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This research was aimed at identifying the antecedents and consequences of digital content marketing using grounded theory model (case study: Instagram bloggers). The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of experts and knowledgeable people in the field of digital content marketing, especially Instagram bloggers. The sample size in the qualitative section with theoretical saturation (20 people) was estimated using purposeful sampling. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview. For validity and reliability of the work the Goba and Lincoln criteria were used, which consist of four more detailed concepts of validity, transferability, verifiability and reliability. MAXQDA software was used for coding. To analyze the data, Strauss and Corbin systematic method was performed with open coding, axial coding and selective coding. After data analysis, the paradigm model or optimal model of digital content marketing was extracted. The results identified 62 core codes, 216 indicators (open coding) and 6 selective coding of which 7 precedents (effective component) including motivation, business intelligence, audience experience, preferences, research and development, creativity, and influencers and 11 consequences (effective component) include competitiveness, communication, audience trust, value creation for the audience, promoting e-learning culture, loyalty and persuasion to buy, brand awareness, brand health, e-marketing effectiveness, word of mouth and engagement embraced. In addition, strategies, contextual factors and barriers to digital content marketing were presented. Therefore, according to the research results, attention to digital content marketing for branding and audience attraction, as well as loyalty to the target audience should be considered by bloggers and people who have online businesses.

Objective(s): The maintenance of medical specialists in deprived areas is of great importance. This study aimed to identify a retention model for medical specialists in deprived areas. Methods: The was a descriptive study. Participants in the study included a sample of specialist physicians in less developed provinces and disadvantaged areas in Iran. They were selected by random cluster sampling. The questionnaire was prepared using theoretical foundations, upstream documents and interviews with experts, which included 8 indicators on the retention of specialists in deprived areas. Structural equation and factor analysis were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 25 and AMOS. Results: In all 209 female specialists and 175 male specialists from 21 provinces and 37 cities were studied. The mean age of study participants was 34.8 years. The average scores for job characteristics, payment system, welfare facilities, job facilities, work environment, rules and regulations, personality traits and job motivation were equal to 4.20, 4.66, 4.38, 4.49, 4.69, 3.86, 4.15, 4.18, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of the components showed proper fit for the data. Also, the effect of all factors on the retention of physicians in the regions was significant (P

Background and Objective: Coronary heart disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death in most countries including Iran. Exercise training after coronary artery bypass grafting and the resulting adaptations increase the capillary density of skeletal and cardiac muscle along with the development of new capillaries and improve cardiovascular and functional ability due to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic-resistance training on plasma levels of PGC1α (Peroxisome proliferator 1a) in post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 30 male patients aged 45-60 years who underwent bypass surgery. The patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups, respectively. Subjects in interventional group were received aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week). Subjects in control group did not receive any intervention. To measure lymphocytes, fasting blood samples were taken 48 hours prior to the bigning of the first training session and also 48 hours after the last training session. PGC1α was measured using ELISA method. Results: Aerobic-resistance training caused a significant increase in plasma level of PGC1α in the training group compared to the control group (P

Objective (s): Hospital indicators are very important in indicating their performance. Indicators are used as a tool to compare the number of services, evaluate services, compare services with standards or compare them with previous years. The aim of this study was to determine performance indicators of hospitals in a number of teaching hospitals and comparing them with performance indicators of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2019 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that descriptively examined the performance indicators of 12 hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected by referring to statistical unit of health deputy and analyzed using SPSS22 software. Results: The ratio of active beds to fixed in 9 hospitals (75%), bed performance ratio, admission ratio per bed and average length of stay in 10 hospitals (83.3%) and bed turnover interval in 7 hospitals (58.4%) were desirable. The bed occupancy ratio in 7 hospitals (58.4%) was poor compared to the standards. Conclusion: The performance indicators of the hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were relatively good compared to the standards. However, there is a need for promotion and improvements. Therefore, it is necessary that managers take the necessary proceedings to increase hospitals’ performance indicators.

Objective: The present study intends to provide a model for knowledge flow in the banking industry by examining the existing models while evaluating the components involved in the knowledge flow. Method: This research is a descriptive-correlational research and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included the employees of the central offices of Bank Melli Iran, whose number is 2211 people. Using a Morgan table, a sample of 330 people was randomly selected from this population. Data collection tool is a 45-item researcher-made questionnaire in 8 dimensions, which was adjusted based on the Likert scale, the validity of this questionnaire was evaluated by two formal methods and factor analysis technique and its reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method, the results indicate the appropriate reliability and validity of the questionnaire. To analyze the research hypotheses, the method of structural equations using Smart PLS software has been used. Results: The components of knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, information technology infrastructure and flexible organizational structure Influence the flow of knowledge in the banking industry and the conceptual model of research is a good model for knowledge flow in the banking industry. Knowledge sharing with an impact factor of 0.379 has the greatest impact on knowledge flow status. Conclusion: The results show that the flow of knowledge in the banking industry is very necessary and this industry urgently needs to enter this field of study and operation. Knowledge management is also important in order to establish an effective flow of knowledge in the banking industry. Therefore, it is necessary for banks to first provide the necessary conditions for the effective flow of knowledge in the bank with proper knowledge management in the organization, and thus achieve better performance and profitability in this industry.

