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1.INTRODUCTION It is very important to pay attention to non-linguistic categories in studies in the field of linguistics, including applied studies. Paying attention to the context and the human element along with interpersonal relationships in the analysis of texts leads to the achievement of hidden and unspoken meanings that, although apparently not mentioned in the word, but they are an integral part of it. These unspoken and implicit meanings, known as "conversational implicative", "follow a violation of Grace's principles of cooperation." The current article tries to examine the communicative implication and implicit and implicit meanings in the two areas of ethical concepts of Nahj Al-Balaghah by descriptive-analytical method and by pragmatic reading in order to better understand and interpret them. To conduct this research, 71 sentences on the subject of language pests, kindness and goodness were selected and analyzed. The result of the research showed that Imam with a deep insight and according to the circumstances, have used more words and expressions that are a subset of the measurement and general implication. The multiplicity of metaphorical implications in the studied phrases indicates the precise determination of the status and position of affairs and the existence of more general implications in wise sentences indicates the importance of the content of the word. Among the characteristics of implication, it was concluded that the non-elimination of implication is a reason to prove the claim of Imam and shows the stability of his belief throughout Nahj Al-Balaghah and the apparent change of expressions due to the appropriateness of words with the situation is different.The most important implications of conversational implicate according to George Yule are "Generalized conversational implicate", "scalar implicate", "Particularized conversational implicate "which is opposed to agreement implication or "conventional implicate ". In public communication implication, the realization of the necessary inferences does not require any background knowledge of the context of the passages. In meteorological implications, speech is usually calculated based on a value scale. In this case, when producing a piece of speech, the speaker chooses the word that contains the most accurate information according to the conditions. Conversations often take place in very specific contexts in which situational inferences are assumed. Such inferences are necessary to understand the conveyed meanings that originate from specific communication implications. Unlike communication implications, conventional implications are not based on principles of cooperation or solutions. Conventional implications do not necessarily occur in the heart of the conversation, and their interpretation does not require a specific context. 2. METHODThe present study tries to study the noble text of Nahj Al-Balaghah with a descriptive-analytical method and shows how a pragmatic reading based on the implications and guarantees of communication leads to the discovery of the implicit meanings of this revered book. The required data and information were extracted from the moral phrases of Nahj al-Balaghah in the two subjects of the pests of language and benevolence and goodness based on the book "Al-Ma'jum Al-Mawdu'i lunjah Al-Balaghah'' written by Owais Karim Mohammad. In the light of a pragmatic reading to identify, hidden communication implications let us deal with these concepts and in this way gain a deeper understanding and interpretation of it. 3 . CONCLUSIONBy examining the types of implications in 71 examples of ethical expressions about the pests of language and benevolence, it is concluded that the generalized conversational implicature and scalar implicature are higher than other implications. The reason for this is the large number of audiences who, after accepting the religion, did not have enough information about its minor matters and sought its real limits and status. For this reason, Imam as a leader has used scalar words to explain things accurately in order to convey the truth of the matter to the audience by measuring them and determining their position. As can be seen in the research examples, most of the implications are in the wisdoms of this noble book, so the existence of a conversational implicature in the words of wisdom, which is a sensible speech, far from obscure, prudent, and convincing, implies prudence and persuasion. He has a deep thought of Imam. On the other hand, in most cases, the lack of elimination of communication implications is a reason for the truth of their words, and this is effective in gaining more audience trust. Finally, it is concluded that there is always a demand for knowledge for the audience of Nahj Al-Balaghah, that is why this noble book, with its implicit meanings and conversational implicative, has always been able to work with the artist as much as possible. Be open to your audience anytime, anywhere.

