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Proposed land area within the Environmental impact assessment study boundary is designated for development of warm-water fish culture and located at "49 '55 ° 54 to" 14 '56 ° 54 east longitude, and "7 '15 37 to" 48 '19 37 north latitude, in the Gonbad Kavous county of Golestan province. Currently in Digcheh there are 47 earthen ponds with different dimensions comprising some 380 ha project's overal footprint with an estimated 324ha net area of production ponds, which involves common carp and chinese carp fish farming. Fresh water supply is provided from Gorgan-Roud to the culture ponds by pumping via some mobile pump through a common earthen channel which is shared with agriculture lands of the rural community. Environmental impact assessment studies for the project which in terms of design features, subject to article 2, paragraph (e) of Environmental impact assessment regulation is necessary in order to resolve problems related to water supply , optimization of fish farm's hydraulic systems through the construction of concrete main intake channel and optimization and renewal of pond's weir and outlet structure, intake and drainage channels of production ponds, and also renovation of water pumping systems wich will be resulting in increased farmed fish production and decreased production costs. For optimization of EIA study and achievements to update information by using Geographic Information System(GIS) software, the maps of the study area were provided with scrutiny. Thus, in first step digital map with a scale of 1:500 to1:2000 in AUTO CAD format that shows the project location, prepared with land surveying. Layers of required maps based on Iran Army Geographical Organization base maps for site with conceptual and spatial information of location were provided. General location map of the region, residential areas and villages, roads and other maps needed in studies us ing these layers were produced. Next, the paper output for Cartography maps were prepared using ARC GIS software. The spatial layers with the help of GIS spatial analysis studies by different expert teams of EIA studies (soil and water pollution , social, economic and cultural studies, biological environment, climate and hydrology) , were performed. The output of digital spatial data, spatial analysis and Cartography as various maps, tables or diagrams and graphical analysis were used in various discipline reports. Since implementing the project can be create different and various changes or effects on environment resources (physical, biological, social, economic and cultural) ,thus knowing how these impacts occur will be assist to prevent or reduce their pursuant negative effects the environment impact assessment studies carried out. In order to conduct decision-making process between action and no action alternatives for perform Digcheh Aquaculture project the Leopold matrix and comparison checklist method has been used. The results of the Leopold matrix shows that the action of Project with environmental mitigation measures (+412) is superior to no action Project (-79). Obviously, the modernization and Optimization of Digcheh warm-water fish farming development project have some adverse effects on the environment like other development projects but it seems with considering mitigation measures and performing Environmental Management Plans with regard to positive outcomes for local area, implementation of this project will be provide a lot of positive or favorable outcome for indigenous peoples and fish farmers. As well as with implemention of the Digcheh project problems such as the loss of water in earthen channels, the overall status of fish farming practices, migration from rural to urban areas , lack of employment and consequently low level of income and welfare of the people will be improved and acquire positive trend in the region Consequently in the EIA study final findings, the implementation of Dighcheh fish culture development project is recommended and emphasized.

An Environmental Impact Assessment was undertaken to identify existing values and characteristics of physical, biological and socioeconomic resources within the area proposed for the Aquaculture development in BibiShirvan Ab-bandan (small storage dam). The proponent (Fisheries Department of Golestan province) intends to redevelop fish culture in a constructed water body which is used mainly by local farmers for storing water to meet crops water needs especially at dry periods of the year. The area being examined as part of this environmental impacts assessment is located approximately 40 km west of Gonbad city, Golestan province in northeast of Iran. The site located at 54° 47'- 54° 52' (East longitudes) and 37° 10'- 37° 11' (North latitudes). The Bibi Shirvan Ab-bandan sealed with an area of about 580 acres, is a collection of three distinct basins that are connected with each other at several points. At present, there are some problems for water supply and maintaining full reservoir levels which cause the Bibi-Shirvan reservoir have always been empty partly and farmers could not been utilizing all its capacity. At the operation phase, the supply water will be provided by pumping through the left coast of Gorgan river via an irrigation concrete canal which is constructed by the Organization of Jihad-e-Agriculture and also, two small streams namely Ghareh-tekan and Bayram-shally. For better management of fish culture it is proposed a plan, which increase the volume of the Bibi- Shirvan reservoir by heightens the circumference embankment and construction of the interior retaining wall that will divide the reservoir into smaller pieces of ponds. It also proposed the installation of other pumping stations on above mentioned streams to supply water for combined requirements of cultivated crops and fish culture. The total surface area and storage capacity of Bibi Shirvan reservoir will be about 500 hectares and 8.1 million cubic meters respectively, after the construction of embankments. Environmental impact assessment for the project in terms of design features is mandatory and subject to article 2, paragraph (e) environmental impact assessment regulations. There are some problems for developing optimized fish culture practices and operations in the area. The unknown ownership of reservoir, absence of official right of water allocation, limiting capacity of reservoir reduced surface area for fish culture , lack of hydraulic system structures for water supply control, and drainage are among the problems that restrict fish culture practices and will not allow to attain optimum production. Therefore, the proposed plan including improved methods and rehabilitation of embankments was placed on the agenda of the Golestan Province, Department of Fisheries. For optimization studies and achievements to update information using Geographic Information System (GIS), the maps of the study area were provided. Thus, in first step, the digital map with a scale of 1:500 to 1:2000 AUTO CAD format that shows the project location, have been constructed. General location map of the region, residential areas and villages, roads and other maps needed in studies using these layers were produced. Next, the outputs for Cartography maps were prepared using ARC GIS software. The spatial layers were performed by using the GIS soft-wares and advised which suggested by different expert teams (groups of soil and water pollution studies, social environment, economic and cultural, biological environment, climate and hydrology). The output of digital spatial data, spatial analysis and cartography as various maps, tables or diagrams and graphical analysis were used in the reports. Since implementing this Project could be created various impacts in different environments (physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural) The EIA study was undertaken .For facilitate decision making process on project implementation, the modified matrix method has been used. In conclusion, the results of EIA matrices shows the action of Project with environmental mitigation measures (+410) is superior to no action Project (-79). It is therefore considered that the Bibi-Shirvan Project will have a minimal impact on the environmental values of the area. The Project will provide favorable overall positive outcomes for indigenous peoples and fish farmers in the region. Also, problems such as excessive migration of rural people, lack of employment and consequently low level of income and welfare of the people will be improved. Therefore, the Project with consideration of environmental mitigation measures is recommended .

