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Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Since microarray is a new method in cancer diagnosis, in the current study, the microarray library of MCF-7 breast cancer cells after irradiation was examined to predict the gene expression pattern and metabolic pathways related to it. Materials and Methods: Microarray data extracted from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) related to MCF-7 cells were analyzed by GEO2R and R software. Then the genes that had increased and decreased expression were extracted and gene ontology analysis was performed using DAVID and Enrichr databases. Results: In this study, after 48 hours of irradiation, 234 genes with Log2FC>1 increased expression and 146 genes with Log2FC<-1 decreased expression (Adjusted p value <0.05). KEGG analysis on genes with increased expression showed that these genes are related to type 1 diabetes (P=2.43E-04). The genes extracted in this pathway included HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB4, CPE, TNF, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DM (Adjusted p value <0.05). Also, the findings show that the genes involved in type 1 diabetes in the islets of Langerhans include CPE, MHC-II, and TNF-α. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the increase in irradiation time in breast cancer cells probably leads to the activation of pathways related to type 1 diabetes through CPE, MHC-II and TNF-α genes in the islets of Langerhans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Sleep disorders increase many diseases and a decrease physiological function. This study aimed to compare the effect of the two methods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sleep regulation program and a combination of the two on insulin resistance and sensitivity, body fat percentage, and reaction time in adolescents with sleep disorders. Materials and Methods: This is a single-blind and quasi-experimental study was conducted based on an applied research method. In total, 80 female students with sleep disorders (13-17 years old) were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided in four groups (n=20). All subjects participated in the pre-test and post-test sessions for measurements two days before and after the research process, respectively. The participants in the HIIT and combined groups followed the RAST (Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test) program for 4 weeks, three sessions a week, and the sleep regulation and combined groups followed the sleep schedule for 4 weeks, according to the necessary recommendations. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) and running paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Moreover, a P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The findings showed that 4 weeks of combined intervention of HIIT+sleep regulation could lead to a significant improvement in all research variables, including glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, pancreatic beta cell function, body fat percentage, and reaction time of girls (P=0.001). In addition, the HIIT group, compared to the sleep regulation and control groups, caused a significant improvement in glucose, insulin resistance and sensitivity, pancreatic beta cell function, body fat percentage, sleep quality, and reaction time (P=0.001), except for insulin (P=0.428). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, HIIT combined with sleep regulation can be a valuable intervention in treatment programs to improve physiologic problems to reduce the costs of treatment for adolescent girls with sleep disorders and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War's nature is constantly changing over time with the progress in military technology and weapons of war, which has led to a diverse pattern of tissue injuries. Developments in personal protective equipment and body armor, rapid transfer from the battlefield to medical centers, improved resuscitation measures, bleeding control, and wound management have increasingly contributed to the wounded survival. However, the injured suffer tissue injuries of various degrees, thereby undergoing complicated and prolonged treatments. An increasing incidence of injuries caused by explosive devices in modern wars has more complicated treatment and recovery of the injured, highlighting the need for modern treatment methods based on stem cells in military medicine. Stem cells can be harvested from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, skin, umbilical cord blood and Wharton's jelly, placenta and amniotic fluid, and with the ability of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into functional cells of different tissues, anti-inflammatory, paracrine and immune system modulating activities have been considered as a promising therapeutic approach to many battlefield injuries and their complications. Recent research in this area reveals the development of solutions to reduce critical consequences when facing the injuries caused by warfare. Thereby, in this review, in addition to outlining the most important tissue injuries in modern combat, recent developments in the use of stem cells for the regeneration of injured tissues have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increased levels of microparticles (MPs) have been reported in many autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, endothelial cells release MPs from their membranes following the activation of lymphocytes and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of interferon beta (INFβ) on the release of endothelial cell-derived MPs (EnMPs). Material and methods: Twenty newly diagnosed MS patients were included in this study. Blood samples were taken from patients in two stages before and three months after INFβ treatment. Flow cytometry was used to count and determine the phenotype of MPs. Anti-CD51 and anti-CD31 were used to tag EnMPs. In both stages, patients' MRI was also evaluated for the number of brain plaques. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 statistical software, and kolmogorov-smirnov test. Result: The mean age of patients was 31.3 ± 8.3 years. The results of this study showed a 40% decrease in the level of CD31 + MPs and a 32% decrease in the level of CD51 + MPs following treatment with INFβ, which was statistically significant (p <0.001). In this study, there was no positive and significant relationship between the number of EnMPs and the number of brain plaques (p = 0.067), age (p = 0.058) and sex of patients (p = 0.061). Conclusion: INFβ has an inhibitory effect on the release of EnMPs from endothelial cells and suggest that EnMPs can probably be used as sensitive biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer has become a major health problem worldwide. The reported incidence of new cancer cases is estimated at 19.3 million, with a mortality rate of 10 million in the world in 2020. There are some approaches for cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, neoadjuant surgery, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of chemical drug therapy meant to destroy rapidly growing cells in the body. It’s usually used to treat cancer, as cancer cells grow and divide faster than other cells. On the other hand, chemotherapy means consuming anti-neoplastic drugs, alone or in combination. However, these drugs can cause damages to the normal cells and have many side effects. The most common side effects are allergic reactions, hair loss, urination disturbances, heart damages, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, and kidney injury. Anthracyclines are commonly used in chemotherapy; especially doxorubicin is the most widely used drug of this family. Doxorubicin, the anthracycline antibiotic, was first produced from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius in 1960. Doxorubicin is represented as one of the most effective broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. It is determined widely efficient against various types of cancers, including solid malignancies (bladder, breast, lung, etc.) and hematologic tumors (Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, pediatric leukemia). The primary mechanism of action of doxorubicin involves the drug’s ability to intercalate within DNA base pairs, causing breakage of DNA strands and inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis. Also, it inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II, causing DNA damage and induction of apoptosis. Doxorubicin stabilizes the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication. When combined with iron, doxorubicin also causes free radical-mediated oxidative damage to DNA, further limiting DNA synthesis. Iron chelators, such as dexrazoxane, may prevent free radical formation by limiting binding of doxorubicin with iron. The most dangerous side effect of doxorubicin is cardiomyopathy, leading to congestive heart failure. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity starts from myocardial cell injury; and is followed by left ventricular damage. It is assumed that this drug has many cytotoxic mechanisms. The cardiac side effects of doxorubicin during a chemotherapy regimen can be acute, chronic, or even gradually progressive and persistent after termination of doxorubicin therapy. The incidence of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rises with the escalation in total cumulative dose of doxorubicin during a day or a treatment cycle. Cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin is very common and there is no reliable and absolute treatment for this problem. Unfortunately, there are currently a few medications for the treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in clinical setting. Extensive basic and clinical researches have been done to discover preventive treatments. Various studies sought to explain the underlying cellular mechanism that participates in the manifestation of this medication’s undesirable effects. Disruption of normal mitochondrial function, decreased amount of antioxidant defense (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron free radical formation, oxidative stress pathways, activation of inflammatory cascade and inflammatory factors including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and imbalance of intracellular ions homeostasis are involved in phathophysiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Gap junctions are the most important structures in cardiomyocytes. The presences of gap junctions in the cardiomyocytes are necessary for conduction of impulses and maintenance of the integrity of cardiac cells contractions and excitation. Gap junctions are aggregates of intercellular channels that facilitate direct cell–cell interactions and intercellular transmission of molecules and ions. Electrical connection between cardiomyocytes and maintenance of the normal cardiac rhythm are mediated by gap junctions, and these junctions consist of groups of membrane channels that directly link the cytoplasmic parts of nearby cells. Each gap‐junctional channel is constructed from connexins. The most abundant isoform of connexin in the mammalian cardiac cells is connexin43 (Cx43), while other types of connexins are also expressed. Cx43 generally localizes in gap junctions, but