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Considering the role of capital as one of the most important factors which can affect production, job creation, and productive activities, this study was an attempt to investigate factors which can influence investment and the way they do so. To this end, this study benefitted from a dynamic computable general equilibrium model approach to simulate the effects of technology spillovers on economic and welfare variables involved in the investment of Iranian private sector in the country's economy. Accordingly, the study focused on changes in the production index of different economic sectors of Iran and changes in the consumption and price levels in the form of four different scenarios, namely doubling foreign direct investment, improving productivity through technology spillovers by using a coefficient of 0.0062, increasing import of capital and intermediate goods by 20%, and simultaneous application of the aforementioned three scenarios by using the 2013 Social Accounting Matrix for Iran. the results revealed, application of the first scenario can lead to an increase in the level of private sector investment in all the 14 sectors of Iran's economy and cause production growth. Moreover, application of the third scenario can cause the investment level of private sector to decrease. Finally, consideration of the fourth scenario, as compared to the other three scenarios, can be accompanied by a more considerable increase in the levels of production, private sector investment, household consumption, export, import, and thus households' welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exchange rate as an interface between domestic and foreign economies, is one of the most important macroeconomic variables. Thus, exchange rate shocks can affect the income, consumption expenditure, and eventually, welfare of households via affecting export and import prices in combination with domestic prices. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of exchange rate shocks on the welfare of households in Iran using equivalent variation (EV) and compensating variation (CV) criteria. Due to the strengths of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models compared to single-equation models, we have calibrated a standard CGE model based on social accounting matrix (SAM) for the year 2011, and have compared changes in the welfare of urban and rural households via simulation of the exchange rate increase. The results show that exchange rate increase lowers the welfare of urban and rural households, and this effect is stronger for urban households than rural households. Stronger exchange rate shocks lead to greater welfare losses. Therefore, differences in welfare loss between urban and rural households must be taken into account in plans and protective measures aimed to mitigate the negative impacts of exchange rate shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction in the access to health care services and spread of disease can have a negative effects on the economic growth and welfare of the community by reducing the labor force participation. Increasing government health expenditures is one of the ways to overcome these problems. However, implementing this policy, along with its positive effects, will have a negative impact on the effective labor supply of other sectors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate these effects using a computable general equilibrium model based on the 2009 social accounting matrix of Iran. The results showed that illness, reduced welfare and real GDP, but increasing government health expenditures, increased welfare in the short run and long run. Although effects on real GDP depend on the closure of labor market, so that in the situation of immobile labor force of the health sector, it is decreased, but with full labor mobility, it increased. So because of the positive welfare effects of government health expenditures, it is suggested that government still more invest in this sector. Also to reducing the costs and preventing the real GDP reduction it is necessary to provide the ground to increase labor force in the health sector in such a way as to the labor supply of other activities doesn’t decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Value Added Tax (VAT) on Iran's economic growth. For this purpose, Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE) has been used. Data are derived from the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Iran in 2011, prepared by the Parliament Research Center in 2015, which is the latest SAM of Iran. Policy analysis has been carried out in the form of nine scenarios: the VAT with the rates applied in Iran (3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8% and 9%), and the applicable rates (10%, 15% and 20%). In all scenarios, the VAT rate in agriculture sectore is considered zero. The results indicate that VAT has positive impact on Iran's economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

با گرایش کشورها به ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن، ﻣﯿﺪان رﻗﺎﺑﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش ﻣـﯽ­ﯾﺎﺑـﺪ و در اﯾﻦ روﻧﺪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ­ﺗﺮند ﮐﻪ ﻗﺪرت رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی در تولید و ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺑﯿﻦ­اﻟﻤﻠﻞ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. یکی از مولفه­های موثر در افزایش قدرت رقابت کشورها در عرصه­های بین­المللی، نیروی انسانی متخصص است. این در حالی است که ایران طی دهه­های اخیر با نرخ بالایی از مهاجرت مغزها به کشورهای توسعه یافته روبرو بوده است. این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر فرار مغز­ها (مهاجرت نیروی انسانی ماهر و تحصیل­کرده به خارج) بر تولید و تجارت خارجی ایران به تفکیک بخش­های اقتصادی با استفاده از یک مدل تعادل عمومی (GTAP) پرداخته است. برای این منظور با استفاده از دو سناریوی شوک منفی عرضه نیروی متخصص به عنوان اثر مستقیم فرار مغزها و شوک منفی بهره­وری کل عوامل به عنوان اثر غیر مستقیم فرار مغزها، اثر مهاجرت نیروی کار متخصص بر متغیرهای تولید، صادرات، واردات و تراز تجاری مورد سنجش قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که فرار مغز­ها چه به صورت مستقیم و چه از طریق کاهش بهره­وری در مجموع آثار منفی بر تولید، صادرات، واردات و تراز تجاری کشور بر جای می­گذارد.