مقدمه: پزشکان نیاز به ابزارهای شخصی‌سازی شده دارند که با دسترسی مناسب به اطلاعات بیماران، به آن‌ها در اتخاذ مناسب‌ترین تصمیم بالینی کمک نماید. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی اقلام داده‌ای مهم برای طراحی پنل میز کار الکترونیکی پزشک در سیستم اطلاعات بیمارستانی بود. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی در بیمارستان‌های تحت پوشش دو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان و زاهدان انجام شد. جامعه تحقیق، کلیه پزشکان در سطوح مختلف بودند. روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای و تصادفی با حداقل حجم نمونه 3 تا 5 نفر در هر گروه تخصصی در نظر گرفته شد. طی دو فاز پیاپی، ابتدا حداقل داده‌های ضروری از طریق مراجع معتبر مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت و سپس نظرات از طریق مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه جمع‌آوري گردید. یافته‌ها: 298 متغیر به عنوان اقلام داده‌ای شناسایی و در پرسش‌نامه‌های اختصاصی در 18 گروه پزشکی و از 70 نفر پزشک نظرخواهی گردید. از کل اقلام، 57 قلم داده‌ای از نظر همه پزشکان مشترک بود و سایر اقلام غیر مشترک بین 5 تا 45 مورد انتخاب و در سه سطح اولویت‌بندی شد. نتیجه‌گیری: دسترسی به داده‌های بالینی بیماران برای پزشکان اهمیت فراوانی دارد و لازم است پنل میز کار پزشک به شکل یک ابزار روزمره برای آن‌ها قابل استفاده گردد.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for evaluating the effectiveness of risk management according to the environmental characteristics and conditions of the banking industry. Unlike previous studies, all aspects of risk have been considered in this study. Also, given that the Basel Committee Statements provide minimal requirements for determining the financial health of banks, this study intends to evaluate indicators for assessing the effectiveness of bank's risk management, taking into account Basel Committee statements, International financial reporting standards for banks and COSO Committee statements. Methods: In this research, a qualitative method and a grounded theory-based approach have been used. For this purpose, an integrated model of risk management effectiveness has been Provided by obtaining the opinions of banking industry experts, and in particular members of the Bank Risk Committee, while extracting the risks of the banking industry as well as factors affecting the effectiveness of risk management. Results: The results of the study showed that the country's banks are exposed to financial, operational, strategic, business and eventual risks. The findings showed that the effectiveness of risk management can be assessed by 47 indicators in financial, operational, strategic, business and event categories. The results also showed that in addition to the performance of the central bank, the introduction of new laws and changes in laws and regulations play the most important role in improving banks' risk management effectiveness. Finally, the findings of the study showed that effective risk management in addition to the positive consequences for the organization has positive consequences at the community and international level. Conclusion: The indicators obtained in this study showed that in addition to common indicators for assessing effectiveness of risk management, there are other indicators based on the economic environment of Iran that can be effective in assessing effectiveness of risk management in the banking industry.

Objective: This study explores the impact of seasoned equity offering (SEO) on financial reporting quality (FRQ), using free cash flow and growth opportunities, considering the cost of capital. Financial reporting quality is a potential factor in reducing information asymmetry between managers and shareholders of the companies. Method: We used two samples of the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2018. The principal sample consists of the companies that had seasoned equity offerings, and the parallel sample consists of the companies that are in the same industry and did not have SEO. The principal sample consists of 1543 company-year observations, and the parallel sample consists of 1938 company-year observations. We used two methods to calculate growth opportunities, the market-to-book value ratio, and Hyland and Diltz (2002) method. Free cash flow (FCF) was estimated using the Richardson (2006) method. To examine the role of cost of capital, we used the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015). Financial reporting quality was estimated using the methods of Dechow and Dichev (2002) and McNichols (2002). To test the hypotheses, we estimated multivariate linear regressions using the findings of Dechow and Dichev (2002), Doyle et al. (2007), and Huang et al. (2012) and the portfolio formation approach. Results: Given that there are various measurements of financial reporting quality and there is no universally accepted way of the measurement of financial reporting quality, the results showed that the companies with high free cash flow and low growth opportunities and those with low free cash flow and high growth opportunities increase their financial reporting quality when seasoned equity offering. The companies with higher cost of capital have higher financial reporting quality compared with those with lower cost of capital, and when seasoned equity offering, the companies with lower cost of capital increase their financial reporting quality. The results also showed that while the companies without capital raising have high free cash flow and low growth opportunities, they have low financial reporting quality, and while the companies have low free cash flow and high growth opportunities, they have high financial reporting quality. Conclusion: Companies that accept seasoned equity offerings increase the quality of their financial reporting to attract more funding and succeed in underwriting new stocks.

Background and Objective: Laboratory-based education is one of the basic pillars of change in the management of teaching and learning of students of basic medical sciences. In this study, we designed a workshop with a new approach to teach Real time –PCR technique to postgraduate students of basic medical sciences and to evaluate the practical skills learned in the workshop, we used the standard OSPE assessment. Methods: In this study, 18 graduate students of Babol university of medical sciences were included and they were divided into two groups of intervention and control. Pre-test was performed in both groups. The intervention group was provided with an electronic content (including theoretical and practical outlines of the workshop) before participating in the workshop. At the end of the workshop and before the OSPE assessment, a post-test was taken from all participants. On the third day of the workshop, the performance of students in practical and laboratory skills of Real time-PCR technique was evaluated using OSPE examination. Findings: Pre-test and post-test scores of the intervention group in both cognitive and skill domains were higher than the control group. High satisfaction of students in each of OSPE stations in both groups indicates their acceptance of this approach. Conclusion: Using the OSPE examination in practical and laboratory courses is a good way to both assess and learn skills.

