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Abstract Nowadays, the use of artificial intelligence is common to increase the accuracy of the study and, close to reality, is used in the oil industry to increase the accuracy of studying and understanding the relationship between various parameters. The main purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the two methods of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) in porosity estimation, which is static oil modeling. The data from seven wells in the offshore field (Hendijan Oilfield) of the northwestern Persian Gulf were examined. In this regard, post-stack seismic attributes which have a significant relationship with porosity and porosity log for each well were used to compare the performance of the ELM and RBF networks under the same conditions. Eventually, it reveals that ELM is quite sensitive to the data set and needs more data points to prepare a map (quantitatively), but is better than RBF in terms of classification (qualitative). On the other hand, RBF is one of the most powerful algorithms in mapping, especially in low numbers of data points, which can be challenging for others.

A survey on the morphology and biology of the elm leaf-mining moth Bucculatrix ulmifoliae was conducted under natural conditions. The developmental periods of 1th +2th, 3th, 4th and 5th larval instars as well as pupa were calculated as 6.40±0.67, 1.76±0.12, 1.92±0.20, 3.51±0.37, 9.61±0.77 days, in a cage at field; and 6.40±0.66, 1.50±0.27, 1.78±0.47, 2.71±0.48, 7.64±0.33 days at the laboratory (25±2°C, RH 65±5 and 16L: 8D hours) respectively. The average life span of the moth was obtained as 23.04±1.02 days at the laboratory and 25.84±0.91 days at the field. Adults of the first generation appeared in early April. The fertile females laid their eggs underside of leaves near the midribs. Upon hatching, the first instar larva penetrates directly via base of the egg into the leaf tissue and creates the mine. B. ulmifoliae had three generations of which the second generation showed its tendency for oviposition. Third generation was observed from the first half of August, and overwintering started at the first half of September. The first and second instars mined the leaf and fed inside, while the other instars fed externally on the underside. Bucculatrix ulmifoliae has three generations a year and overwintering as a pupa in a cocoon in the crevices of barks and fallen leaves on the ground.

The National Botanical Garden of Iran (NBGI) with an area of 145 hectares contains various plants with different ecological requirements, including trees, shrubs, herbs and ornamentals. Weakness and decline of some tree species including Elm trees of botanical garden is one of the problems, which considered as the main priorities to be investigated by the garden authorities. Soil productivity and plant nutrient were concerned to be studied. For this reason, soil samples were taken from three layers of each profile (0-10, 10-30 and 30-100 cm) around Elm trees, after studying the soil profile morphology. Leaf sampling was made at appropriate time in order to test N, P, K at first year and N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn at second year. Results showed that the soil texture was sandy, organic mater was low and pH was alkaline. The mineral elements were lower than the optimum range in soil and tree leaves. It can be concluded that increasing soil organic matter, adding adequate amount of manure and chemical fertilizers to soil and applying appropriate irrigation regime might improve the plants health and growth and prevent their decline.

This study evaluated the effect of temperature, light and storage treatments on seed germination of three provenances of Ulmus glabra at Mazandaran province of Iran. For this reason, after collecting the seeds from three origins and determining their viability and moisture content, the initial seed germination percentage under temperature and light treatments were studied. Temperature treatments including 20, 25 ºC and 30/20 ºC (8 hours at 30 ºC and 16 hours at 20 ºC) and light treatments including eight hours of light and 24 hours of dark. Also, after seed storage for one year in -4ºC, germination behaviors at the light and temperature treatments were investigated. The results of this study showed that temperature had significant effect on primary germination percentage of Ulmus glabra seeds and in the three provenances. The initial seed germination percentage was the highest at 30/20 ºC in the light and the dark treatments. After one year seed storage, its light demand increased and the highest percentage of seed germination was observed at 30/20 ºC and eight hour light period. There was significant difference between the seed origins in terms of seed germination. Seed germination percentage was the highest in Lajim than the two other provenances.