Feedwater supply for coastal desalination plants, powerplants and other coastal industries using marine intakes has become a common approach during last years. Besides providing water with high quality, intake design should be economically and environmentally acceptable too. The intakes are generally divided into two groups i.e. direct and indirect intakes. The efficiency of direct intakes is a function of sea conditions such as the changes in seawater level and the hydrodynamic of the waves and tides. In deep intakes, the size of the cap, changes in seawater level, and consequently changes in water inflow are challenging design parameters. Seawater level changes due to tides, and the potential effects of climate change and global warming can disrupt the functionality of deep intake systems. In this study, the effect of sea-level changes on the performance of deep intakes has been investigated by studying the hydraulics of the velocity cap along the nearfield. So, an experimental and computational fluid dynamics model has been developed to investigate flow regimes at the location of the velocity cap, vicinity of the surface, and at the sea floor. Density stratification, wave effects, and ambient current have been ignored, so the simulations only developed for stagnant and non-stratifield conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience between the components of dyadic Perfectionism and emotional divorce components. This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all married women living in the 13th district of Tehran in 2020, of which 360 were selected by available sampling method and they completed the Emotional Divorce Scale, Dyadic Perfectionism Scale and Resilience Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Path analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between all components of emotional divorce, resilience and all components of dyadic perfectionism (p

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an important foodborne pathogen that is of great importance in milk and its products. Despite the measures taken to eliminate and control Lm contamination in pasteurized milk products, but due to its high spread in the environment, there is a possibility of secondary contamination in products such as Ultra-filtered (UF) white cheese. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis on Lm in Ultra-filtered white cheese. Ultra-filtrated and pasteurized cow's milk was inoculated with 3 Log CFU/g of standard or native strains of Lm and control and treatment (containing nisin-producing L. lactis) cheese samples were manufactured. Changes in the population of Lm and nisin concentration were estimated throughout the storage period. According to the results, in all groups, the population of Lm began to decrease from day five onwards. Nonetheless, the decreasing trend in the treatment samples and in parallel with the production of nisin was significant (p < 0.01). The native strain of Lm was significantly (p < 0.01) more resistant than the standard one. Since the nisin-producing L. lactis, despite inhibiting Lm, did not negatively affect the growth of starter bacteria and the resulting pH decline of the cheese samples. Consequently, nisin-producing L. lactis can be used to control some bacterial contamination of the UF white cheese. It is also necessary to study the behavior of native strains isolated from food samples along with laboratory strains in inoculation studies.

Introduction: Considering the importance of creativity and in order to make the optimal use of medical universities to fulfill their missions, the present study was conducted to analyze the importance-performance drivers of staff creativity in medical universities. Methods: This study was a quantitative-qualitative study in which the importance-performance approach was used. In the present study, 10 experts in the field of resource management, human development and psychology, as well as 83 human resource managers of medical universities in the country were present. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was initially prepared using library resources and previous models. Then, according to the opinion of the participating experts, common factors were eliminated and finally, 10 factors were obtained as drivers of creativity. After that, quantitative indicators were determined for the identified factors, and the final questionnaire with 28 questions was provided for the human resources managers of the universities. Also, the content validity and construct validity of the questionnaire were calculated and confirmed. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was also obtained using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the importance of the factors was extracted, and in the end, the indicators were placed in the significance-performance matrix. Results: The mean age of managers participating in the study was 46.35 years, and the average age of their management in the field of human resources was 5.43 years. Among the drivers of creativity, leadership style, organizational structure, individual factors, paving the way for creativity in the individual, and support of senior management with loads of 0.70, 0.68, 0.68, 0.67 and 0.65 are the most important factors, respectively. The results of one-sample t-test also showed that apart from the two components of work complexity and organizational culture, the average of other drivers is significant compared to the hypothetical average, and for managers, the situation of these factors in the organization is somewhat favorable. Conclusion: Leadership style, organizational structure, individual factors, paving the way for creativity in the individual, and supporting senior management are effective and very important components in promoting and developing creativity in the health sector. In addition, for the optimal use of the creativity matrix, the type of organization and the importance-performance of each creativity strategy must be identified.

Mandala is one of Jung's most important archetypes associated with some numbers, geometric shapes and concepts, the most important of which is unity and the most prominent geometric shape of the circle that can be observed in art and literature. Kurdish. Child and adolescent storytellers have used mythological archives as a tool to enrich their stories. Mandala is one of the archetypes used in the stories of children and adolescents. Given that children's and adolescent writers tend to be mythical and need to be scientifically applied using this efficient tool, this paper has attempted a library-based approach with a descriptive-analytic approach. Examine Mandala in the stories of children and adolescents. For this purpose, Mandala is first briefly defined and then this type of archetype is analyzed in the stories of children and adolescents. Mandala appears to be expressed in the stories of children and adolescents in symbols such as time, moon, sun, cave, fountain, numbers, and circle. Research aims: 1. Presenting the analysis of Mandala patterns in the story of a child and adolescent. 2. A study of the function of Mandala in the story of a child and adolescent. Research questions: 1. In which ways did Mandala appear in the story of a child and adolescent? 2. What is the role of the mandala in the story of a child and adolescent?

Background: Organizational health is a competitive advantage and an important factor with regard to the effectiveness of hospitals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between organizational health and the degree of accreditation of hospitals in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Method: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally in 2019. The statistical population included the staff of selected hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated as 382 people and sampling was performed using multi-stage method. The data collection tool was the Standard Organizational Health Questionnaire. The validity of the administered questionnaire was confirmed using the experts’ opinions and reliability of these tools was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0. 88). The hospitals’ accreditation status was obtained from the Accreditation Office of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) by SPSS 16 software. Results: Findings showed a significant relationship between the organizational health and the degree of accreditation (one and two) )p < 0.05(. Meanwhile, the highest mean of organizational health was related to Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital with an average of 170.40, but the lowest mean was related to Dr. Moaven Sahneh Hospital with an average of 123.61). Conclusion: Given the significant relationship between organizational health and the degree of accreditation of hospitals, managers are recommended to make serious revisions in the accreditation process of health centers and take corrective actions regarding the points that can be improved, standard criteria, evaluation methods, and evaluators’ training.

Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion of services and Other operations that can improve logistics costs while improving quality, customer satisfaction and gaining new customers. The most effective solution to this business dilemma is to outsource logistics services based on long-term contracts provided by a third-party logistics service provider. These companies have specialized knowledge in the field of coordination of economic resources and can create new opportunities for producers. Third-party logistics service provider is an external supplier that manages controls and executes logistics activities on behalf of the customer. In this article, the 7 main dimensions of Third-Party logistics enablers have been enumerated by reviewing the research background, textual content analysis and specialized interviews with 16 logistics industry experts using MAXQDA software, then by using DEMATEL technique based on network analysis (DANP) and performing pairwise comparisons and implementations in Excel software, these weighting enablers and the relationships between them were discovered. To collect the data, a pair of researcher-made names were used, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers are: production, technical and marketing and sales empowerment, finance, manpower and strategic empowerment, respectively.