Introduction: Nanoparticles have been recently used in dentistry to improve the resin composite properties. In addition to its antimicrobial effect, copper oxide nanoparticles improve some of the resin composite properties. The durability of composite restorations is another matter. In this study, the effect of mechanical load cycling on the microleakage of the mixture of copper oxide nanoparticle and flowable composite was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, 96 healthy premolar teeth were randomly divided into eight groups. Copper oxide nanoparticles with weight concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3% were added to the Z350 flowable composite, and occlusal pit and fissures were sealed. Mechanical loading cycling was performed with a force of 70 Newtons and repetition rates of 0, 50,000, 100,000, and 200,000 loads. The teeth were cut after staining with methylene blue, and the dye penetration was checked by a stereomicroscope and qualitatively scored. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In both concentrations of nanoparticles, with an increasing number of load-cycling cycles, microleakage significantly increased. In the 0.1% group, the two-way comparisons of groups between 1 to 4, 1 to 3, and 2 to 4 and in the 0.3% groups between 5 to 7, 5 to 8, and 6 to 8 were significantly different. In the comparison of different concentrations to similar load cycling rates, there was no significant difference in the amount of microleakage. Conclusion: Mechanical loading cycling increased the microleakage rate in both two concentrations when the frequency of load was higher than 50,000 loads. There was no difference in the microleakage rates of groups with different concentrations and similar load cycling. By increasing the concentration from 0.1% to 0.3%, microleakage did not increase significantly.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Spiritual health, especially from the Islamic point of view, is one of the important components of health among medical students as leaders of community health. This study aimed to determine the spiritual health from the Islamic perspective in medical and dental students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 96 medical and dental students in Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The available sampling method was used. Data collection tool included the valid and reliable spiritual health questionnaires from the Islamic perspective that Available online to students. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software applying descriptive and analytical statistics at the significant level less than 0.05. FINDINGS: Totally 96 medical and dental students with mean age of 21.45 ± 0.83 participated. The mean score of spiritual health was 94.92 ± 17.83 and was in the "moderate" category. The highest mean was related to the dimension of belief system (25.16±5.43) and the lowest (22.33±0.96) was for lifestyle. There was no significant relationship between spiritual health and demographic and academic variables among students (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results showed the moderate level of spiritual health among medical and dental students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. There is a need for planning to improve the spiritual health of students, especially in the lifestyle.

“Creative industries” literature is one of the pioneer models in the world's cultural policy- making and culture economics being developed by governments and other policy agencies since approximately the beginning of the current century. As a lucrative and efficient media type, animation has increasingly impressed the policymakers. To achieve the ideal situation in Iran, it is necessary to have a holistic and precise view of the current situation before starting any planning or formulating policies. This research, therefore, has dealt with the issue of mass producing animation in Iran at a global scale through a scholarly method by interviewing different actors and agencies in Iranian animation industry followed up with their theme analysis.The results show that there are three major obstacles that prevent the development of Iranian animation industry, namely governmental, promoters’ and structural factors. The solutions are categorized in six basic groups: forming a macro-supervisory organization, creating a free market, reforming the educational system, conducting research, and developing accelerators. Eventually, an ideal model of policy-making in television animation production has been presented.

