to the acceptance of laparoscopic hysterectomy by surgeons and patients and the fact that the prevalence of some complications of hysterectomy such as deep vein thrombosis, which is a dangerous and unpredictable complication, has not been accurately determined; this study was performed with aim to determine the factors affecting deep vein thrombosis following laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 with participation of 55 women candidates for laparoscopic hysterectomy in Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz. The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis and its effective factors was evaluated with D-dimer test and the researcher-made checklist (extracted from articles). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Spearman coefficient test. P60 years (P=0.001), high body mass index (P=0.009), previous history of deep vein thrombosis (P=0.008), history of long-term use of contraceptives (P=0.005) and prolonged immobility in the recent three months (P=0.011) were directly related to the incidence of deep vein thrombosis after abdominal hysterectomy.Conclusion: The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis after laparoscopic hysterectomy in the present study was 12% that old age, high body mass index, use of contraceptives pills and complete immobility are its risk factors. It is recommended that preventive and therapeutic measures be considered before surgery for patients at risk for this complication.

Background and purpose: Emotion is a developmental construct whose effects on decision-making and other variables have been the focus of cognitive psychologists; Psychologists believe that emotions grow with the age of the child, in other words, children at different ages have different emotional development. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating emotion regulation among four- to six-year-old children, focusing on their developmental and gender differences. Methods: The current research is a causal-comparative research that investigated the differences between four to six-year-old groups and the difference between boys and girls in terms of emotion regulation. For this purpose, using the available sampling method, 30 children (5 boys and 5 girls from each age group) were examined in Qom city. The games "keeping a secret" and "disappointing gift" were respectively games related to the measurement of positive emotion regulation and negative emotion regulation of children by Carlson and Wang (2007). In order to analyze the results, SPSS27 software was used. Results: Results revealed that motion regulation level for four, five and six year old children is significantly different. Six-year old have significantly higher levels of both positive and negative emotion regulation. Positive and negative emotion regulation ability of five-year-old children is significantly higher than four year old. Moreover, results suggested that girls are significantly more capable of emotion regulation for both positive and negative emotions than boys (P

Natural crises Threaten Human life and property every year. So planning for disaster Preparation is essential. Flood Threatens Thousands of People around the World. Flood damage is different in different areas. Therefore, identifying and classifying floodplains in each region is one of the measures that can be taken to manage and reduce flood damage. By identifying and prioritizing flood vulnerable areas can Reduce flood damage. In this study pre-identified flood-vulnerable areas in Amol city are prioritized according to criteria such as population density, distressed areas, distance from rivers and access to cities and roads. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) five flood-vulnerable areas are prioritized. Then, a bi-objective mathematical model is provided to determine the best locations to set up relief sites and the amount of relief goods and machines required as preparation for quick disaster response. Finally, solutions are provided to increase the allocation to areas with higher accountability priorities and lower costs.

In recent decades due to the rapid and unplanned growth of cities, urban management has been faced with several issues, including models and patterns of urban development and the selection of optimal options for location. Neyshabour is known as the second most populous city in Khorasan Razavi province. Due to reduced rainfall and drought, agriculture has lost its prosperity and most of the rural population has migrated to the city. Urban development research has been done by the ABM model using the factors affecting Neyshabour urban development. These factors include: the dominant position of desirable socio-Access-quality road access to green space and privacy watercourse Services and usage is taken into account. The ABM model is a set of independent factors with goals and capabilities that interact with each other. To validate the model, the Markov-cellular method based on Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images has been used for 17 years. Based on the results of urban development simulation using the ABM, the area of the urban area has increased from 2018 to 2035 with a growth rate of 19.8%, and in the Markov-cellular model, the area of the urban area from 2018 to 2035 with a growth rate of / Will increase by 23%. Accordingly, these results do not differ much from each other. The results show that in the implementation of these two models, The ABM model suggests that social influence is dominant class and carefully detailed model compared with Markov-cellular automation is acceptable