Background and Objective: Noise pollution is one of the serious environmental issue. Sound control technologies based on sound absorption and sound insulation are considered as the two widely used methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to modify silica aerogel nanocomposites to improve its acoustic properties. Materials and Methods: This applied experimental research involved in examining eight various types of nanocomposites to evaluate their performance of acoustic properties. In this study, nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel method. For this purpose, TEOS and ethanol were added to SiO2 which subsequently stirred and diluted with ethanol as a precursor of silica sol. A solution of 5.5 M ammonium hydroxide is added drop-wise to the silica sol and then was stirred. The activated silica sol was quickly poured into the mold in which the samples were placed and finally placed in an oven at 150 °C for 3 hours. The acoustic properties of the samples were measured by the impedance tube and the reduction sound pressure level using a sound level meter. Each sample morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The sound absorption properties of as prepared nanocomposite relatively increased at high frequencies. The results indicated > 0.6 sound absorption coefficient by the modified nanocopmosites at higher frequencies. The sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss of D1 nanocomposite were higher at medium and low frequencies as compared to other nanocomposites. 4.6 and 9.73 dB average reduction of sound pressure level were achieved by either with or without nanocomposite enclosure, respectively, at a distance of 1 meter. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that the simultaneous addition of organic and mineral materials to silica aerogels (especially with the highest amounts of nanoclay) improves its acoustic properties, especially at medium and low frequencies. Among the samples, D1 nanocomposite shows better acoustic properties at medium and low frequencies. The sound absorption coefficient of D1 nanocomposite at frequencies of 315, 400, 500, 1000, 1250, 2000 Hz were obtained as 0.27, 0.38, 0.51, 0.78, 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. The findings also indicated 9.37 dB reduction of sound pressure level using D1 nanocomposite.

Background: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polymeric resin of polyester group used in the manufacture of beverage bottles. Migration of PET ingredients such as acetaldehyde to the content of bottles has adverse effects on consumers’ health. The purpose of the present study is to measure acetaldehyde in bottles of water. Methods: A total of 36 bottles of water stored in PET from 12 commercial brands (6 brands from each mineral and drinking water) were collected from retail stage in Isfahan, Iran. Measurement of acetaldehyde was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were compared with the limit defined in standard of European Community in SPSS software using t-test. Findings: Acetaldehyde was found in 26 samples with the frequency of 72%. The average of this compound was 22.18 ± 6.79 and 6.36 ± 4.53 parts per billion (ppb) in mineral and drinking water, respectively. Acetaldehyde observed more in mineral water compared to drinking water samples. The amount of acetaldehyde was less than the limit defined in standard of European Community in all samples. Conclusion: According to the comparison of the measured values for acetaldehyde in mineral and drinking water in the present study with standard limit of European Community, it is recommended to perform the studies for risk assessment of different compounds migrated from bottles to their content and their effects on health.

Introduction: Ideational influence and social influence are among the indicators of scientometrics used to evaluate scientific publications. This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the scientific publications of Iranian researchers in the field of myocardial ischemic diseases indexed in the Scopus citation database. Methods: The present applied study was conducted through the scientometrics indicators of ideational and social influence. This study also employed the social network analysis to depict a co-author network. The statistical population included 6908 Iranian articles in the field of myocardial ischemic diseases in Scopus database from 2008 to 2017. Bibexcel, Pajek, and Vosviewer were used to analyze the data. Results: Indicators of social influence showed that the average degree of the centrality of myocardial ischemic diseases in Iran was 104.084, the average of the betweenness centrality was 0.061, and the average of the closeness centrality was 0.258. Analysis of the data related to the indicators of intellectual influence revealed that the H, G, and HC indices were 85, 62, and 167, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the fact that quality of publications in the field of myocardial ischemic diseases in Iran is not acceptable, the number of publications in this field is growing. The level of scientific collaboration is not acceptable as well. Conducting scientometrics studies in various fields of medical sciences using indicators such as ideational influence and social influence, and publicizing the results can make medical scientists aware of the real situation and position of their specialty around the world. Awareness of the results of scientific collaboration studies as well as the researchers’ studies introduces active and productive international scientists in the fields of scientific collaboration and the publication of more useful articles.

Background: Nonpuerperal uterine inversion is a rare medical condition that many gynecologists might not be encountered even with one case during their entire medical practice. It refers to the expulsion of uterine corpus from the dilated cervix resulting in uterus being turned inside out. There are two kinds of uterine inversion, puerperal and non-puerperal, which the second condition is less common. Acute uterine inversion usually presented by crampy abdominal or pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, anemia, and even symptoms of severe sepsis. We describe a case of uterine inversion in a postmenopausal woman. Case Presentation: A 66 years old grand multiparous woman (6 normal vaginal delivery) who was menopause since 15 years ago, was referred to the emergency unit of an academic hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences at October 2016 due to postmenopausal uterine bleeding, cramp-like abdominal pain and mass protrusion from the vagina. The vital sign was stable at the first visit but a big non-necrotizing red vaginal mass was protruded from vaginal opening that connected to other soft intravaginal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the dilated vaginal cuff and some air-fluid levels in the uterine cavity. The patient referred to the operative room and vaginal myomectomy was done with diagnosis of pedunculated submocusal leiomyoma. Then, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed after the correction of uterine inversion by abdominoperineal approach. Conclusion: Acute uterine inversion is a potentially dangerous condition (due to vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal or pelvic pain, and the possibility of uterine necrosis and even systemic infection). This condition should be considered as an important differential diagnosis as a vaginal mass in the post-menopausal period.