The spiral pattern has been used as a valuable and important decorative element in the ornamentation, referred to as "Arabesque". The spiral or arabesque movement was not just for decorating different types of building surfaces, but also had sacred signs. Next, we look at the symbolic meaning of this pattern in Islamic Art. In this paper, the author concludes that the manifestation of this pattern in Islamic art, which is also Arabesque, can also be a kind of environmental art because it is used in three dimensional environments and more importantly, Islamic artists inspired by nature have created this pattern. However, in the eyes of the Islamic artist, it was not objectively likeable and had a tendency for subjective truth, so, by stylizing the design, they came up with a pattern that lost any resemblance to nature. Also, the Islamic artist, like the environmental artist by choosing the environment as the context of the artistic work, has been a return to the original human way of creating human work and the long-standing relationship with nature, so these meanings have led to a commonality between environmental art and Islamic art. In this article, based on the works of contemporary ground artists and Islamic art and examining different examples, their common views on the use of spiral motif are studied and analyzed. "Spiral" is one of the forms in nature that has many mysteries within itself. There are lots of spirals in the nature such as plants, galaxy and atom that have spiral shapes. Human beings have always paid attention to this symbolic and mysterious element, and make a sacred meaning for this shape. Art, like life, approaches the spiral, and the artist, inspired by nature, uses this symbolic element to create his work. Art has always strived to base its truth on nature, which is why every artistic creation is a symbolic aspect of the truth of nature. Naturally, it manifests itself in artistic creations. As mentioned earlier, the origin of the spiral pattern goes back to nature. The artists of Islamic art were inspired by the curved lines in nature and created the Islamic design. Western artists' thinking about art and beauty is sensory-ideal imagery and blends nature with feeling and myth. Nature has always been a reference point for Western art, and especially in environmental art, the land, as the space and the place familiar with human is the bed of artistic work. While Eastern imagination is subjective-intuitive it conceives of beauty and truth in the abstract nature beyond the earth, and of the latent and subjective, and the extrasensory, which is naturally the origin of the art of the East. There is, of course, a common denominator that both of these arts have always linked earth proportions and celestial abstractions with curved lines, which is the spiral pattern. In this article, the semantic and formal connotation of the "Spiral" is expressed in a comparative way between Islamic art and environmental art, as well as the relationship between the beauty of the spiral and the common point established between the art in the East and the West and its symbolic meaning in these arts. By study on the works in environmental art, such as the Robert Smithson’s “Spiral Jetty”, and in Islamic art, which is "Arabesque" as a kind of environmental art, it was concluded that "Spiral" is a common motif between Islamic art and environmental art, and it ultimately leads to unity in the meaning and form. The balance, tranquility, dynamism and harmony of this motif have made artists use it to achieve the concepts of holiness, unity and beauty in their work. The type of this research is qualitative and research method is descriptive-comparative. Also Theoretical framework of research is based on the views of traditional philosophers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Faculty members are an important member of higher education and have an important role to play in achieving educational goals. Therefore, their interaction with learners is important, such as dental training clinics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of faculty members of dental school in Babol University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This study was performed on 89 dental students trained in the clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire using valid scientific sources, including demographic characteristics, and 18 questions about how teachers and students responded on Likert 5 (i.e. excellent to very poor). The content validity index and reliability coefficient were 89.2 and 0.85. Data analyzed by SPSS21 software applying T-test and One-way ANOVA less than 0.05 Significance level. FINDINGS: The highest and the lowest accountability percentages in the excellent category were respectively related to the importance of time in the clinic (38.2%) and attention to student activity during the course (10.1%). These percentages in the good category were related to the response to students' questions (43.8%) And trying to teach poor students in clinical work (23.6%). Also, in the moderate class considering students' performance during the course (37.1%) and the importance of proper student dressing (13.5%). There was no significant difference between gender and place of study (P=0.91). The final year students had a lower score for the teachers (P=0.003). Students were more satisfied with oral, maxillofacial radiology teachers (P

Background and Aim We need the next-generation of whole-inactivated influenza vaccines to create stronger cross-protection against different influenza subtypes. This research aimed to apply the inactivation process of the influenza virus through gamma radiation as a candidate for the development of whole-inactivated vaccines. Methods and Materials The influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 [H1N1]) was propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. After ultrafiltration, the virus infectivity titer was calculated by 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID 50%) method based on the Karber formula. Alternatively, the gamma cell-220 was applied for virus inactivation via gamma rays. The D10 value factor and optimum dose of virus inactivation were calculated based on the dose/survival curve and the initial viral titer. In addition, antigenic properties of irradiated viruses compared to un-irradiated viruses and complete inactivation of the irradiated samples with optimum dose were also evaluated by hemagglutination assay and safety test, respectively. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Iran approved this study (Code: IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1397.309). Results According to the concentrated virus titer (TCID50: 105.75/ml) and dose/survival curve, the D10 value factor and optimum dose of virus inactivation were calculated at 4.878 and 28.048 kGy, respectively. On the other hand, owing to the results obtained from the safety test and hemagglutination assay, the optimum dose of virus inactivation was determined to be 28 kGy by maintaining the antigenic properties. Conclusion Gamma radiation appears to be a good candidate for vaccine development through maintaining the antigenic structures.

The course followed by the Islamic Revolution is to reach the new Islamic civilization. The stages of this evolution are: The Islamic Revolution, the Islamic system, the Islamic State, the Islamic society, and finally the new Islamic civilization. Now in the third phase of modern Islamic civilization, the burden of achieving the Islamic state is on the shoulders of the officials, especially the scholars engaged on humanities. One of the areas which is inevitably under the impact of the government is the dominant cultural atmosphere of the society. The question that arises here is that based on genuine religious sources, where are the limits of government intervention? The subject of this study is determining the extent of the government’s intervention in the field of culture. Based on our findings, such factors like education, guidance of the people, setting the ground for conducting one’s religious duties, and fighting against heresies, determine the levels of government’s intervention in the field of culture. This intervention usually starts with wise sayings but culminates in armed confrontation. And the subtle point is that each of these methods must be utilized in one specific situation, but extending this method to other domains may result in irreparable harms.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is known as the most common endocrine disorder in children which requires strict adherence to self-care regimen. Accordingly, children’s exposure to educational video games can be a strategy for promoting adherence to such regimens. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an educational video game for diabetes self-management on adherence to self-care regimens in children with type 1 diabetes. Method: This two-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 68 children aged 8-12 years affected with type 1 diabetes and admitted to Akbar Children’s Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during 2018. A self-care package for children with type 1 diabetes was extracted using a review method. The intervention group played the designed interactive video game. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) through independent t-test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: Both study groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. Based on the results of independent t-test, no significant difference was observed between the intervention (77.5±10.1) and control groups (78.7±7.4) regarding mean self-care scores before intervention (P=0.57). However, mean self-care score in the intervention group (82.9±7.8) was significantly higher than that in control group (77.3±7.7) after the intervention (P=0.57). Intra-group comparisons also confirmed the above-mentioned findings. Implications for Practice: The designed educational video game could significantly improve children’s self-care scores. Given that Internet-based video games can be manipulated and quickly updated, it was suggested to compare online and offline video games in future studies.