Background: Weakness in listening skill and abilities, with or without the characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorder, is one of the issues of children with ADHD, which could partially appear in listening, speaking, reading, writing and spelling words. This weakness could lead to anxiety, and negatively impact these children's connections at home, and especially in the classroom. Not to mention, that this weakness could, also, project externally, and appear as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors (Externalizing Behavior). Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of listening skills training on behavioral problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder together with Specific learning disorder. Method: The research design was a pretest-posttest experiment with a control group. In order to conduct this research, 30 people from the statistical population of the study children with ADHD with together with Specific learning disorder in District 4 of Tehran) in the 98-99 academic year were selected by multi stage cluster method (simple random access). The children were, then, assigned to control and experiment groups. The instruments used in this study included the Achenbach inventory and the Learning Disabilities Questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed, that listening skill tasks had a significant effect on reducing behavioral problems. The effect of listening skills training on behavioral problems was 45/5%. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, cognitive rehabilitation and especially hearing skills training can be used as an effective method to reduce behavioral problems in children with ADHD and learning disabilities.

Introduction: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) has been noticed due to high mortality rate for mother and fetus. However, the cause and pathogenesis of AFLP are unclear, and the absence of specific symptoms precludes early diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the pregnancy outcomes in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 2013-2018. A total of 1475 records of women suspected to acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, severe pre-eclampsia and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) who were hospitalized in the university hospitals of Mashhad were selected and evaluated. Chief complaints at admission, laboratory data and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23). Results: A total of 34 records with diagnosis of AFLP were included in this study. Nausea and vomiting (94.11%), abdominal pain (94.11%) and hypertension (52.94%) were three main complaints in these patients, respectively. Laboratory test showed an increase in bilirubin, liver enzymes, coagulation tests, creatinine and a decrease in albumin and platelet count. Mean gestational age at the time of pregnancy termination was 34.2±2.04 weeks. We found 5 cases of maternal and 4 cases of neonatal mortality. Mean recovery time was 6.03±2.53 days. Conclusion: AFLP is associated with maternal mortality and the complications like multi organ failure, Diseminated intravascular coagulation, preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal mortality. Since in this study, the most common complications of patients with AFPL were nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, it is recommended to evaluate all pregnant women in third trimester who refer with these symptoms for diagnosis of AFLP.

Objective: Oxidative stress can cause DNA damage and apoptosis, and leads to cardiovascular disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with consumption of hydroalcoholic extract of tribulus terrestris on mitochondrial oxidative stress markers in heart tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on 42 male Wistar rats divided randomly into seven groups of Control (poisoned without supplementation), Aerobic Exercise, Aerobic Exercise + Supplementation with 5mg/kg extract, Aerobic Exercise + Supplementation with 10 mg/kg extract, Supplementation with 5mg/kg extract, Supplementation with 10mg/kg extract, and healthy control. All groups received hydrogen peroxide (100 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days intraperitoneally. The rats in supplementation groups received hydroalcoholic extract of tribulus terrestris with doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight by gavage. Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, each for 30 min. Twenty-four hours after the last exercise session, the heart tissues of rats were collected. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test considering a significance level of P

Objective: Aging is associated with some changes in the liver function including increased collagen deposition and decreased mitochondrial function. This study aims to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise and vitamin C intake on the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and Mitofusin 1 (MFn1) genes and collagen deposition in older rats. Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on 25 male Wistar rats aged 24 weeks and weighted 280-320 g. They were randomly divided into five groups of young control, older exercise, older vitamin C, older exercise + vitamin C, and older control. In the supplementation groups, rats were given liposomal vitamin C (100 mg/kg per body weight) by gavage daily. One-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between the groups and Tukey’s post hoc test was used to determine the location of group differences. For all analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Aging significantly reduced the expression of PGC-1α and MFn1 and increased collagen deposition in the liver tissue of rats (P=0.001). In the older exercise + vitamin C group, a significant increase in PGC-1α expression was observed compared to the older control group (P=0.001), but there was no significant changes in MFn1 expression. A significant decrease in collagen deposition was reported in the older exercise, older vitamin C, and older exercise + vitamin C groups compared to the older control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Resistance exercise combined with vitamin C intake reduces collagen deposition in liver tissue and increases PGC-1α expression in older rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two instructional approaches (game based and traditional) on physical activity, self-determined motivation and physical activity enjoyment in university students who participated in physical education classes. This study was semi-experimental. The participants included 30 male university students (mean age 20.67±1.72 years) who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups: game based instruction and traditional instruction. They participated in 18 sessions (for 6 weeks and 3 sessions a week) of basketball. The data were collected by the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, Beurer pedometer, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, and Self-Determination Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANCOVA, and RANCOVA were used for analysis of data. The results showed significant differences between game based and traditional groups in the duration of moderate to high intensity physical activity and the number of steps (P≤0.001). There were no significant differences in physical activity enjoyment and a sense of competence between game based and traditional groups; But there were significant differences between two groups in autonomy (P≤0.001) and belonging (P≤0.013).The results showed that game based instructional approach can enhance physical activity level and quality of motivation of university students in physical education classes.