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and is the leading cause of death from single-agent infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic costs of this disease and its effective factors in Hamadan province. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a cross-sectional (two-year time scale) study in 2014 and 2015. The population of this study is tuberculosis patients in Hamadan province. Data extraction was performed by examining the file of patients with tuberculosis in urban and rural health centers and patients of hospital in Hamadan. Also, using a logistic model and Stata 15, social factors and households that are more likely to be exposed to this disease were studied. Results: A total of 173 tuberculosis patients were identified, with an estimated cost of treatment of 8307 million IRR. Also, the results of the Logit model showed that people living in the city over 65, low educated, and people with HIV The order of 22, 14, 18, and 6 percent would be greater than the likelihood of exposure to tuberculosis. Conclusion: The cost of tuberculosis, in addition to allocating a significant amount of health resources in the province, also imposes a high burden on households. The social and economic consequences of these costs lead to many abnormalities such as the exclusion of women with a family or the abandonment of the children of affected people.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of positive buoyancy jets of urban wastewater in stationary and non-stratified water bodies using the investigation of the laboratory data acquired by a 3D-LIF laser 3D scanning system and numerical modeling results from the simulation by FLOW-3D software. Laboratory simulation was performed for three discharge jets with Froude numbers 10, 15, and 20, and compared with the results of the numerical model and the previous numerical results. The trajectory of the jet, concentration variations, the position of the impact point, and the rate of dilution at the impact point was determined. In the numerical model, both K-Ɛ and RNG turbulence models were used to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation where the K-Ɛ results were closer to laboratory results and are capable of accurately modeling the jet trajectory than the RNG model. By different Froud numbers, the results at Fr = 20 are almost the same for all experimental and numerical states and indicating that by increasing the discharge and Froud number, the accuracy of the results in the numerical model increases and present closer results to the experimental model.

Objective: This study was carried out to examine the relationship between organizational indifference, organizational justice, and organizational belonging among librarians and employees at the Astan-e Quds Razavi’s Organization for Libraries, Museums, and Document Centers. Organizational indifference occurs when a person, after a long-lasting setback, loses hope of fulfilling his or her goal or goals in a particular situation and decides to distance himself/herself from the origin of the failure. Organizational justice is an important driver for employees, and when people feel wronged, productive behaviors such as fatigue, boredom, absenteeism, etc. occur. All of this paves the way for organizational indifference. Methodology: This research is a descriptive survey and an applied one, and the research design is survey and content analysis. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire. To determine the total number of samples was determined using the statistical sample is proportional to the population size is considered. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics have been used. The case study was determined for our statistical population of 470 librarians and employees at the Astan-e Quds Razavi’s Organization for Libraries, Museums, and Document Centers. Statistical analyses for the 192 questionnaires were performed in LISREL. Findings: The results showed a significant negative relationship between organization indifference and organizational belonging and justice, the former being stronger (-.095 compared to -0.15). In other words, an increase in organization justice and belonging reduces organizational indifference. Indifference is a kind of silent crisis, slow decline, and continuous, silent destruction that suppresses creativity and risk-taking, and reduces organizational belonging. Organizational justice and organizational belonging are two influential factors in organizational indifference. Among the dimensions of organizational justice, distributive justice has a significant relationship with the components of organizational indifference such as scheduling satisfaction and pay satisfaction. Also, all dimensions of organizational belonging have a significant effect on organizational indifference. Organizational participation, with a coefficient equal to 81 percent, has the largest impact on the level of organizational indifference. Conclusion: This study conducted a comprehensive investigation using different factors in order to identify the relationship between and internal organization variables and organizational indifference. These findings could be used to improve staff performance. Therefore, the administrative director of Astan-e Quds Razavi’s Organization for Libraries, Museums, and Document Centers recommended that By paying special attention to the changing organizational justice and belonging; provide Terms of to reduce Organizational indifference staff in the organization.

Introduction: Patient safety culture is an important factor in reducing hospital's adverse event and improving patient safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patient safety culture and adverse events in hospitals of Hamadan city. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study which was performed in hospitals of Hamadan in 2018. The study population consisted of nurses working in hospitals. The patient safety culture questionnaire and adverse event checklist were used for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by 650 nurses. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the variables. Results: The highest mean score of patient safety culture was related to the dimension of organizational learning, and the lowest score was for exchange and transfer of information. 35.4 percent of nurses said they had seen at least one patient fall in the past year (the least adverse event). Moreover, 51.9 percent of nurses stated that at least one pressure ulcer, or a complaint by a patient or his/her family had happened at their workplace in the past year (the most adverse event). Finally, the mean score of the patient safety culture had a significant relationship with the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: This study confirms the patient safety culture as a predictor of adverse events. Hence, health officials and hospital administrators should provide prerequisites for promoting patient safety culture and reducing adverse events through different strategies, such as encouraging adverse events reporting as well as holding nurse training courses. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.

In todaychr('39')s society where the media play an active role in changing cultures, preparing students for active engagement with the media is one of the important tasks of the formal education system, which requires the development of a comprehensive media literacy curriculum. In this regard, the present study is a directed qualitative content- analysis that identifies and explains the educational goals of the ‘media literacy’ training program with emphasis on the Holy Quran.The statistical population of the study consisted of all verses of the Holy Quran, and the verse was considered as the sampling unit. Using targeted sampling method and Quranic Nur al-Anawar software, the keywords related to media and media literacy were searched for in the Quran, and the relevant verses were collected. The sentence was considered as the analysis unit. The compiled verses and sentences were categorized using components of media literacy, namely Access and Use, Analysis, Evaluation, Production and Active Treatment with media messages.Then, using coding of the sentences, the concept of media literacy and the related educational goals were identified from the Qurchr('39')an’s viewpoint. Based on the findings, in the selected verses, the components of Production, Evaluation, Active Treatment, Access and Use and Analysis have been given the most attention respectively. Totally, sixteen general themes were extracted for five components of media literacy. Among the themes, most attention has been paid to the characteristics of the messenger, the disadvantages of producing and publishing the message, the characteristics of the effective message and the importance of intellection respectively. Finally, according to the themes, twenty-two educational goals were proposed.

