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Introduction and purpose: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in adult diabetic patients. Therefore, it is necessary to provide patients with appropriate training programs, such as multimedia education as a new and effective method to enhance their understanding of self-care. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multimedia education on disease perception and eye care performance in type 2 diabetic patients referring to Birjand Diabetes Clinic in 2019. Methods: This controlled clinical trial included 70 patients who were divided into two groups according to the inclusion criteria.The intervention group received 4 multimedia educational sessions (one session per week). The relevant parameters were measured before and after the intervention . Moreover, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (vesrion18). Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group in terms of the mean score of eye care performance (P=0.005). Moreover, a significant difference was observed before and after the study regarding the mean diastolic pressure in the case group (P=0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention in terms of the mean score of perception of disease (P=0.35), blood glucose changes (P=0.13), hemoglobin A1c (P=0.86), and systolic blood pressure (P=0.89). Conclusion: In this study, the implementation of multimedia method improved the performance of eye care in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use this educational method to improve self-care in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background and Aim: considering based on the presence or absence of swelling of the optic disc, optic neuritis classified into two types of anterior and retrobulbar optic neuritis. The aim of this study was to compare the visual functions of patients with anterior optic neuritis and retrobulbar optic neuritis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 patients with optic neuritis including 35 patients (26 females) with retrobulbar optic neuritis and 13 patients (10 females) with anterior optic neuritis. Total cases aged ranging from 18 to 45 years old. The patients underwent clinical tests of visual functions, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision. The collected data was recorded and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. The significance of the differences between two types of the diseases were calculated and compared by independent t-test. Results: The anterior optic neuritis patients were slightly older than the retrobulbar optic neuritis ones (Average30.6yearsVs26.6years).Average defect to the visual functions was more severe in anterior optic neuritis in compare to retrobulbar. The visual functions of visual acuity (t=1.74, P=0.048) and color vision (t=-3.00, P=0.005) were significantly different between two types of the diseases. However, there was not a statistically significant difference (t=1.64, P=0.104) for contrast sensitivity as a visual function. Conclusion: In the retrobulbar optic neuritis that there is not a specific appearance of fundoscopy,the visual function of contrast sensitivity can be used as a helpful tool for primary diagnosis of the disease, especially [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Optic neuritis causes some deficits in visual function in the affected eye and there are some differences in these functions between the affected and unaffected eyes. The purpose of the study is to compare visual functions of both eyes to demonstrate the minimum and maximum value of affection in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients (23 female, 7 male aged between 18 and 45 years) who 22 patients with retro-bulbar and 8 patients with anterior optic neuritis, enrolled in the study and their affected and unaffected eyes underwent visual function assessments. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), color vision (CV), and visual field (VF) (consist of MA and PSD) were examined for both eyes of all the patients and the significance of the differences between two eyes were calculated and compared by Independent T-test. Results: According to our results, all the investigated visual functions consist of VA (t-test, t=7.29, P=0.00), CS (t-test, t=9.20, P=0.00), CV (t-test, t= -21.95, P=0.00), MD (t-test, t=5.29, P=0.01) except PSD (t-test, t=0.67, P=0.71) were affected by optic neuritis and there was a significant difference between the affected and unaffected eyes (P<0.01). The most significant difference were found for contrast sensitivity with letters (P=0.00) and there wasn't any significance in the difference between two eyes for PSD parameter in VF (P=0.71). Conclusion: Considering the most significant difference of contrast sensitivity between affected and unaffected eyes in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis, it is suggested to pay more attention to the test in evaluating, diagnosis and follow up patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Normal vision is essential to interact with widespread digital technologies. Higher order aberrations (HOA) are one of the important causes of image degradation in patients suffering from keratoconus, pterygium, or irregular astigmatism. These aberrations cannot be corrected by common ways of refractive errors correction like spectacles. Besides, other methods of HOA correction (e.g. customized contact lenses) are not easily accessible in many regions and photo-refractive surgeries like laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are expensive. A novel method to correct HOA is pre-compensation of images displayed on computer monitors to provide unaberrated images. We used total variation (TV) deconvolution to pre-compensate images and compared the results with previous methods based on Wiener deconvolution. Methods: MATLAB was used for simulations. Each HOA was reconstructed using single-index scheme for Zernike coefficients. Pupil diameter was assumed to be four millimeters. Root-mean-square error of simulated aberrations was greater than 0.35 micrometers. Point spread functions corresponding to each HOA were created and TV deconvolution was used to pre-compensate the images. Findings: Strehl ratio of TV pre-compensation is very close to the results of Wiener pre-compensation method. Besides, execution time for TV Pre-compensation algorithm is about 20% faster than Wiener. Conclusion: Simulations ascertain that TV based pre-compensation method is a fast and efficient way to pre-compensate the images, and it could improve the patient's perceived retinal image quality. One more advantage of using TV algorithm is that we could enhance the results just by altering one parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red eye is the most common sign of ocular inflammation. Serious cases of red eye need diagnosis and proper treatment by ophthalmologist but many other from of red eye can be managed primarily by health care personals. If General practioners were able to diagnose and differentiate the causes of red eye the serious complication have not been observed and the patients were have been treated on due time. Some of the causes of red eye are: blepharitis, corneal erosion, sub conjunctival hemorrhage, glaucoma, episcleritis and scleritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]