Abstract Purpose: Due to the importance of using toys in libraries and its unreasonable role in the development of individual and social personality of children, today many libraries around the world, as well as in Iran by the Iran Public Libraries Foundation, use this possibility. Continuation of the process of sending toys by the Iran Public Libraries Foundation requires a thorough review of the activities performed and identification of their weaknesses and strengths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the use of toys and its related factors in Iran public libraries. Method: This is an applied study that was carried out using the survey method. The statistical population of the study included all librarians of Iran public libraries, 899 of whom participated in the study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, face/content validity was used. A number of experts, including professors of Knowledge and Information Science and researchers in the field of educational sciences and toys, reviewed the questionnaire and after correcting their opinions, the validity was confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha method was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.918 and for each part of the questionnaire, the alpha coefficient was higher than 0.8, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Findings: The findings showed that the use of toys in the country’s public libraries is above average. Most of the clients in the toy sector are children aged 5 to 9 years and 3 to 5 years. In terms of gender, the female clients were more than twice as many as the boys. In terms of using the type of toys, the tendency to use group toys is more than individual toys, among which the two categories of intellectual and educational toys were most welcomed by clients. A survey of users’ satisfaction with the toy sector showed that although the overall satisfaction with this sector was above average, the low variety, quantity and quality of toys and also not having enough space for the toy sector and the lack of working hours of this section is one of the factors leading to dissatisfaction with the toy section. The findings also showed that from the librarians’ point of view, using toys in public libraries has been very effective, has recorded a positive experience of the library in the minds of clients, and has strengthened the spirit of collectivism in children and increased library visits. Finally, the findings indicated that librarians have little knowledge and skills in the field of toys and are not qualified to work in the toy sector. Originality/value: The present study examines the current status of the use of toys in Iran public libraries and identifies the strengths and weaknesses related to the toys, toys section and librarians of the toy section, providing accurate information to the managers and experts of the Iran Public Libraries Foundation in order that they can plan more precisely and eliminate the shortcomings in this field. It is also a basis for further research in this area as well as for the development of its theoretical foundations.