Introduction: Tissue engineering is the repair and replacement of damaged tissues and requires a combination of cells, growth factor and porous scaffolds. Scaffolds, as one of the main components in tissue engineering, are used as a template for tissue regeneration and induction and guidance of growth of the new and biologically active tissues. An ideal scaffold in tissue engineering, imitating an extracellular matrix, provides a suitable environment for adhesion, growth and cell proliferation. Scaffolds have also been used as the carriers for the controlled delivery of drugs and proteins. Variety of porous scaffolds, fabricated from biological and synthetic materials and using different manufacturing methods, have been introduced. Among them nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted great attention due to remarkable advantages including the highly porous three-dimensional structure with interconnected cavities which enable the transportation of food and waste materials, as well as high surface to volume ratio. So far, different methods and techniques have been introduced for production of scaffolds with structures similar to the extracellular matrix. Amongst them electrospinning, due to easiness and more control over effective parameters, are preferred. The present study make a review about the used materials and various methods of nanofibrous scaffold fabrication using electrospinning technology, with emphasis on the use of tissue engineering application. It also discussed about the progress and challenges ahead and the goals and perspective presented for this approach.

Background: Khuzestan Province is one of the most important provinces of Iran in the field of livestock breeding. On the other hand, the infection of sheep with ticks that are important carriers of human and animal pathogens is significant. Ticks can act as carriers of parasites, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsia. The aim of this study was to determine the variety of ticks on sheep in this province. Methods: The ticks were collected from sheep body in 9 cities of Khuzestan Province. They were then transferred to the laboratory in 70% ethanol. Subsequently, sex, genus, and species were identified under a stereomicroscope with diagnostic keys. Findings: A total of 2,722 collected ticks and species of ixodid ticks from 4 genera were identified (1552 male and 1170 female ticks). Hyalomma anatolicum was found as the most abundant tick (52%), whereas Rhipicephalus sanguineus (30%) and Hyalomma excavatum (9%) were also prevalent in this south-west region of Iran. Other observed ticks were Hyalomma asiaticum (8%) and Hakea sulcata (1%). Conclusion: According to the prevalence of Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus ticks, further studies on the control of ticks based on their genetic differences are recommended.

A Survey of Waste Management Status in Selected Hospitals in Isfahan Mirzaii Hiwa1, Shaarbafchi Zadeh Nasrin2*, Hamidi Farshad3, Rahmani Keyvan4, Darabi Marjan5, Ezatifard Akram5 1. BSc in Health Services Management, Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2. Assistant Professor in Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3. MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Ph.D. Student in Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 5. MSc Student in Health Services Management, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding Author: Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh Address: Hezar Jarib Ave., School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Tel: 00983137925174 Email: nshaarbafchi@gmail.com Abstract: Background & Objectives: The development of various health care facilities has increased the production of medical wastes, which has contributed to environmental pollution and dramatic increase in waste management costs; therefore, the efficient management of hospital waste is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the waste management status of selected hospitals in Isfahan. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive. In this study, using the checklist provided by Environmental Protection Agency, the data of 14 university hospitals and 1 private hospital were collected. The validity and reliability of the checklist were assessed. Descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage of compliance with the standard were calculated. Results: The average medical waste generated was 379.28 kg / day for each hospital. Moreover, the lowest and highest rates of compliance with standard questions were observed in waste disposal unit (98%) and waste loading (100%), respectively. The studied hospitals performed well in terms of volume and type of waste produced and waste management process. Conclusion: In large hospitals, at-source waste separation is more necessary. Implementing waste management guidelines, procedures, and policies is also crucial, and hospitals need to follow the move from theory to practice to reduce the amount of medical waste and reduce costs. Key­words: Waste Management, University Hospital, Private Hospital, Medical Waste ­Citation: Mirzaii H, Shaarbafchi zadeh N, Hamidi F, Rahmani K, Darabi M, Ezatifard A. A Survey of Waste Management Status in Selected Hospitals in Isfahan. Journal of Health Based Research 2020; 5(4): 343-53. [In Persian]

Opinion on the concept of state has a deep root in the history of western political thought. Although there have been brief and marginal studies in this area in ancient Greece, we notice more attention to the concept of state and its coordinates since the Renaissance. Germany, during eighteenth century, is one of the most important arenas on this concept. As one of its thinkers and contemporary of Hegel, Schopenhauer has also paid attention to the issue of state during his discussions. The problem of the present study is the nature of state in Schopenhauer's political thought. The hypothesis of the present paper is that Schopenhauer's theory of state as opposed to Hegelian thought, rejects the totalitarian and the Hegelian ideal state on one hand, and, based on the rule of the concept of evil and how he views metaphysics in its philosophical apparatus on the other hand, takes on a minimalist and protective nature.

Hyrcanian forests, which are located mainly on the northern slopes of Alborz are very important in terms of their specific features. Consequently, studying the evolution of these forest communities and their vegetative status can help planners and managers in tending forest stands. Growth and product models, which describe the dynamics of the forest, are widely employed in forest management to predict future products and to study management options. This study was conducted in Jojadeh section of Farim forest in northern Iran. Individual tree growth models including individual tree diameter growth, individual tree height growth, individual tree survival growth and individual tree regeneration growth were investigated in this study using 313 permanent sample plots (0.1 ha) in two 10-year periods. Competition in the stand was investigated by basal area and basal area large in the stand. Results showed that in the diameter model, the increase in diameter up to 90 cm was dependent on the diameter at breast height i.e. the diameter growth increased with the tree diameter; however, it decreased after attainment of 90 cm diameter. Oak and Maple trees had the highest diameter growth. In the height model, species type had no effect on the height model. In the survival model, the survival probability of alder species were lower than other species. In addition, the regeneration decreased with the basal area of stand in the regeneration model. in the present study, we have attempted to present models that estimate and measure theexact diametergrowth, regenerationand survival without regard to age