The aquaculture activity in provinces of north of Iran, in spite of fast progressive and possess a series of achievement and success, there was some failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction. To planning for further expansion in this failed, this study is managed. The culture of rainbow trout is practice in individual farms, small farms, water resources, earthen ponds, recycling ponds etc, which each method have its potential, failure and limitation that are consider in the present work. At the end, based on the situation of production in past years, and considering each of factors mentioned above, the success, failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction points of aquaculture of rainbow trout in technical poin of view are investigated and some command for improvement for each production method are presented. The development of aquaculture in recent years is based on extension of farms and increasing density of fish in fish pond. In contrast of many production activities, the propagation and culture of fish is inconstant work. This variability makes a potential for better income, occupation and job, increasing in production etc. This study make a better planning using this activity.

Iran is one of ten disaster countries in terms of water crisis. Also, deficit of agricultural soil is a limiting agent for development of agronomy. Moreover, production of organic crops is very important for health nutrition. Tilapia is an important commercial fish because of its fast growth, tolerance to environmental conditions and diseases, possibility of intensive culture, low costs of production and marketable flavor. Production of aquatic and agricultural crops in an aquaponic system would ask these expectations. Aquaponic system that includes combination of hydroponics and water recycling systems was examined for modulated culture of tilapia and agricultural crops at the present study. Tilapia fries with 6.2g and 5.9g mean weight and stocking density of 40/m^3 were respectively stocked in two 2.5m^3 tanks at September 2013 for 9 months. Fish culture in the two tanks tended to 17.2kg/m^3 and 19kg/m^3 fish production with 658g and 596 mean final weigth, 98% and 100% survival and 1.4 and 1.6 food conversion rate (FCR), respectively. Plants were implanted using grow beds, floating rafts and nutrient film methods. Monthly production of mint, basil, lettuce, cucumber, tomato, pepper were 1.14, 0.5-0.8, 1.32, 2.7-4, 2.03-3.4 and 1.1 kg/m^2 crops, respectively.

In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective ( warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

A feeding trial with three protein levels (30, 35 and 40%) and three lipid levels (10, 12 and 14%) was conducted to evaluate the optimum protein and lipid ratio of Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum). Six hundred and seventy five fish (1.15±0.01g; mean ±SD) were randomly distributed in 27 aquaria (45L) and were fed four times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that interaction between protein and lipid did not significantly affect the growth parameters. Weight increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 35%, and then decreased significantly. Specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily growth (ADG) of fish fed the diets containing 35 and 40% protein increased with increasing lipid level, but protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level. Fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 10% lipid showed the lower protein productive value (PPV). Lipid efficiency ratio (LER) of fish fed the diets containing 30 and 35% protein decreased significantly with increasing lipid level (p< 0.05). Lipid production value (LPV) of fish fed the 35% protein and 10% lipid was higher than those of other treatments. Results regarding to the analysis of body compositions showed that dietary protein levels made no significant differences among treatments, but the increase of lipid level in diets led to fish body lipid increase and the highest amount of lipid were observed in fingerlings fed 35% protein and 14% lipid. Survival was 100% in all treatment. In conclusion, it appears that Caspian Kutum juveniles could adapt to 14% dietary lipid without negative effects on growth and the diet containing 35% protein with 14% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth of Caspian Kutum in the studied weight range.