Introduction At present, the growth of the urban population of the world is faster than the world's largest, with more than half of the population living in urban areas. This fact has created many environmental and socio-economic problems on a large scale, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the high urbanization rate and the lack of urban infrastructure on the one hand, and the reduction of land with environmentally valuable land in the cities, on the other hand, reveals the need for a review of the process of change and the prediction of the expansion of cities in the coming years. Foresight science is an interdisciplinary knowledge that, in addition to analysing the trends of the past, has been able to discover, invent, and evaluate possible, probable and desirable future, and transformed the dispersed and inconsistent literature on planning for the future into scientifically codified with solid principles. In this regard, environmental futures research is a process of systematic and accountable effort to address the long-term future with the aim of identifying strategic research areas and the emergence of inclusive environmental technologies, which, while embracing the economic and social benefits of citizens, also minimize the potential for potential losses. Urban environment and provide favourable environmental scenarios, taking into account sustainable development patterns. This research has been designed with the aim of identifying the development indicators of the city of Sardrood including social, economic and environmental dimensions and defining the directions of the city development. During this process, the environmental consequences of its development will be explored with the future-oriented and futuristic approach in the event of its accession to the metropolis of Tabriz. Methods and material This research is based on the objective, applied and descriptive-analytical method. Initially, the required data and indices were prepared using library questionnaires and social, economic and environmental indicators. Then, in the MICMAC software designed for structural analysis, the impact of the indicators produced on each other and on the growth and development of the city was studied. Then, with the Scenario wizard software, the scenarios needed for key factors and driving force behind the development of the city were presented. Results and Discussion The initial variables affecting the future of the system were collected and analyzed using the Delphi technique, and finally, 59 variables were extracted in different dimensions. In order to analyze the effective variables, the structural analysis method was used using MICMAC software and the experts. The distribution of variables indicates that the system is unstable. The direct and indirect effects of variables on each other and on the future of the system were examined by experts and finally, 13 effective factors were obtained from a total of 59 primary factors. In this study, "the type of attitude in the annexation of the city of Sardrood to the metropolis of Tabriz" was identified as the most influential factor. In the final part of the study, a scenario was performed and for each of the key factors, the probable situations were identified. A total of 53 statuses were compiled and to examine the effect of each of the probable situations on other situations, the questionnaires were provided to the experts and entered into the scenario software for analysis of the results. Finally, there were three strong, more likely to occur scenarios, 9,999 poor scenarios, and 13 reasonable and believable scenarios by considering incredible scenarios, there are 169 statuses for them, of which only 24 are highly desirable and 44 are in a desirable process and the rest of the state is static, undesirable, or critical, which does not represent a desirable future for the future of the system. Conclusion This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the environmental consequences of the development of the city of Sardasht and its annexation to Tabriz's capital city. In the first step, by using the questionnaire tool, 59 factors were identified and evaluated by the experts on the future of the system in various dimensions and entered into the software to determine the key factors. Since the system software was identified as unstable, variables were classified into five general categories, which eventually identified 13 indicators out of 59 indicators as the main factors. In the following, 53 potential scenarios were designed for key factors that indicate the future of key factors. Then, to assess the impact and scenarios of these situations, they were compared through a questionnaire and their results were analyzed using the Wizard scenario software. The software provided 9,999 weak, 13 credible scenarios, and three strong scenarios. For credible scenarios, the status of the future of the ruling system is 169, of which 68 are favorable and 101 are unfavorable. Consequently, even in the case of favorable scenarios, the optimal future for the system is not expected.

Background: Early diagnosis of patients in the early stages of Alzheimerchr('39')s, known as mild cognitive impairment, is of great importance in the treatment of this disease. If a patient can be diagnosed at this stage, it is possible to treat or delay Alzheimerchr('39')s disease. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is very common in the process of diagnosing Alzheimerchr('39')s disease. In this study, we intend to separate subjects with mild cognitive impairment from healthy control based on fMRI data using brain functional connectivity and graph theory. Methods: In this article, which was done from April to November 2020 in Tehran, after pre-processing the fMRI data, 116 brain regions were extracted using an Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas. Then, the functional connectivity matrix between the time signals of 116 brain regions was calculated using Pearson correlation and mutual information methods. Using functional connectivity calculations, the brain graph network was formed, followed by thresholding of the brain connectivity network to keep significant and strong edges while eliminating weaker edges that were likely noise. Finally, 11 global features were extracted from the graph network and after performing statistical analyses and selecting optimal features; the classification of 14 healthy individuals and 11 patients with mild cognitive impairment was performed using a support vector machine classifier. Results: Calculations were showed that the mutual information algorithm as a functional connectivity method and five global features of the graph network, including average strength, eccentricity, local efficiency, coefficient clustering and transitivity, using the support vector machine classifier achieved the best performance with the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 84, 86 and 93 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Combining the features of brain graph and functional connectivity by the mutual information method with a machine learning approach, based on fMRI imaging analysis, is very effective in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment in the early stages of Alzheimer’s which consequently allows treating or delaying this disease.

Among the valuable works of the Innocent Imams (AS), the prayers and supplications of Imam Sajjad (AS) have an important place and are considered one of the prominent examples of Arabic texts, and its translation has long been considered by translators, but the important point is the importance of translation methodology as one of the most important parts of the translation process. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the methodology of translation of Sahifa Sajjadieh from the perspective of Fayz al-Islam and Ayati. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data has been collected using library sources. After examining the method of the two translators in translating the Sahifa, the principles and foundations and finally the process of translating Sahifa Sajjadieh have been analyzed. The results of the research indicate that Feyz al-Islam has provided fluent translations using the literal and free method and Ayati with the literal method. In the translation of Fayz al-Islam, the translation of metaphorical terms and expressions, extra-textual reference, and the presentation of an interpretive description are preferred over verse translation. In recognizing linguistic elements, the aesthetics of translations counterfeit, Ayati's translation is preferred. The translation of the element of pre-reference, in-text reference and translation of the attributes of God's creation have been done correctly in both translations