Introduction Glycyrrhiza glabra is a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its pharmacological value. Its value has been proved such as anti-cough, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial and antioxidant effects. Materials and Methods In this study the effect of a glycyrrhizin component of HMGB1's microglia product becomes in the survey, at terms of informative mediating on in vitro modeling that have six groups (with three replications). In negative control group no Gly and LPS was involved. In positive control group, the cells were induced with LPS and no Gly, and in 3, 4, 5 and 6 groups 0.2, 0.4, 1.2 and 4 µg/ml Gly were added respectively. The amounts of HMGB1 were measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours with the sandwich ELISA kit. Results At all three times, the HMGB1 were decreased with increasing Gly, but in 24 h between 0.2 and 1.2 concentrations and in 72 h between positive control and 0.2 no significant difference were found. So it is concluded that this amount should be increased for the effective dose. Conclusion Along with previous studies, Glycyrrhizin reduced the production of HMGB1 in the microglial cell line.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to introduce a new model for indicator of letters in office automation of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present study was an applied research and a developmental study in which old automation method has been modified to new model. Regarding to the dispersion of codes assigned to letters, there was no specific order in the codes of both old and new units defined in the system, and firstly, the letter indicators in the office automation system of university in combination with letters and numbers was done without classification, the decision was made to correct it in the office automation system. In new model, numbering the correspondence based on frequency of each university unitchr('39')s subdivision was described and proposed model was presented. Results: According to the new numerical model, integrated codes were assigned which were entirely numerical or the combination of numbers. Due to the abundance of units covered by the university, the research centers allocate the largest number to themselves. Therefore, a larger range of indicator codes for these units was considered than for other sections. Conclusion: This model provides a new model for implementation of office automation indicator code in Tehran University of Medical Sciences and facilitates the search of letters based on the defined number.

DOR: 98.1000/2383-1251.1398.6.65.11.1. 1578.1585 Extended Abstract Introduction: Understanding the complex characteristics that control the life span of the seed has ecological, agricultural and economic importance. Inappropriate storage conditions after harvesting destroy a large part of annual yield partly due to microbial activity in the storage. Damage from storage fungi varies based on the climatic conditions, crops and storage facilities. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage conditions and initial seed moisture content on the growth of storage fungi and also the relationship between the degree of contamination with fungi and the quality and biochemical changes of the seeds. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design to assess the impact of storage fungi on soybean seed deterioration at different storage conditions. The treatment included three degrees of initial seed moisture content including low moisture content (10%), medium moisture content (12%) and high moisture content (14%) as the first factor. Moreover, two storage conditions including the seed storage in Moghan and controlled seed storage in Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute were considered as the second factor. Soybean seeds of Williamschr('39')s cultivar were investigated for the infection of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium and Penicillium fungi and also related biochemical traits and seed quality such as germination percent, seedling vigor index, soluble sugar and total protein. Results: The results of this experiment showed that the increase of the seed moisture content by 14% can significantly decrease the seed quality. Therefore, the seed moisture content of 14% was identified as unsuitable moisture for the storage of soybean seeds. In addition, the infection with storage fungi has a direct relationship with the degree of seed moisture and seeds with high moisture content are rapidly attacked by the storage fungi which can decrease seed quality and viability. Moreover, the Aspergillus niger infection increased from 27.5 to 43.75 and the germination percent decreased from 52.5 to 23 percent in seeds with a moisture content of 14% in Moghan storage, as compared with the controlled storage. Furthermore, this study showed that when the percentage of storage fungi increases, the soybean seed deterioration increases. Studying the biochemical changes of deteriorated seeds during the storage showed that as the aging of the seeds increases, soluble sugars and protein percentage decrease. The amounts of soluble sugars and total protein of the seed were significantly lower in seeds maintained under unsuitable conditions. Furthermore, the content of soluble sugars and total protein decreased significantly by the increase of the seed moisture, which resulted in the increase in seed deterioration. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, initial seed moisture and storage conditions are two important determinants of fungi infestation during storage, which can affect the content of soluble sugars and total protein causing seed deterioration, seed vigor and viability. It can be concluded that the soybean seed moisture content of 12%, which is the standard moisture content of soybean seed production in Iran, is regarded as suitable moisture for seed storage. Highlights: Introduction of proper storage conditions and initial seed moisture in order to decrease fungal damage and soybean seed deterioration. Determination of different fungal damages during the storage of soybean seeds. Determination of relationship between the degree of soybean seed infection of storage fungi and the seed’s quality, its amount of protein and soluble sugars.

Background: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain caused by damage to the central nervous system and the peripheral. Caffeine is a non-selective antagonist of A1, A2a, receptors of adenosine, which has a protective effect on neuropathic pain in some doses by inhibiting A2a, A2b receptors. Considering that the nitric oxide (NO) levels are apparently effective in the parts of caffeine central effects, thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic caffeine administration on the hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats and levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 adult male rats weighing 220-250 gr. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8). The control group, which did not intervene on the sciatic nerve, the sham group, which the animals were surgically implanted but the sciatic nerve was not tied, the CCI group and test groups received oral doses of caffeine orally (100 and 300 mg/L) for 28 days. Hyperalgesia was measured in all groups with Plantar test on days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. The levels of NOx were measured by the Griess method in lumbar spinal cord tissue on day 28. Results: Neuropathic rats showed decreased pain thresholds in hyperalgesia. Chronic caffeine at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/L in drinking water for 28 days significantly alleviated hyperalgesia (P

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the amount of attention to validity assessment process of research tools, by reviewing the articles published in knowledge & information science journals in Iran over past 10 years. In this research, articles of 8 Persian scientific and research journals in the field of knowledge & information science in Iran, published between 2006 to 2015, were analyzed in a content analysis method. In total, 1763 research articles related to 211 issues of journals were analyzed and research tools and methods for determining the validity of research tools investigated. According to research findings, there was no reference to validity of research tools in 36.87% of reviewed articles. In 23.22% of articles, only validity of research tools was confirmed but the method and procedure for determining validity were not mentioned. In 4.31% of articles, researchers stated that validity of research tools was confirmed in previous studies and therefore they did not consider the validity. In 375 articles (32.38%), the method of determining validity of tools was mentioned. In terms of the methods used to measure validity of tools, results indicated that 16.66% of articles evaluated their tool validity by face validity and 20.30% by content validity method. Of other types of validity, the criterion validity was lowest, and only 2 articles (0.17%) used this method to assess validity of their tools. 5.26% of articles also used construct validity, which has highest level of validity. Also, results showed that a very small number of journals in the research population have published articles related to psychometrics of research tools. Therefore, the knowledge & information science journals are required to pay more attention to publish articles related to validity assessment of research tools for more familiarity with this process and its importance in designing tools by researchers. Also, journals in this area should be more sensitive on report of validity assessment process of research tools in the methodology section of articles in the process of reviewing articles.

