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One of the tasks of food industry experts is to prevent the generation of waste in the food industry and, if necessary, reduce the production of this waste. One of the solutions that food industry experts consider is to turn food industry waste into a high value product. Due to the lack of suitable conversion industries for sugar beet waste and its conversion into a high value-added product, the purpose of this study, in addition to using food waste and producing high value products, is to create agricultural waste. And to prevent food caused by rodents. To produce the product using Design expert software, a mixture of 16 formulations is made in the form of pellets and after measuring the amount of crude fiber, the optimal product formula is obtained using the software and after fabrication, it was tested on 60 female mice. In this study, acute toxicity was administered orally to female LD50 in order to determine the LD50 range. Behavior changes and mortality due to toxicity were evaluated in mice for 48 hours. Based on the results of the acute oral toxicity study, LD50 of the product was reported to be 1500 mg / kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Regarding the importance of nutritional management in saline conditions and the need to investigate the nutritional aspects of the new quinoa crop, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of salinity stress and different nano fertilizers on the morphological characteristics and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of quinoa forage. Methods: This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was nanofertilizer at five levels (potassium, zinc calcium, silica, and no foliar application (control)). Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest values of plant height, leaf dry weight and inflorescence dry weight were obtained from the treatment without salinity stress and salinity stress at 32 dS m-1, respectively. Salinity stress at 32 and 16 ds/m, compared to the control, increased crude protein (5% and 3%), soluble carbohydrates (15% and 14%), acid detergent fiber (23% and 7%), neutral detergent fiber (20% and 5%) and crude fiber (10% and 5%), respectively, while it reduced the total ash (27% and 17%) and dry matter digestibility (22% and 8%). Also, foliar application of nano-fertilizers improved forage quality traits such as crude protein, total ash, dry matter digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content and unfavorable qualitative traits such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber decreased. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to improve the growth, increase the quality of quinoa forage, and reduce the effects of salinity stress, foliar application with various nano-fertilizers, especially calcium nano-fertilizer, is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicomposting and irrigation on the yield and quality of quinoa forage, this experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Kurdistan University located in Dehgolan in 1400. The experimental factors included 4 levels of irrigation equal to 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the water requirement of the quinoa plant and the sub-factor included 4 levels of vermicompost fertilizer equal to 0, 5, 10 and 15 tons per hectare respectively. The highest plant height (111.47 cm), grain yield (2374.51 kg/ha), biological yield (5415.84 kg/ha), and digestible dry matter (59.49 %) in the treatment of 125% of plant water requirement and 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost was observed. The highest amount of crude protein of forage (15.71%) forage ash (18.91%) and water use efficiency (0.53 kg/m3) was in the treatment of 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare. Therefore, by improving the environmental conditions through the application of vermicompost and the water consumption required by the quinoa plant, its yield and quality can be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of phosphate fertilizer and pseudomonas putida strains on the quantity and quality of forage of berseem clover as a second crop was studied in a factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications at Fooman, Guilan province, Iran. Treatments consisted of phosphate fertilizer with three levels (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha as triple super phosphate) and Pseudomonas putida strains with four levels (M21, M5, M168 and control). The results showed that use of phosphate fertilizers increased the soil pH during growing season while bacterial inoculation adjusted soil pH. The bacterial inoculation increased amount of crude protein, digestible protein, acidic and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to non-inoculated treatment, but it decreased crude fiber of the forage. Clover forage yield, protein yield and phosphorus content of foliage also were influenced by the interaction of bacterial strains and phosphate fertilizer. The highest forage and protein yield were obtained by using strain M5+150 kg P ha-1. Significant increases in forage and protein yield were found to be 16.49% and 8.01%, respectively, as compared with non-inoculated treatment. Based on the result of this experiment, application of 150 kg P ha-1 and Pseudomonas putida strain M5 inoculation can be used to obtain highest forage yield and quality of berseem clover as second crop in the experimental site.