Objective: The effect of the contagion between financial assets is one of the most important challenges that investors are faced with. Financial markets have been severely affected by economic, political, and social events and they are subject to volatility and turmoil that causes financial investors and analysts to be disturbed. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of shocks on the return volatility of the selected indices. Methods: The main objective of this study is to use random simulation techniques for GARCH models considering multivariate skewed distributions using the Bayesian approach. For this purpose, we used the daily return data of selected Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) indices during the period from December 13, 2009 to Jan 29, 2003 and also the flexible types of multivariate distributions that can model both skewedness and fat tail. Results: The results of the Bayesian DCC GARCH (1.1) model showed that the effect of shocks on the return volatility is not the same for the selected indices and this situation implies different risk conditions and uncertainty in the returns of these groups. The results also showed that the stock returns of the automotive group spread more volatility from the previous day to the current day in comparison to Banking group and Petroleum group respectively. Conclusion: Shocks on variables affects the correlations among them. Also, GED distribution was identified as an appropriate distribution in line with the characteristics of the skewedness of the studied indices. Therefore, in estimating the risk of assets and portfolio optimization, one can exploit the main idea used in this study.

Introduction and purpose: Proper nutrition during pregnancy is of utmost importance in the maintenance of maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in the promotion and nutritional behaviors of pregnant women referring to comprehensive health centers in Amol, Iran in 1397. Methods: This semi-experimental interventional research was performed on 72 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy who were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The instrument utilized in this study was a questionnaire developed by the researcher and used after the validity and reliability confirmation. The P-value

Semantics deals with the scientific study of meaning, and meaning is awareness of the cultural context as well as the relation of a word to another vocabulary in a text. The present research aims to explain and define the semantic components of the two words "oppression (Ẓalūm)" and "ignorance (Jahūl)" from different views of Shiite and Sunni commentators, based on the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, in order to draw a clear picture of the oppression and ignorance of human being. A comparative study of the views of the commentators from the both religious traditions, conducted in a descriptive analytical method, showed that most Sunni scholars believe that the attributes of oppression and ignorance are in the nature and temper of all human beings, and no human being is outside from the circle of oppression and ignorance. On the opposite side, most Shiite scholars believe that oppression and ignorance are not inherent in the human’s attributes, but are particular in those who have deviated from the path of divine guidance and have not been cultivated.

Introduction: Environmental problems caused by arrival of antibiotics in water resources due to toxicity and lasting effects are a serious threat. This study has been aimed to evaluate the efficiency of granular activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of Cephalexin from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: This study was performed at laboratory scale and batch system. The influence of process variables such as pH of solution, adsorbent dosage, initial Cephalexin concentration and contact time were Investigated. Equilibrium study data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, moreover, kinetic studies were done by models of pseudo first order and pseudo second order. Findings: This research found that the Cephalexin adsorption efficiency decreased by increasing pH from 2 to 14, so that after 3 hours, the adsorption efficiency at the 20 mg.L-1 initial Cephalexin concentration and 0.2 g adsorbent, obtained 92.812%, 90.525% and 41.394% at pH 2, 3.5 and 14, respectively. The adsorption of Cephalexin was compatible with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic. Discussion and Conclusions: The present study showed that the granular activated carbon has high potential for adsorption and separation of Cephalexin and such pollutants from aqueous solutions, in addition to features like simple and rapid separation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The goal of clinical training in Medical education is achievement the minimum skills expected of medical graduates. In order to educate capable, responsible and responsive to community needs graduates, in addition to clinical course examinations & assessments it seems necessary to asses of clinical competence at the end of the internship. The aim of this study was to Evaluate Medical Intern's Competence Based on Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Babol Medical University of Sciences in 2016. METHODS: This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 28 of senior students of Babol University of Medical Sciences to evaluate their clinical competence in 2016. The test includes 15 stations (8 Question was essential and 5 questions was nonessential) that was designed based on the instructions of the Ministry of Health & Medical and Education. The test's reliability and validity was determined by the expert panel. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and using descriptive and analytic statistics and independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson coefficient. P 0.05). T-test showed significant relationship between in two group's essential & non-essential station. (p