Background: Cost-benefit decision-making is a one of the decision-making models in which the animal achieves a final benefit (reward) by evaluating the cost (effort or delay). The role of different brain regions such as nucleus accumbens in this process has been proven. Orexin is a neuropeptide expressed exclusively by lateral hypothalamus area neurons and orexin-producing neurons project their axons throughout the brain such as nucleus accumbens. The nucleus accumbens is a region of neural system that serves effort-based decision-making and orexin 1 receptor is distributed extensively throughout nucleus accumbens. Different physiological acts for erixin have been shown including cognitive actions and rewards. Since there is limited knowledge about this subject, this study aimed to examine the effect of orexin 1 receptor in the nucleus accumbens shell on effort-based decision-making. Materials and Methods: In this study, T-maze was used to investigate cost-benefit decision-making based on effort, and the effect of SB334867 (30, 100, 300 nM/0.5µlDMSO), as selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist, within the nucleus accumbens shell was examined. Results: SB334867 300 nM/0.5µl DMSO (injection in the shell of nucleus accumbens) significantly decreased the percentage of high reward choice (P

Permission is one of the most referenced code in Islamic legal system and is also usedin jurisprudence. Marriage is one of those subjects in which the permission is extensively present as for the permission of father as a legal guardian and permission for the mature virgin or the permission of the spouse. In this article we are Going to answer this questionHave multiple permissions got the same effect? If there is equality among permissions so what would be the effect of each case? And what would be the benefit of diagnosing the different effects of permission in terms of marriage? Having multiple effects of Izn (permission), this research also proves that there are two kinds of permission called subrogating and permissible on which the effect of permission is to be distinctive upon the authorized person who permits and the person who is being permitted ( Azen and Ma’zoon). If the effect of permission is subrogated, depending on the case, the type of relationship would be to substitute for another; otherwise the person who is being authorized would be permitted to marry. This research is conducted by the means of library resources, mainly jurisprudential, through the descriptive-analytical method.

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective: Mental impairment of a child can have a negative impact on the health of the mother as his primary caregiver. Spiritual health is one of the dimensions of health that has recently been considered by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychological well-being and quality of life with spiritual health in mothers with mentally disabled children in Rasht city. Method: The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. To conduct this research, 150 mothers of mentally retarded children who were studying at a school in Rasht in the academic year of 2017-1018 were selected by available sampling method. After being briefed, they were included in the research and completed Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36), and Spiritual Health Scale (SWB). The data were analyzed using regression analysis. In this research, all the Ethical issues were observed and authors declared no conflicts of interest. Results: The results of this study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and spiritual well-being (r=.76, P

Background: Ovarian fibroma is the most common benign solid tumor of the ovary. The most common symptoms are abdominal discomfort and pain. Ovarian fibroids are associated with Meigs syndrome in 1% to 10% of cases. The aim of study is report of a case of Meigs syndrome Case presentation: A 65-year-old menopausal woman who complained of abdominal pain was referred to our academic hospital of Mashhad, Iran, in April 2018. In abdominal examination, a soft mass with size of 200×100 mm, was detected. Also leukocytosis and increase in CRP was observed. Marker CA125 was higher than 200. In CT scan in right adnexa heterogeneous mass 170×100 mm with enhancement was reveled. pleural effusion was reported in the both lungs and collapse of underlying lung tissue in Chest X-ray. Explorative laparotomy was performed. Ascites and inflamed omentum covered the surface of right ovary was detected. The huge solid-cystic hemorrhagic, irregular mass with a specific pedicle that enclosed in the capsule in right adnexa was seen. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The result of final pathologic was benign proliferative lesions of mitotic fibroblasts were reported according to ovarian fibroma. Conclusion: In case of accompanying ovarian mass with ascites and pleural effusion, after the exclude of ovarian malignancies, Meigs syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis.

This paper presents the effect of hydrodynamic parameters of the two-body converters of a point wave absorber on the amount of power output. This converter includes two submerged and floating bodies which are connected to the spring-damper system. The whole of the converter is connected to the sea bed by mooring catenary. The relative displacement of the floating body and the submerged body is the main factor in generating electrical energy. Since the calculation of hydrodynamic coefficients has a significant effect on the solution of dynamic equations, this study focused on the calculation of added mass and hydrodynamic damping by boundary element method using the ANSYS-AQWA software. Also, this paper investigates the effect of floating borehole geometry on the hydrodynamic parameters and the extracted power of the converter using complementary analysis on the domain of time and frequency. Comparison of numerical simulation outputs and the results from the laboratory work which had carried out by Sandiego researchers in 2011, shows the suitable accuracy of the simulation. According to the results, with the two meters increase in buoy diameter, the power output will increase by 20%, and the output power for the half- conical is 17% more than the hemisphere.

