Search

Abstract:Problem Statement: Selmas City situated in West Azerbaijan province at coordinates 38° 12ʹ north and 44° 46ʹ and 40ʺ east experienced a significant earthquake almost a century ago. On Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, May 17, 1930, the city was struck by a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 on the Richter scale and 2.7 on the Geophysics Institute scale. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the history of Azerbaijan and the broader Middle East region up until that time. The year 1930 became synonymous with seismic activity, earning the name "Selmas" in the annals of seismology. Objective: This research aimed to investigate and examine the impact of the May 1309 earthquake on the human geography, as well as the historical and ancient structures of Selmas City and its surrounding region. Methodology: This study adopted a fundamental research approach, employing a descriptive and analytical methodology. It relied on primary sources, such as documents, libraries, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Results: The findings of this research revealed that the Selmas earthquake had led to the destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its vicinity. The extent of the damage extended from Selmas Plain to Qatur, Khoy, and Upper Zab Regions in Turkey. Alongside the loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives, this earthquake had caused substantial damage to numerous historical and ancient structures throughout the entire Selmas Region.Keywords: Selmas, Azerbaijan, Historical Building, Earthquake. Introduction:Nearly a century ago, on May 16, 1930, the city of Selmas experienced an earthquake measuring M=5.5 at 10:00 in the morning. This initial earthquake resulted in the destruction of several villages and caused damage to the roofs and walls of rural houses. However, the most significant event occurred later that night, marking the main earthquake. At midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17, 1930, a powerful earthquake measuring M=7.4 struck Selmas, leading to the catastrophic destruction of the city and the majority of its surrounding villages. This earthquake stood as one of the most devastating seismic events in the Azerbaijan region, resulting in the complete devastation of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 villages within Selmas Plain and its periphery. The human casualties of this earthquake ranged between 2,500 and 4,000 lives lost. The impact was not limited to human life as numerous ancient and historical structures in Selmas fell victim to the disaster. The 4-meter wall of Dilmaqan City, mosques, Christian churches, the medieval minarets of Mirkhatun in the old city, and many old bridges were among the structures destroyed. The earthquake caused significant changes in the natural, human, and historical geography of Selmas Region. Materials & Methods:The methodology employed in this study was based on both descriptive and analytical methods, drawing upon primary sources, such as historical and geographical texts, official reports, accounts from local residents, and field studies encompassing geology and earthquakes. Research Findings:The findings presented in this research were derived from a comprehensive review of historical literature and localized investigations. The significant and devastating earthquake that struck Selmas in the year 1309 stood out as one of the most destructive seismic events in Azerbaijan Region. Occurring 15 hours after the initial pre-earthquake tremor, the main earthquake took place at midnight on Tuesday or the morning of Wednesday, May 17. Its impact resulted in the complete destruction of Dilmaqan City and approximately 60 surrounding villages within Selmas Plain and the adjacent areas. The extent of devastation extended from Selmas Plain to the village of Qatur and the Upper Zab Road in Turkey, leading to the tragic loss of 2,500 to 4,000 lives in Selmas. This article delved into the examination of the morphological changes and transformations caused by Selmas Earthquake, as well as the extent of damage inflicted upon ancient monuments in Selmas Region. Discussion of Results & Conclusion:The period following the Safavid era was marked by instability, resulting in a scarcity of significant archaeological monuments in Selmas Area. If any structures existed, they were likely constructed during the Qajar era, but unfortunately, they were largely destroyed in the aftermath of the First World War. Analysis of the ancient remnants in Selmas indicated that the structures situated in mountainous regions, such as ancient castles and Urartoi crypts, or those constructed using stone exhibited relatively good resistance against the powerful Selmas earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2. However, all the structures made of clay and other similar materials vanished.The Selmas earthquake of such magnitude brought about significant changes to the tectonic, seismotectonic, and geomorphological aspects of Selmas Region and the enduring impact of these changes is evident to this day. Notable transformations included the destruction of urban infrastructure, damage to residential areas, formation of earthquake faults and land fissures, hill collapses, landslides within the region, fluctuations in the water level of Lake Urmia accompanied by violent waves, alterations in the water level of wells, and emergence of water springs (Bolaghi Earthquake).Approximately two weeks after the city's devastation, a new city was established one kilometer away from the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city in the present location of Selmas. This new city was meticulously designed with proper urban planning and engineering, following a grid pattern. Today, little remains of the ruins of the earthquake-stricken city as they have been repurposed for agricultural and residential use.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interaction of users (graduate students of Kharazmi University) with Ganj database in order to evaluate the performance of this database according to the honeycomb user experience model. It is expected that the results of this study can help to solve the existing interactive difficulties while identifying the status of effective elements in the user experience in interacting with this database. This research is practical and was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire that was designed using 7 components of the honeycomb: the usefulness, accessibility, usability, searchability, validity, desirability and value of the Iranian scientific database (Ganj). Analysis of research data were performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Also we used Amos software to confirm the research model using path analysis method. Findings showed that there was a great positive effect between accessibility and usability, usefulness and availability, desirability and credibility of the Ganj database; that is, with increasing the amount of accessibility variable, the amount of usability variable and with increasing the amount of utility variable, the amount of accessibility variable and vice versa increases. As a result, if the Ganj database is not accessible, the usability and usefulness of this database, which aims to publish information for researchers, as well as the usefulness of the services provided to researchers by this database will be reduced. As the desirability variable increases, the validity variable increases and vice versa. As a result, if students are dissatisfied with the features of desirability (appearance design, design capabilities of search components ...), their trust in the database will be lost and the credibility of the Ganj database in providing better services will be reduced. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the variable "value" as a strong and powerful variable has a direct and indirect positive effect on other research variables. This finding shows that if a database like Ganj does not create value for users, other components related to the user experience will not be in a good condition, and vice versa. Among these, the accessibility variable is also of special importance, which affects other variables in the Ganj database. As a result of not having access to the Ganj database, the usability of this database is reduced. If the capabilities of using the Ganj database are compromised, the credibility and usefulness of the Ganj will be reduced, and therefore users will lose their trust in this database, and the work with Ganj will not be satisfactory and useful for its users.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.