Objective: This research aim at identification of the factors affecting the stock price synchronicity and their ranking in a sample of 1030 years-companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange in the years 2006 to 2015. Methods: This research takes a sample that was selected through systematic elimination method, and examines the effects of macroeconomic variables (economic growth, inflation and unemployment rate), corporate governance system (institutional shareholder, concentration of ownership, and independence of the board), audit quality, agency problems (free cash flow, complexity of operations and information asymmetry), and company information characteristics (profit sustainability, conservatism, earning smoothing and opaque) on stock price synchronicity based on data mining methods (including neural network model and C5 tree model). Results: The results showed in corporate governance, the focus of ownership (based on the percentage of free float) and the independence of the board; in agency problems, the information asymmetry; in company information characteristics, the conservatism and opaque; and from macroeconomic variables, the economic growth have the most impact on the stock returns synchronicity. Also, the information asymmetry has the most impact on stock return synchronization based on different criteria. Conclusion: Given that the stock price synchronicity is considered the indication of stock price informativeness (the extent of access to specific company information) and efficiency of capital allocation, therefore, it is recommended to the capital market activists to pay special attention to the factors affecting this variable to improve their decisions.

In the present study, the physicochemical, microbial and sensory changes of Huso huso fillets smoked and flavored with brine and sauce for 30 days in the refrigerator were investigated. For this purpose, H.huso was filleted after harvesting and preparation. The fillets were immersed in saturated brine with a concentration of 6.34% NaCl and the sauce for one hour and smoked by hot smoky machine. Then, the samples were packed and stored for 30 days at refrigerator. The results showed that the percentage of protein in the smoked and flavored with sauce (32.28-32.32%) were higher than the brine treatment (27.84-28.29%), and there was a significant difference between TBA and TVB-N (p0.05). The amount of total bacteria and coliform was negative during the period; but, mold was observed in both samples of smoked and flavored with brine (8 colonies per ml sample) and sauce (6 colonies per ml sample) at the end of storage period. The sensory evaluation results indicate that the both samples were not significantly different in terms of packaging. Therefore, based on sensory and microbiological evaluations, the shelf-life of hot smoked and flavored fillets with brine and sauce was 20 days in usual packages.

Background & Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins, including E6 and E7 are constitutively expressed in cervical cancer cells. These proteins are ideal targets to be used for developing therapeutic vaccines against existing HPV-associated carcinomas. The aim of this study was to measure the proliferation response rate of splenic lymphocytes derived from E7-HPV16 encoding plasmid injection on the tumor mouse model of papillomavirus. Method: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneous with 5× 10⁵ TC-1 cells in three times with two weeks intervals and then immunized with HPV-16 E7 DNA vaccine. The proliferation response of splenic cells was measured by MTT assay. IL12 cytokine was measured by ELISA assay and the mass of tumor was calculated with caliper for six weeks. Results: Following the application of DNA vaccines containing E7 therapeutic gene, the proliferative response of splenic cells was provoked significanltly higher than the stimulation in control group (P

There is little evidence about the relationship between temperament character and response inhibition of students with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.The aim of this studywas to determinethe role of temperament character in prediction of response inhibition of students with oppositional defiant symptoms. This was adescriptive and correlational study.The study population include all girl students of Ardabil city in 1389-90 educational year.The research sample included of 75 students who were selected among 800 high school students. To collect data, oppositional defiant disorderChecklist and clinical interview, Temperament Character questionnaire and the Stroop Test and were used. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that innovativeness, harm avoidance, perseverance and self-direction were the best predictors of response inhibition of students with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.These findings indicate that temperament character play a main role in prediction of response inhibition. These results have important implications in the field of pathology and treatment of this disorder.

Background: Despite the fact that only one-third of chest pains occur due to heart diseases, still physicians have tendency to admit most of these patients to reduce risk of negligence and its consequences.Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) enable physicians to distinguish better cardiac from non-cardiac chest pain. This study reviewed articles which focused on this issue. Materials and Methods: Google scholar and PubMed database were targeted for search. Out of ninety primary matching articles based on the title, abstract and keywords, 28 full texts were relevant which were included in this study. Results: Included articles were classified into two categories such as managing hospital resources and increasing the accuracy of diagnosis. Study results in the first categoryshowed decrease in both reception and referral time up to 30% and length of hospital stay up to 26% using CDSS. In the second category, the highest reported accuracy of diagnosis was 97% and the maximum sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 89.43% respectively. Even though, the results of a study revealed that the accuracy of decision support system in diagnosing cardiac chest pain was better than the compared cardiologists. Conclusion: Considering the role of CDSS in managing hospital resources and improving accuracy of diagnosing cardiac chest pain, it is suggested that emergency wards and cardiac screening centers equipped by these systems.