Intensive culture of rainbow trout, usually done using several different methods.The objective of this study was to compare fish performance and welfare in a new design of Foster-lucas ponds (FLP) and a raceway ponds (RP) under field conditions. Currennt study was designed in two treatment with three repeats. Each pond was randomly stocked by rainbow trout fish with initial average weight of approximately 51±5 g. Stocking density was 120n/m3 during study. After 10 months of trial, fish fed diets with comertial diet (Chineh Company). Feeding operation conducted according to the manuals by consideration of water temprature, fish waight and biomas. During the 10 months experiment, the fish survival rate was high (97.39 and 98.05%). No significant differences in growth parametres were observed between RP and FLP, but in all parametres FLP was higher than RP Final weight was 0.99% higher in FLP than in RP. Water quality factors (Dissolved oxygen, PH) was better in FLP. The results confirm that when water quality is maintained in safe level ranges, growth rate of rainbow trout attained in FLS are comparable to those in RP. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Without َََAbstract. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In May 2009, the fingerlings of Indian major carps, (i.e., catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mirigala)) were conducted with mean weight 25.4±4.1g, 36.6±3.5g and 58.8±4.5g, respectively. Fingerlings of Indian major carps were cultured the fingerlings of Chinese carps according to the randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications in earthen ponds. Four treatments were defined in species ratios and combinations.Treatment-1(T1) with 30 % of Indian major carps (catla, rohu and mrigal) and 70 % of Chinese carps phytophage (Hypophthalmic molitrix), big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella)) with common carp, treatment-2 (T2) with 50% of Indian major carps and 50% of Chinese carps treatment-3 (T3) with 70% of Indian major carps and 30% of Chinese carps with common carp and treatment-4 (control treatment) with 100% of Chinese carps (with common density and combination in Khuzestan Province). Eevery 45 days, biometry was carried out by using the case net in earthen ponds. The culture period was for six month from May to November. The maximum net production of fishes was obtained inTreatment-2 (50% of Indian major carps) with mean harvest 4254.9 kg/ha. The experimental treatments were not significant with each other and control treatment. In end of culture, mean (SD) weight obtained for rohu, catla and mrigal were 1136±16, 726±122 and 773±89g in T1, were 1129±85, 902±78 and 788±125g in T2 and were 1054±38, 839±168g and 849±106g in T3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significantly different in total weight of fish harvest in treatments with control group (customary culture in Iran). However, this experiment determined that Indian major carp could increase production and diversity in warm water fish culture in Iran.

The main objective of this study is an investigation of educational needs of fish is cammon carp Proudation cooperatives and effective factors on mentioned educational needs. This research was applicable from objective point of view and descriptive-correlation method considering its method, which has been done with survey approach. The statistical population is the members of the fish is cammon carp Proudation cooperatives in Guilan&mazandaran Province which were included 2235 persons. Among this population, 160 persons were selected using Cochran formula and proportional stratified random sampling method. Managers production Which were 19 production cooperatives in the province, was census through the survey method Meanwhile, the total number of 38 experienced experts in fishculture of Guilan & mazandaran provinces Fisheries Researeach organization .The main tool for data collection was questionnaire and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, The main tool for data collection survey questionnaire and its reliability by a panel of experts confirmed were valid questionnaire study using the alpha coefficient to mean parts inventory intensive manufactures 73% and surveys of experts and managers of cooperatives by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 78% was calculated More than 70 percent of the average of the current knowledge of warm water fish production in Guilan and Mazandaran is moderate to high. Educational needs of producers fish in warm- water showed a significant relationship between income level and their knowledge. Results showed that the management of health and diseases in warm-water fish farms, fish farms, water management, and site selection and construction of warm water from the producers' point of view, experts and managers of cooperatives is the educational priority.

The propofol anesthetic drug was used on 60 farmed Benny fish (Barbus sharpeyi) with mean (±SD) weight and length 99±30g and 208±19.2cm, respectively. The fish were divided into 6 treatments of 10 fish. The treatment 1(control group) was not exposed to any type of anesthesia material. Five treatments were exposed to propofol anesthetic drug with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10mg/l concentration by immersion method. The mean time of initial anesthesia, mean time of total anesthesia, mean recovery time from anesthesia and survival rate were investigated in treatments. Results showed that increasing of propofol dose had reduced with time of initial anesthesia. Treatment 2 and 3 with 2 and 4mg/l of propofol were significantly different with treatment 5 and 6 with 8 and 10mg/l of propofol material. The mean time of total anesthesia in treatments 5 and 6 with 8 and 10mg/l of propofol material were significantly different with treatments 2, 3 and 4 with 2, 4 and 6mg/l of propofol material, respectively. The mean (±SD) recovery time from anesthesia in Benny fish in treatment 5(8mg/l) was highest amount (428±33S) compared to other treatments. Survival rate in all treatment except treatment 6 (70%) was 100%. Overall, it appears that propofol material was as an anesthetic drug that present experiment showed safety. In 4-6mg/l concentration had the best performance in total anesthesia and recovery to initial condition.

Rutilus firisii kutum is one of the important fish in Caspian Sea that has significant economical role to the region. The overall objective of the project is to compare the growth and survival of Rutilus frisii Kutum larvae under conventional conditions and conditions under use of organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation or slurry. This study was conducted in nine 1.7 hec pounds with 3 treatments with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr Yousefpoor Center at Siakal Village, 32km far from city of Rasht in North of Iran. The first treatment considered as control using concentrated food and grinded kilka fish. In the second treatment, the pound was supplied only by slurry for 13 days followed by concentrated fish food. The third treatment started with slurry for 13 days followed by slurry and concentrated food together. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices were monitored weekly. The result indicated that production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate was 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons that is the food for larval stage of Rutilus frisi kutum. Nutritional contents of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, protein and lipid after anaerobic fermentation were higher in slurry treatment than control. The blue-green algae density in slurry pounds was less than control.