Introduction: Joy and cheerfulness is the missing thing of contemporary man and the common desire of all people. Man is a purposeful being who seeks joy, happiness, and prosperity, and he does not feel joy, happiness, and prosperity until he achieves what he wants. The cheerfulness is one of the factors affecting economic, social, cultural, and political development and promotes sustainable development. Methods: The present study was conducted with a phenomenological social approach and with the aim of examining psychologists' experiences of social vitality. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 psychologists with PhD degrees and at least five years of teaching experience in the academic level. Findings: Smith's phenomenological method was used to analyze the data, during which eight main themes and 46 sub-themes were extracted from the data. Discussion: The results showed that in some sub-themes such as the definition of social vitality, consequences, obstacles, and causes, there is some alignment between the views of psychologists and the background; However, there are different results in the solutions. Psychologists, based on their psychological perspectives and experiences, have proposed various solutions for parents and organizations at the micro and macro levels. For example, their proposed solutions include not politicizing social vitality, careful selection of officials and meritocracy, reducing the distance between social classes, organizing the economic situation, having a scientific view on the issue of social vitality and several other strategies. The results of this study will pave the way for further research in the field of interventions related to social vitality.

Background and purpose: Misuse of antibiotics diminishes microbial balance of the body which has led to emergence of new diseases. In this research, we studied the effect of essential oils of Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum verum, Trachyspermum ammi, and Carum carvi on intestinal microorganisms’ effect in dysbiosis in vitro. Materials and methods: Essential oils were prepared by indirect steam distillation. Pure and lyophilized microorganisms were purchased from Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST). After the culture media was preapered the wells were created over the agar plates and antimicrobial activity was defined by measuring the inhibition zone diameter after 24 hours. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils were studied by well assay methods, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Results were interpreted using CLSI standards. Results: Cinnamomum verum had the highest inhibitory effect on all pathogens. Trachyspermum ammi essential oils had moderate inhibitory effect on all pathogens except shigella Flexneri. The essential oils of Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi had similar inhibitory effects. Ginger essential oil showed no inhibitory effect on any of the pathogens. Conclusion: The highest inhibitory effect on pathogens was seen in Trachyspermum ammi essential oil, while it had the least inhibitory effect on beneficial microorganisms. Cinnamomum verum essence, with very good inhibitory effect on pathogens and inhibition of some useful microorganisms, can be promising to make effective drug by modulating the activity of pathogens effective in dysbiosis of the clone.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to "design a model for evaluating the responsiveness of Iranian university library services". Methodology: In this research, a qualitative model for evaluating the responsiveness of library services in the university libraries of the country was developed using a qualitative method. The study population consisted of 15 university library managers and librarianship experts who were selected by snowball method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in this study.Findings: according to the weight obtained in the coding stages, user satisfaction indicators, employee information literacy, use of service innovations, application of technology, service delivery as an underlying process, access to information, holding training courses In line with the goals and continuous and regular assessment of service quality, they were able to gain the most weight. In order to design the relevant model, 9 components were identified, which are 1- Leadership 2- Policy 3- Employee Outcomes 4- User Outcomes 5- Employees 6- Processes 7- Community Outcomes 8- Key Performance Outcomes and 9- Partnerships and Resources Conclution: According to the designed model, it seems that the components of leadership, policy and strategy, as well as processes will affect employees, partnerships and resources, and thus affect the results of employees and users. The results of the model also show that the results of employees and users affect the results of the community and ultimately the key results of performance. This model is useful for comparing the responsive quality of a library service with other academic libraries.