Introduction: Weed competition is one of the major factors which limit sugar beet production in the world. Weed – crop interactions are based on competition for water, nutrients and light and allelopathic effects may also play a small role. In sugar beet weed interference, all these factors are important too, but the light is of prime importance. Due to the fact that a lot of weeds can grow above the sugar beet canopy and reduce the amount of photosynthetic radiation reaching the crop, these weeds are stronger competitors compared to smaller weeds. In much sugar beet growing areas dicot weeds of the families Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae are of major importance. The monocots are less important compared to dicot weeds. Competition from uncontrolled annual weeds that emerge within 8 weeks of sowing or within 4 weeks of the crop reaching the two-leaf stage can reduce root yields by 26–100% .Weeds that emerge 8 weeks after sowing, and particularly after the sugar beet plants have eight or more leaves, are less likely to affect yield. Although tractor hoeing and hand labour are still used in many production areas, herbicides have been the primary method of weed control in sugar beet. The effectiveness of pre-emergence residual herbicides decreases with reductions in rainfall or soil wet content. Therefore, less than 10 % of the total sugar beet crop is treated with pre-emergence herbicides. The remaining 90 % depends solely on a selection of post-emergence herbicides to maintain season-long weed control. The major herbicides are phenmedipham, chloridazon, metamitron. Mixtures of post-emergence, broad spectrum herbicides have to be applied to control the wide range of weed species in sugar beet crops. Materials and Methods: To study the effects of weeds control by hand weeding and herbicides combination with two selective herbicides at different levels of nitrogen application on sugar beet yield and quality characteristics, an experiment carried out in TorbateJam Township as statistical design with split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014. Experiment treatments included, the main factor involving four levels of different Nitrogen application (0, 100. 150 and 200 Kg.ha-1), sub factor involving combination of chloridazon + phenmedipham and metamitron + phenmedipham at 5 Kg.ha-1 herbicides. Four weeks after treatments, sampling of weeds and sugar beet carried out in middle of the plots with 0.5 × 0.5 quadrate. Then, samples were dried at oven-dried at 75 °C for 48 h and weighed. At the final harvest, to determine the grade, amino nitrogen, sodium, potassium with Betalyzr at sugar sector of Agricultural Center laboratory, sampling was removed from the middle of each plot. Results Discussion: The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicide treatments were significantly different from each other at 1% and 5% levels, respectively. Based on experiment results, the highest root yield of sugar beet was obtained hand weeding with 200 kg N.ha-1 treatments. In between treatments of weed chemical control, metamitron + phenmedipham herbicides with 200 kg N.ha-1 was showed the highest root yield of sugar beet. High net sugar beet yield also was obtained at complete weed control with 200 kg N.ha-1, and metamitron + phenmedipham herbicides application with 200 kg N.ha-1 treatments. Also, the highest net and gross sugars were obtained at without weed control + 0 kg N.ha-1 treatments. Conclusion: In conclusion, According to results of this study root yield and net and gross sugar were increased by increasing 200 kg nitrogen per hectare. Also, the highest net and gross sugar yield related to the using of hand weeding and combination herbicides of metamitron + phenmedipham and chloridazon + phenmedipham and application of 200 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer with weed control as well. Between weed controls treatments, root yield were increased by hand weeding compared to herbicide application and between herbicide treatments at Nitrogen different levels, by using of metamitron + phenmedipham than chloridazon + phenmedipham. Between chemical treatments, net and gross sugar yield, shoot dry weight and dry matter yield of sugar beet were more in combination of metamitron + phenmedipham than chloridazon + phenmedipham. While, weeds density and biomass were lesser in herbicide combination of metamitron + phenmedipham compared to chloridazon + phenmedipham. On the other hand, among treatments interaction, the highest root yield and percent of sugar and pure sugar were obtained by 200 kg per hectare Nitrogen fertilizer accompanied weeds control and without weeds control with lack of Nitrogen application respectively.