Present study carried out in 6 earthen ponds (3500 m^2 each) at the Zahak fish propagation and cultivation center. In July 2005 ponds were prepared and stocked with 1100 fish specimens with 40 g average weight. Stocking normative in two ponds (1 and 4) were 220 common carp, 110 grass carp, 715 silver carp, and 55 big head specimens. In the next two ponds (5 and 6) common carp reduced to 50% and Shizotorax zarudnyi was replaced. In the rest two ponds (7 and 8) common carp reduced to zero and totally replaced with Shizotorax zarudnyi. Manure and inorganic fertilizer were used during cultivation period. Carp was fed by concentrated food and grass carp was fed by alfalfa. At the end of the cultivation period (16 months) mean weights of common carp, grass carp, silver carp, big head, and Shizotorax zarudnyi reached 1201 g, 1572 g, 313 g, 486 g, 531 g respectively. Mean daily growth were 2.41 g, 3.19 g, 0.56 g, 0.92 g, 1 g respectively. Survival rate during cultivation period were 97.57%, 68.3%, 94%, 85.45%, 46.85% respectively. Biological parameters were recorded once a month. Other chemical and physical parameters such as air and water temperatures, oxygen, pH, twice per day and factors such as nitrite, nitrate, Ammoniac, transparency, salinity and phosphate were measured and recorded once per week. During cultivation period average pH was 7-10.34, water temperature was 0.5-33 °C, transparency was 12-115cm, salinity was 1.1-5 mg/l, oxygen was 2-10 mg/l, nitrite was 0.86-0.16 mg/l, nitrate was 0.06- 2.21 mg/l, and phosphate was 0.1-1.8 mg/l. Average total yields in the ponds 1 and 4 with standard normative for the region were 554, and 623 kg. In the ponds 5 and 6 with 50% Shizotorax zarudnyi were 514 and 518 kg, and in the ponds 7 and 8 with total Shizotorax zarudnyi replacement were 533 and 386 kg.

There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for warm water fish culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm in tree provinces (guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in fore disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) revise premium forms , claim forms, inspection forms 3) new formulation for insurance management 4) guide lines for diagnostic futures and prevention of manageable accident. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Fish culture has developed in Yazd province of Iran since recent decade and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss is the most important fisheries product in the area. There is a few information about carcass composition of cultured fish in Iran. Rainbow trout samples were collected from 6 fish brackish and fresh water fish farms of Yazd province during February 2007. Fish muscle samples were freezed in -30 C after being homogenized, till laboratory analyses. Proximate composition of samples contained 17.05-18.53% crude protein, 2.35-5.13% total fat, 1.31-1.7% ash and 74.18-77.05% wet. Saturated fatty acids including palmitic acid (14.06-19.60%), stearic acid (6.44-6.1%), myristic acid (1.29-5.66%) and lauric acid (0.13-2.76), also unsaturated fatty acids oleic (30.24-40.14%) and linoleic (21.18-38.85%) were extracted from muscle tissue of fish of different farms, using GC. Other unsaturated fatty acids including -linolenic acid, EPA and DHA had low concentrations (1-3%) in samples. Vitamin E level was 4.33-94.34 g/100gr. Concentration of minerals in homogenated muscle tissues were as: Na 822.58-1052.78ppm, K 12272.75-13715.25ppm, Ca 104.75-171.03ppm, Fe 19-40ppm, Cu 0.044- 1.01ppb, Zn 7.02-12.47ppb, Cd 0.879-1.099ppb and Cr 1.895-3.86ppb. Heavy metal concentrations were lower than permitted values.

In an attempt to provide a scientific basis and to discern data gaps for sustainable aquaculture expansion, we conducted a land evaluation and land use planning study to delineate areas suitable for coldwater fish culture complexes in the Golestan Province of Iran. The study was based on systematic land evaluation, a modified version of the McHarg cartographic method drawing upon ecological, social and economic factors. The minimum mapped area was 1.25t1.25Km and the Province was classified into suitable, medium, poor and unsuitable units. Elevation, slope, aspect, hydrography, temperature, evaporation, lithology, pedology, landuse, proximity to roads, protected areas and water resources were the factors included in the study. We successfully applied the method to the Province that resulted in distinguishing areas suitable for coldwater fish culture. Of the factors included in the study, proximity to roads was found to play important role in allocating an area to the activity. Also, slope, elevation, water temperature and evaporation were the other factors that helped in discerning the areas. We found that some parts of the province are amenable to the expansion of the aquaculture activities. Of the surface area of the Province, around 53 kilometers were found to be suitable for the culture. Also, 54 kilometers were moderately suitable and 68 kilometers were poorly suitable for the activity.

This research was carried out over a period of 60 days in the summer and autumn of 2005 in the Caspian Sea Aquaculture Research Station (Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center). Fingerlings of Rutilus frisii kutum weighting one gram were transferred to fiberglass 100 liter tanks each stocked with 35 fish. The fish were divided into five groups and treated with five treatments and three replicates including, fresh water, 4ppt, 6ppt, 8ppt, and 10ppt salinity by completely randomized design. We found that different salinities did not affect the mortality rate of the fish. Comparison of food conversion ratio (FCR), special growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) between control and other treatments revealed a significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.05). We also found that the 4ppt treatment differed meaningfully with 8ppt and 10ppt treatments in terms of FCR, SGR and WG (P less than or equal to 0.05) and the same was true between 6ppt and 8ppt and 10ppt treatments for the FCR, SGR and WG. The results showed that the maximum and minimum weight gain were related to 10ppt treatment (mean 58.9 plus or minus 2.71) and control (mean 39.1 plus or minus 4.73) respectively. The minimum special growth rate (0.549 plus or minus 0.057) was referred to the control treatment and the maximum (0.772 plus or minus 0.028) was seen in 10ppt salinity .The minimum average FCR (3.93 plus or minus 0.122) was seen in 10ppt salinity and the maximum (5.6 plus or minus 0.601) was observed in the control treatment. According to the results, it is suggested that the optimal salinity for fingerlings with mean weight 1gr is 8ppt and 10ppt.