Smart city has shown a new form of life development in recent years and has been proposed as an effective approach to better urban management. Conceptually, in these types of cities, the interactions between the new technologies, the new organizations and the new constructive cities of smart cities have been integrated into the social and technical system. The goal of smart city is to realize the integration of urban business, transportation, water, energy and other urban sub-systems through the integration and analysis of data collected through sensors and information and communication technology (ICTs). In this paper, a hybrid structure is proposed using cloud computing and cloud processing and Internet technology for development and management of smart cities and urban planning. In addition, an assessment of sensor development and analysis, and the purpose of building smart cities as well as supporting technologies in these types of cities have been investigated. The present study aims at defining and reviewing large data and objects of the Internet and cloud computing, and identifying existing challenges and constraints. The proposed model structure has 3 layers: the first layer has the task of collecting large data sources and producing content. The second layer is responsible for linking and enhancing sensors and managing data and data processing using the Hadoop architecture. The third layer is responsible for applications and how to use the results and analytical data. The implementation of this system involves various stages of generating, collecting, integrating, classifying, processing, calculating and deciding information. Based on the information and analysis collected and the architecture of the system in question, the system uses Hadoop single-player in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. It has been developed with 3.2 GHZ x4 processors and 4 GB of memory. Ultimately, this article has created a new way in the Internet context of objects, where data is gathered from different geographic locations using devices and sensors, and it uses a new system designed and cloud computing services in a city to analyze and cause smart decision making for smart city management and welfare of citizens.

Introduction: Nurses are considered as the major part of the human resources of the health system. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of working life and job satisfaction of nurses in teaching hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The study is descriptive-analytic. A total of 269 nurses from Hamadan hospitals were randomly selected. The collection tools were two job satisfaction questionnaires and quality of working life with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 94.9 and 81 respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 using t-test, ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between quality of working life and job satisfaction (P

Background and Aim: Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents impose high costs on individuals, families and society, and are associated with significant problems in the future. The purpose of this study was to conduct the epidemiological study on psychiatric disorders in children between 6 and 18 years of age in Kurdistan Province in 2016. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kurdistan Province in 2016. Using random cluster sampling and systematic method, 1016 people were selected and examined for psychiatric disorders by using a digital version of the K-SADS. Result: The results showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the children and adolescents in Kurdistan Province in 2016 was 33.8% (34.4% of the boys and 33.1% of the girls). Anxiety disorders (21.9%) and behavioral disorders (16.3%) had the highest prevalence rates. Abuse disorders (0.7%) and psychotic disorders (0.9%) had the lowest prevalence rates respectively. The highest prevalence rates belonged to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (11.6%), oppositional defiant disorder (8.9%) and specific phobia (8.8%) respectively. Autism disorders (0.1%), substance use disorders (0.1%) and incopresis (0.1%) had the lowest prevalence rates. Conclusion: At least 33% of the children and adolescents in Kurdistan Province needed psychiatric outpatient and inpatient services. Awareness of this issue is essential to develop policies on prevention of mental illness, promotion of general health and provision of mental health services to people in Kurdistan Province. We should consider mental disorders of childhood and adolescence as a key risk factor for the future psychiatric problems.

The effects of Conocarpus erectus, Paulownia fortunei extracts and their mixture (50%+50%) on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and non-specific immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied. Fish were divided into 4 four experimental groups fed diets with 0% (T1), 1% of conocarpus extract (T2), 1% of paulownia extracts (T3) and their mixture (T4) for 30 days. One- hundred and eighty fish (57.00± 4.09 g) were randomly stocked in twelve 70-L Aquarium assigned into three treatments and a control group. The growth performance was significantly increased in all herbal extracts fed fish compared to the control (P < 0.05); the highest value was obtained by treatment 4. The food conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in all experimental treatments compared to control. The digestive enzymes levels revealed significant increment in fish fed 1% Paulownia extract (T3) in comparison with the other treatments and control. There were no significant difference in protein and albumin levels of fish blood serum in different experimental treatments and control (P > 0.05). While, glucose and hemoglobin levels were significantly increased in fish fed diets containing plant extract. The results of this experiment showed that the use of conocarpus and paulownia extracts can improve the growth, digestive enzymes and non-specific immunity of the O. mykiss.

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown that antidiabetic drugs can inhibit cancer cells proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of metformin on cervical cancer (Hela) cells in comparison with non-cancerous kidney cells (Hek293). Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, Hela and Hek293 cells were purchased from Pasteur Institute Cell Bank and divided into group receiving metformin (at doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml) and control group. Cytotoxic effect of metformin on cell line, was measured using MTT assay method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Exposure of Hela cells to 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml of metformin resulted in significant decrease in cell viability compared to the control group, however, exposure of Hek293 cells to metformin concentrations did not significantly change cell viability. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that exposure to metformin can reduce viability of cervical cancer cells but had no significant cytotoxic effects on non-cancerous cells. Accordingly, use of metformin should be considered for treatment and prevention of cervical cancer.

Background: Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia that results from abnormal depolarization of the atrium. Atrial fibrillation occurs in 5–40 of patients with cardiovascular bypass surgery, usually occurs on 2 to 4 days postoperatively. The aim of this study was Effect of variability of central venous pressure values to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass grafting. Methods: The present clinical trial study was performed on 150 patients undergoing cardiac surgery referred to Ayatollah Rohani Hospital of Babol. Patients were divided into 3 groups, with normal range pressure (8 to 12 mmHg), low pressure (less than 8), high pressure (greater than 12) based on central venous pressure measurements. Patients were evaluated every 4 hours to 72 hours for central venous pressure, AF incidence and urine output. Finally, the data are analyzed by spss statistical software. Results: In this study 79 (52.7) patients were male and 71 (47.3) were female. In examining changes in central venous pressure, the time effect also significantly increased central venous pressure. The results of independent t-test showed that the mean of central venous pressure changes in subjects with at day 16, second day at 16, 20, 24, third day at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours Atrial fibrillation. Significantly more than those without atrialfibrillation (P

The case report: The coexistence of physiological changes during pregnancy and infection can sometimes create challenges in the management of these patients. In this report, a term pregnant woman with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection was admitted to the ICU and underwent cesarean section (C-section) under intrathecal anesthesia according to the patient's condition. Severe respiratory distress occurred to the patient on the first day after C-section, and the patient's pulmonary parameters were measured with a non-invasive ventilation monitor. It gradually improved during the four days after the C-section. The C-section reduced the lung performance for 24 hours in a patient with COVID-19 infection, but eventually the lung symptoms improved.