Increasing earnings quality raises costs and benefits together. Also, product market competition affects economic variables with multiple impacts. These resulted in conflicts over findings from the researches regarding regression analysis for the relationship between earnings quality and competition in product markets. In these researches, inconsistent results showed that actual relationship between the two variables is of nonlinear form. In this paper, the nonlinear relationship between earnings quality and product market competition has been studied. To measure competition in the product market, total business environment and homogeneity of the production in the market were considered in general, and earnings qualities along with market competition were measured by three and for criteria, respectively. Also, in addition to firm-year values, industry-year values were used to test the proposed hypotheses in different states. The data from 91 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the years 2008-2013 were used. The findings from nonlinear regression analysis showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between earnings quality and competition. But, this was not held for potential competition. These findings were also remained unchanged when the study turns from firm-year values to industry-year values.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patient education is one of the most basic nursing roles. Patient education has a considerable impact on the prevention, treatment and reducing patients' health promotion budget.This research has been done in order to nominate attitude, knowledge and function of clinical nurses about patient education. METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional study. Research society was clinical nurses working in Ramsar ‘s Imam Sajjad and Tonekabon’s Shahid Rajaii hospitals. 199Nurses working in different wards of Imam Sajjad hospital in Ramsar and Shahid rajaee hospital in Tonekabon were taken as samples with random sampling in 2012. Number of samples (n=199) were determined according to number of the research community (411 nurses) and 0.5% error level using Morgan Table and Cochran formula. In order to collect the data a 4-part self-made questioner was used. First part was sample demographic survey, second part was 18 phrase in form of licret in order to nominate the attitude and the third part was designing 12 question in order to evaluate knowledge and12 question for function of clinical nurses in fourth part. The authority of the questionnaire was confirmed by asking science committee and using weighted average. After collecting data with application software with Chi-square test results were obtained. FINDINGS: 5.4% and 94.6% of participants were men and women, respectively. Most of participants (95%) had positive attitude to pattient education. 55% and 21% obtained exelent awareness and function to pattient education. it was found significant relation between knowledge to patient education and education level. CONCLUSION: People in our society trust doctors and entrust their lives in their hands. Education is also the most important tool in their hand which is used in order to increase patient ability in taking care of himself. So, it becomes clear that increasing and keeping positive view and the ability in executing patient education is one of the most important roles of nursing.

Background and Objective: The rise of antibiotic resistance particulary Methicillin resistance in pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus is found to be an emerging threat to human health especially in hospitals. Heavy metal nanoparticles such as Ag used for inhibition of this bacterium. This study was done to determine of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Ag nanoparticle against Staphylococcus aureus which isolated in Gorgan, north of Iran and its relation with Methicillin resistance and source of bacteria. Methods: In this descriptive – analytical study, the MIC Ag nanoparticle in 183 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution method was determined. 30 isolates, based on mecA gene was considered as MRSA. Samples were collected from patients, nose of healthy carriers and foods. Compare the MIC of isolates based on Methicillin resistance, source of the bacteria and resistance to other antibiotics were assessed. Results: Out of 183 samples MIC was varied from 1 to 16 µg/ml, and mean±std was 2.9±1.89 µg/ml. MIC mean of silver nanoparticles in isolated from foods were 2±0.7, isolared from healthy carriers were 4.1±2.4 and from patients were 3.4±2.1 µg/ml and were statically significant (P

The role of information environment in price discovery of firms' stocks can be studied through information risk and transaction costs factors. Firms with higher information risk are those with less public information and more privately informed investors. This research focuses on studying the effect of information risk and transaction costs arose from information environment of the firm on investors’ reaction; so 2050 quarter-firm data has been analyzed quarterly in a 9 year period between 1384 to 1392. Zhang et al, (2013) model is used for hypothesis testing that includes factor analysis for determining information risk variables and, analyzing the multivariable linear regression for hypothesis testing. The results of hypothesis testing demonstrate that higher information risk causes initial reaction of most of the investors to quarterly earnings announcements, but is not effective in subsequent reactions; also transaction costs have not effect on stock market reaction.

FAO-56 Penman-Monteth (FPM) model is one of the most applied methods to estimate crop evapotranspiration; yet the accuracy of the model in greenhouses is still undetermined especially in non-standard conditions of water deficit and salinity. This study focused on the performance of the FPM model in estimating greenhouse and outdoor eggplant evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficient (Kc) and water stress coefficient (Ks) under different levels of water deficit and salinity. An area in the greenhouse and the outdoor field was assigned to grass cultivation as a reference crop. Daily reference (ET0) and crop evapotranspirations were measured by diurnal weighting of microlysimeters throughout the growing season (from May 19th to September 5th, 2012). The performance of the FPM model was evaluated by four statistical difference criterions along with regression indices. The ET0 values were properly estimated in the outdoor conditions but showed about 12 percent underestimation in the greenhouse; however, the trends of daily ET0changes were well predicted in both environments. Apparent differences in daily ETc variations were met during the growing season, for various levels and combinations of water stress. Best estimations of daily and mean 10-day ETc values were those of daily irrigated (I1) treatments in both environments. In mean 10-day ETc, better correlations were obtained between the measured and estimated values due to smoothened fluctuations in weather and data and soil moisture changes. Actual and calculated values of Ks along with the correctness of their estimations decreased with the intensity of water stresses in both environments. The variation patterns of daily Kc values was similar to those of the daily ETc. Mean 10-day values of Kc were properly estimated by the FPM model; yet outdoor estimations were accurate in all treatments.