A complete random design involving four diets was conducted to determine the effects of acorn meal as a pellet binder and pellet stabilizer and to assess its effects on chemical carcass characteristic of Rainbow Trout. Juvenile rainbow trout with an average weight of 74 grams were reared after application of antiseptic processes in Boldaji station of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province for 135 days. The diets l-4 were formulated such that they contained 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent acorn meal, respectively. In doing so, we considered nutritive requirements of rainbow trout based on NRC using UFFDA dietary software. We also used local material in providing the diets. The feed was given three times a day the amount of which was based on fish biomass in each pound. In the end of the experiments and after 24 hours of fasting, 10 fish from each pound were randomly sampled. Chemical carcass characteristic were determined using AOAC procedure after the gut, internal organs, head and fins were removed. Pellet stability was also determined. Chemical carcass characteristics for the four treatments were nearly the same except for the ash (P>0.05).The least pellet stability was in control diet which had no acorn meal and the highest was in diet containing 6% acorn meal (P

Anesthetic drugs are widely used aquaculture farms and can create consumption problems for humans, so there is a great need to safer drugs. With regard to long record of herbal drugs consumption in Iran and their benefits, we survey the possibility of using Valerian officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Papaver somniferum, and P. bracteatum as fish anesthetic. We provided, processed, and made consistent extractions of V. officinalis (2, 3 4g/lit), M. officinalis (5, 10, 15g/lit), P. somniferum (0.85, 1.6, 3.2g/lit) and P. bracteatum (0.3, 0.6, 0.9g/lit). We selected 60 goldfish Carassius auratus in the weight range of 7.41 plus or minus 0/2g, and the length range of 8.4 plus or minus 0/11cm and kept them in laboratory conditions under the same oxygen and temperature. The fish were divided into four groups each containing 15 fish and further into three subgroups of five fish each. During the experiments, two herbs P. somniferum and P. bracteaturn were eliminated from statistical analysis because of biased results.

The direct contact of the fish gill with water makes it one the most susceptible organs of the fishes where microbial and chemical water pollution causes pathological lesions to the gill. We studied the variety and abundance of gill lesions of rainbow trout and compared them between extensive and intensive culture systems. We selected four farms of rainbow trout culture in East Azerbaijan province, two extensive and two intensive culture farms and collected 384 gill samples from each culture system in autumn 2006. After gross examination, representative sections of the gills were fixed immediately in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were cut to 4km thickness and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Histopathologically, most of the lesions, in intensive system, were mainly consisted of edema and hyperemia. However, epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia and telangiectasia were also seen. In extensive system, the lesions were more severe and were mainly consisted of edema, hyperemia, acute hemorrhage, necrosis and fibrosis. From the 384 samples of each culture system, 124 cases were injured in the intensive culture system and the whole of 384 cases were injured in the extensive culture system.

For the first time in the world, the effect of Zataria multiflora essence in concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm on Oncorhynchus mykiss fry weighing on average 15±2 g and cultured Salmo trutta caspius weighing on average 40±4 g was studied. The water temperature was 16-17 °C, dissolved oxygen was 7±0.2 and pH was 8 during the investigation. O. mykiss and S. trutta caspius reached complete sedation during an average time of 3 and 2 minutes respectively in the two concentrations. The mean balance and recovery time were 2 and 3 minutes respectively. Results showed that the sedation and recovery time are significantly different in the two species and with the two concentrations of the sedative (P

We studied rainbow trout eggs requirements to macro elements Ca, Mg, Na and K at different stages of incubation period. The research was carried out at Namroud rainbow trout hatchery center in winter 2005. Two incubators in equal conditions were selected. The first was stocked with approximately 60000 eggs and the second had no eggs. A total of 100 fertilized eggs were sampled and assessed for the elements before introduction of the eggs to the incubator. Weekly samples were taken from the eggs and water of the first and second incubator. The sampled eggs were digested by Tripathi method and concentration of the elements in eggs extract was measured by ICP apparatus. In addition, variation of these elements between input and discharge water of both incubators was investigated.

The toxic effects of agricultural pesticides Dyazinon, Hinosan and Tilt (Propiconazole) were studied on Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings (1-3g) in Spring 2005. We conducted our experiments in aquaria holding 20L water in static systems based on O.E.C.D method using five treatments, one control concentration and three replications. In each aquarium, ten individual Ship Sturgeon fingerlings were introduced, and water physical and chemical factors were controlled to be in the range pH=7-8, TH>400mg/l (CaCO _(3)) as for the water used for culture, and DO=80% and temperature was kept between 24 ±1°C. Our results for the LC _(50) value of Dyazinon, Hinosan and Tilt in 96 hours were 0.36, 0.28 and 3.9mg/l in the fish fingerlings. We also determined the maximum allowable concentration value of the toxins at 0.036, 0.028 and 0.39, respectively.