Objective: Today, tendency towards the use of information technology and information systems among the social networks users is increasing. One of the most important of these technologies is social networks. Users’ trust on these networks, impacts on their intention to use this type of technology. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of electronic trust on the tendency to use the WhatsApp network among the users of this network in Tehran.Methodology: The present research method is applied, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, correlation between variables and cross-sectional research. The statistical sample for unlimited population according to Morgan table includes 384 WhatsApp’s users in Tehran. Findings: Findings show that the dimensions of electronic trust, including perceived information quality, security and privacy impact on the tendency to use WhatsApp network and among them, the security perceived by networks users is the most important and privacy is the least important.

Purpose: The Purpose of this paper is identifying and prioritizing the effective factors in organizational learning at a research center.Research methodology: this is an explorative research that after reviewing literature, the main effective factors in organizational learning were extracted and then, by using Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, these factors were validated in 3 stages according to the expert opinions. The population of this research includes researchers, experts and specialists who are aware of the research matter in the field of organizational learning. Then, these validated factors were prioritized by AHP technique. The base of this prioritization was the impact degree of every factors on organizational learning. Conclusion: The research findings show that based on the experts' opinion, cultural and structural factors, human resource management practices, attitude and employees' perceptions are the main effective factors in organizational learning.

purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effect of knowledge management processes on the dynamic capabilities in the knowledge-based organizations. Methodology: The sample including faculty, researchers, staff and students of Islamic Azad university (science and research branch). it was calculated by using the cochran formula (278). For data analysis, structural equation modeling with LISREL software was used. Findings: Structural equation modeling results indicated that the knowledge management processes (Knowledge Acquisition, knowledge conversion, knowledge protection and knowledge application) have a positive and statistically significant effect on dynamic capabilities. Originality: This article has not been published in any journal, and it has been extracted from an applied research.

PurposeThe current study aimed to identify the effective aspects and factors on knowledge culture. It further strived to present a model for explaining the relationship between knowledge culture and effectiveness of knowledge management procedures in a knowledge-based organization.MethodologyThe study used a mixture of library and documentary studies, and exploratory mixed methods. First, the literature was reviewed to extract the effective aspects and factors on knowledge culture and the conceptual model was developed. Then, a questionnaire which was validated through eliciting the comments of experts and examining the status of knowledge management in the organization was distributed to the researchers who were randomly selected to be included in the sample. The collected data were examined through AMOS and SPSS software. The possible relationship between the components of the model was investigated through posing five hypotheses and correlational coefficient test.FindingsThe results of structural equation modeling demonstrated a significant positive relationship between contextual factors and aspects of knowledge culture and between knowledge culture and the knowledge management effectiveness. Evaluating the variables of the conceptual model revealed that staff members’ characteristics, information technology and job characteristics would make a significant positive impact on knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. However, these factors had no significant influence on knowledge cooperation and knowledge learning.