The processing and comparison of quality of meat in farmed Acipenser persicus using two methods of dry and mix salting was carried out to provide a new formula for processing new sturgeon products. Ten fish specimens with a mean weight and length of 2 kilograms and 60cm that were farmed for two years were used in this study. The meat of the specimens was processed using pure salt and a mixture of salt and one percent madder. Two replicates were used for each method. In the first method, dry sodium chloride was used at a rate of 250g of sodium chloride per kilogram body weight of fish (dry salting). In the second method, about 10g of madder was added to the 250g of sodium chloride (mix salting). Microbial examinations included total bacterial counts, Staphylococcus and Coliform bacteria assessment and chemical examinations included salt, protein and fat absorption, TVN, peroxide, and pH tests. Sensory tests as well as microbial and chemical experiments were carried out for the quality control of the processed samples for a period of three months. According to the results, Iranian National Standard and pure plate culture method (10 ^ (-1), 10 ^ (-2) and 10 ^ (-3)) Coliform counts in the two different meat samples was lower than 10 per gram of meat. The total bacterial count and the Staphylococcus bacteria count was higher in the meat samples processed with dry salting. Besides, the rate of salt absorption and peroxide was lower in these samples. The protein, fat, pH and humidity were higher in the samples treated with dry salting. However, taste, flavor and color of the meat processed with a mixture of sodium chloride and madder was higher quality than that processed with dry sodium chloride. No significant differences were observed in chemical factors such as TVN and salt absorption for the two processing methods. This was also the case for microbial analysis including bacterial counts such as Staphylococcus and total bacterial count.

To improve Persian sturgeon nutrition and determine its nutritional requirements, a growth trial was conducted to measure optimum dietary protein to energy ratio in Persian sturgeon sub-yearlings. Four diets: H (P/E=21.33mg/kJ), N (P/E=20.24mg/kJ), L (P/E=19.22 mg/kJ) and M (P/E=18.26mg/kJ) were used in the experiment. Triplicate groups of fish were kept in 500L fiberglass tanks under homogenous culture conditions (dissolved oxygen, light and water flow rate) and fed with the experimental diets. Fish were fed to satiation four times per day during 130 one fourth ¬ days of experiment when the average water temperature and dissolved oxygen were 12.82 plus or minus 1.48 degree C and 9.55 plus or minus 0.18 mg/l respectively. Fish in all treatments grew fast and efficiently utilized the diets. Growth rate, FE, GR, SGR and PER increased with decreasing dietary protein to energy ratios. A higher growth was observed in the fishes fed with lower P/E ratios. Food intake and fatness coefficient increased with increasing dietary energy and decreasing P/E ratios. There were no significant differences in feeding efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed with diet N (high carbohydrate and low lipid content) and diet L (low carbohydrate and high lipid content). We conclude that the Persian sturgeon is able to use lipids and carbohydrates as non-protein sources of energy. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content and P/E ratio for optimum growth and efficient protein utilization in Persian sturgeon is 40% and 18.3-19.2 mg protein/kJ energy, respectively.

In this study, Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) was used for emulsifying and sustained releasing of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The hormone [D-Ala6, des GlylO] m GnRHa was diluted in 0.25ml physiological saline and mixed with equal volume of FIA (GnRHa-FIA). A group of Rainbow trout broodstock were injected with GnRHa-FIA and compared with those receiving the treatment in two steps or one acute GnRHa injection. All of the fish that received GnRHa in emulsified form or in two steps injection ovulated in 10 and 11 days after injection respectively. In contrast, only 75% of the control fish and 60% of the fish with an acute injection ovulated up to 36 days after injection.

A series of experiments were conducted on the polyculture of Pike Perch Sander lucioperca with silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and common carp. The experiments were carried out from April to November 2004 in Sefidrood Fisheries Research Station, Guilan Province of Iran. The carp density was 3000 fish individuals per hectare and stocking rates were 60% for silver carp, 10% for common carp, 10% for bighead carp and 20% grass carp. The Pike Perch fingerlings each weighting 2.1 plus or minus 0.254 grams, were released into the polyculture ponds at a rate of 250 individuals per hectare. We recorded survival rates 93.33% and 83.77% for the pike perch and the Chinese carps respectively. During the experiments, the pike perch fingerlings attained an average weight of 54.40 plus or minus 13.23 grams. We found significant differences between the results of the pike perch polyculture with Chinese carps and those of the common procedures. The total polyculture production was 4446.66 kilograms per hectare as opposed to 3212.8 kilograms in the common procedures.

Influence of phytase enzyme and replacement of fishmeal protein by soybean meal protein on growth and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens each with a mean weight of 121.75~c5.95g were studied. Experimental diets by factorial method 3*3, containing three levels of replacement (0.0, 35 and 70%) and three levels of microbial phytase (0.0, 1000, 2000 units/kg diet) were formulated and prepared. Nine treatments and three replicates of random groups of 20 fish per each 2 cubic meter (2*2*0.5m) tank were used in the study. All diets contained 36-38% protein and about 4000 cal/g energy. During the 9 weeks period of the study, fish were fed to satiation level, three times daily. Statistical results indicated that the increase of replacement level to 35% had no significant effect on growth index (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Effect of replacement on body composition was not significant, except for crude energy which decreased in 70% level (P≥0.05). Effect of phytase enzyme on growth index was positive and 2000 units/kg diet of phytase showed the best result (P≥0.05), but phytase levels had no significant effect on body composition. Result also showed that there was a significant interaction between phytase enzyme and meal rep lacement (P≥0.05). We suggest using 2000 units/kg diets of phytase with at least 35% replacement of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein as a suitable formula for growing rainbow trout.

A study was conducted to determine , feeding , reproduction in 12 stations in the Caspian Sea basin of Iran including Anzali wetland (lagoon), Ghorigol wetland, Neor lake , south Caspian coastal water (Iranian of shore), and several springs in Alborz mountains In addition sampling of Plankton and physical and chemical factors of the water body were also done in all stations. Special aquariums were designed to test the acclimation of the 7 amphipoda in pond culture. This process was performed from march 2001 to Feb 2003. The finding showed that while reproduction of Gammarus lacustris and Gammarus paricrenatus were only about 3 months , that Gammarus komareki lasted throught the year. From diet studies of intestine content have been showed that there is not a correlation between abundance and diversity of plankton with habitat for all species, except about Pontogarnrnarus maeoticus and P. borceae from Kelachi coast that had a high plankton abundance. Gammarus aequicauda (37.75 ± 31.04) and Obesogammarus acuminatus (49.07 ± 40.4) had the maximum of average eggs production while G. komareki had the lowest clutch sizes with mean about 7-8 eggs. Species tolerance to changes in environmental factors (Physical and chemical variation) were limited in the springs while those off coastal water species and Obesogammarus acuminatus were wider. In aquarium (laboratory) study, it was found that although Gammarus lacustris showed some growth but did not reproduce. Gammarus paricrenatus, in later stage of study, reproduced and grow in length during most experiment period. Although Gammarus komareki survived and a little active life, but was not able to acclimate itself to laboratory condition. The findings showed that four species P. maeoticus, P. borceae, O. acuminatus, and G. aequcauda , seems to be good candidate for acclimation study in warm water fish farms. Their living in the ponds can be enhanced by some limited alteration in substrate structure (P. maeoticus, P. borceae), presence of submerged aquatic plants (O. acuminatus) and higher water salinity (more than 2 ppt) for G. aequcauda.. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Jajrood River and its drainage basin are of utmost importance to Tehran. Samplings were carried out to determine factors affecting water quality and the changes in those factors. Fish culture ponds and the sewage produced by them are one of the most important sources of water contamination in the river. Chemical tests were also conducted in four stations. Considering flow of the river and its morphology, the results show that DO, BOD, COD, NO_3, NO_2, pH, NH_3 and PO_4 are in the standard range but the amount of Coliform bacteria in all stations are more than the standard limits.

The efficacy of different disinfectants (formalin, acetic acid, citric acid, chlorhexidine, sodium iodide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite and cetrimide-c) was examined on Streptococcus iniae, isolated from diseased fish of Fars province over the years 2002-2004. In laboratory condition, minimum bactericidal concentration of disinfectants after 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes were evaluated. Disinfectants were also tested under natural conditions with addition of a known concentration of bacterial suspension into water. An effective concentration of each disinfectant that had been determined in the first part of this study was added to the culture tanks and water samples were collected after 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes to evaluate streptococcus isolation. A 3-5ppm concentration of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite were powerful disinfectants against S. iniae. Acetic acid and citric acid were efficient in a concentration ranging between 350-500ppm showing very weak disinfectant activity against S. iniae. Results of tank tests showed that a bio-film is formed in the tanks may have significant effect on lowering the efficiency of disinfectants, thus most disinfectants were only effective at a higher concentration. Generally, sodium iodide and sodium hypochlorite were more efficient against S. iniae in tank condition than other disinfectants.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of phytase enzyme on phosphorus, protein, fat, dry matter and energy digestibility of four practical plant feed stuffs wheat meal (WM), corn meal (CM), wheat bran (WB), rice bran (RB) in rainbow trout feeding. Five diets containing of one reference diet include of fish meal, soybean meal and meat flour, were prepared. Feed stuffs were mixing 75% of base diet with 25% of WM or CM and 85% of based diet with 15% of WB or RB with similar gross energy. Chromic oxide was added at 0.5% of the diet and used as an indigestible marker. A phytase solution was sprayed post pelleting on the all diets at minimum concentration of fat 1000 phytase units per Kg (FTU/Kg) dry diets. Experiment was done in two cubic metric tanks that were filled with 500 liters water. Maximum and minimum temperature, oxygen and pH were 15 and 18 degree C, 8 and 6.8 mg/l and 7.7 and 7.5 respectively. Results showed that phytase had not significantly effect on amount of bone phosphorus and protein digestibility (p>0.05), but the amount of these indexes were increased with phytase supplementation. Moreover phytase significantly improved digestibility of dry matter. Results also showed that kind of diets had different effects on the nutrition digestibility. diets had not significantly effects (p>0.05) on the amount of bone phosphorus and protein digestibility but totally diets containing of WM, CM, WB and RB had better nutrition digestibility respectively that can use them in Rainbow trout diet due to their availability.

Sturgeon fish take long time to mature sexually and determination of sex and sexual maturity stages is important in artificial rearing of the fish. Sex determination by macroscopic method has thus far been impossible for the fish at juvenile stages. Gonad biopsy and its histological examination is one way for detecting male and female sturgeon fishes. To do so, we collected gonad samples from 13 five year old and 17 six year old specimens of the cultured Acipenser nudiventris. Samples were studied by light microscope after fixing and histological practices. Of the 13 five years old specimens, only 3 (23.1%) were male and 10 (76.9 %) were females. From 17 six years old fish, 10 (58.8%) were males and 7 (41.2%) were females. Histological studies showed that all male fish were at stage IV, but 5.8 % of all females were at stage I, 41.2 % were at stage II and 53 % were at stage II-III of sexual maturation. We also showed that in the studies sample, males reached maturity sooner than females.

A 3t2 factorial feeding trial of three dietary protein levels (45, 50 and 55%) and two dietary crude energy levels (4200 and 4600 cal/g) with three replications was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of fingerling Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fingerlings with average weight of 135 plus or minus 0.24mg were fed the experimental diets for 45 days.

We collected 100 specimens of Persian sturgeon brood stocks propagated in Shahid Marjani Fish Culture Center to study internal parasites during March, April and May 2005. The center is located in the southeast of the Caspian Sea. Three different parasite species were recovered from digestive tract (stomach and intestine) of the fish. Cucullanus sphaerocephalus, Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus showed the highest incidence and highest mean intensity (with prevalence of 80% and 55% respectively) but Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus had the lower prevalene 2 %. The prevalence of S. semiarmatus and C. sphaerocephalus were higher in males than in females whereas the intensity of these parasites was higher in females than in males. Statistical analysis of data showed a significant relationship between the occurrence of S. semiarmatus and the sex of the fish. There was a significant relationship between the occurrence of C. sphaerocephalus and the length of the fish (P 6 0.05). Forty nine percent of the fish had less than 10 worms. It was also found that the internal parasites of A. persicus in the southeast of the Caspian Sea are the same as those found in the southwest but the diversity of parasites were fewer in the former.

Increase in water pH in recirculation fish culture systems turns ammonium into ammonia which can kill fish even in low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to apply ion exchange and air stripping methods to remove ammonium in effluents of recirculation fish culture systems. Ion exchange method was done using Graded Zeolite Clinoptilolite from Semnan Province to remove ammonium and air stripping was applied to zap ammonium from Zeoilte. Regeneration tests were conducted in which known weights of ammonium saturated Clinoptilolite were contacted with 1 normal concentration of CINa solution. Different concentrations of ammonium were selected and the effects of temperature and pH in releasing ammonia were also investigated. Results show that the cation exchange capacities in continuous systems were 7.61 to 11.22 (in breakthrough point) and 16.31 to 19.5mg ammonium per gram of ion exchanger as total capacity. The results of regeneration experiments by NaCI (1 normal) solution proved the efficiency of chemical regeneration of zeolite column to be as high as 94.9% to 99.1%. The efficiency of regeneration by air stripping was determined to be 92% in 16 hours. The efficiency of acid absorption of released ammonia in stripping process was determined as 55% where the surplus was rejected to the atmosphere. It is concluded that the method may be regarded as a completing process for water treatment in closed fish tanks.

The test have been conducted in 2000 m2paddy field. It is also a 2000 m 2rice. land (only rice cultivated) have been used as a control. The rice seed of Hashemy linecultivated including 430. numbers of Chinese carps fry being stocked at the rate of46.5% common carp, 30.2% grass carp, 23.3 silver carp in the trial plot, for protectiona supporting enclosure was set-up around test land. on lower part of rice field arefugee pond with a surface of 200 m2, depth of one meter was created for saving thefishes during drought or drying phase. After prepartion of land and planting riceseedling in the test plot which occured in June, nearly after 30 days lapsed, on thetime, when the water level reached almost 20 cm the fries were stocked, for trial.Water level in concurrent with rice grouth was increased, this helped the stock fisheasily use all parts of the space. Rice bran, wheat for live-stock fed to the culture fish,in proprotion of 1-2 precent of total fish-biomass. The feed sooked in plastic-pan andplaced in refugee pond. At the begining of september when rice bushes had yellowish color and the rice seedget hard, water level was decreased, in this situation the fishes were crowded in refugepond, nearly one week the rice field kept dried for harvesting, subsequently the waterlevel again rised and the fish rearing kept on until October and on the same monththe fishes being caught. Duration of fish rearing with rice in paddy field lasted 116days, from June until October. The period, when rice was harvested lasted 64 days (June-septcmber) and the timefor fish rearing after rice harvesting took 52 days (Feb-Oct). In 2000 m2of rice and fish cultivation plot, 585 kg (per ha 2955 kg) unhusked rice produced which equal to390 kg white rice and 121 kg fishes was yielded (605 kg ha) which common carp 52kg, silver carp 35 kg and grass carp 34 kg. Likewise, in coutrol plot, 660 kg paddy rice(per ha 3300 kg) was produced which was equal to 400 kg white rice. The results revealed in similar surface (2000 m2), The rearing fish with rice contributed to627200 Rials further income for farmer. A generalization to one hectar land the valuereach to 3136000 Rials. In the usual practies the profite in one hectar land, under farming of rice only bring-about 770000 Rials interest, whereas fish and rice togetherin culture, improve the output and the yielded value is equal to 10836000 Rials. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Without abstract. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published