has also been detected in mitochondria, and it is considered vital for cardioprotection. Mitochondrial-Cx43 has a crucial role in mitochondrial permeability under conditions of calcium overload and oxidative stress. Additionally, Cx43 also participates in other cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation and death/survival signaling, but the involvement of Cx43 in these functions may be partially or fully independent of its role in intercellular communication. Administration of doxorubicin induces alterations in Cx43 expression and distribution. Therefore, electrical signal conduction between cardiomyocytes, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial function are disturbed. As a result, a part of the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin is exerted by affecting function of Cx43. Elevation in the level of Cx43 in the intercalated discs could reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxic effects such as cardiomyocytes calcium overload and ECG abnormities. Sirtuins are a well-known family of proteins found in most classes of the organisms, including mammals. Sirtuins have many vital roles in mammalian physiology, and they may provide new targets for treating diseases associated with aging and perhaps increasing lifespan. Seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT1–7, have been identified. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) are essential for the regulation of metabolic processes in mammalian. Various metabolic disorders are related to SIRT1 and SIRT3 deficiencies. The kidney, brain, and heart have highest tissue levels of SIRT3. It is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, and it is necessary for enzymatic activity and expression of many mitochondrial proteins. Moreover, mitochondrial sirtuins reduce degree of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, expansion of cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Therefore, elevation in cardiac tissue levels of sirtuins for improvement of myocardial mitochondrial energetics is a novel approach in several cardiac disorders. Sirtuins are activated by low energy levels and stimulate energy production through their activation of transcription factors and enzymatic regulators of cardiac energy metabolism. Mitochondrial sirtuins preserve mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial metabolism, inhibiting ROS generation, decreasing apoptosis, controlling the quality of mitochondria, and increasing autophagy. Moreover, doxorubicin interferes with myocardial energetics; thus, a hopeful approach to reduce cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin may be to target mitochondria and improve metabolic function. Because of the importance of sirtuin and CX43 in the cardiac function, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of connexins and sirtuins in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Titanium carbide nanoparticles on stemness and senescence markers of mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: After isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse’s bone marrow, their surface markers were studied using flowcytometry. MTT assay, cell cycle analysis; colony forming assay, and senescent beta galactosidase staining were performed for cells treated with titanium carbide nanoparticles. Then, the expression of OCT-4 and Nanog genes were studied by qRT-PCR in titanium carbide treated mouse’s bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). Results: All mBMSCs showed spindle shaped morphology. Their identity was confirmed by flow cytometry of stained cells for CD11b, CD90, CD45, and CD44 markers. The MTT assay results showed that titanium carbide effect is time-dependent and no cytotoxic effects were observed in short treatment times. But toxic effects were observed after 72 or 144 hours of post treatment with doses range from 0.1 to 1 mM (P<0.05). Besides, cell cycle study detected more cell populations in G0/G1 and less percentage in S phase. The colony forming assay in treated cells exhibited smaller size of colonies. The beta galactosidase staining of treated cells demonstrated more positive cells (more aged cells). Finally, qRT-PCR showed significant down regulation of OCT-4 and Nanog (p<0.05). Conclusion: Titanium carbide as an implant material could affect the viability, stemness and senescence of mBMSCs in negative manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have attracted much attention in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells are used in regenerative medicine mainly based on their capacity to differentiate into several cell lineages, low immunogenicity, and in particular their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory properties. Materials and Methods The present manuscript, by reviewing more than 150 recent published articles, introduces the latest information regarding the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressiveimmunomodulatory properties of the mesenchymal stem cells. Results The fibroblast-like mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, Wharton jelly, umbilical cord, placenta, and amniotic fluid. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells result from their interactions with innate and adaptive immune systems to inhibit immune cells. Such an inhibitory function is due to the interaction of these cells with immune cells through direct cellcell contact or via paracrine secretory factors. The composition of these secretions or secretom of these cells includes various components such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, anti-inflammatory mediators and exosomes. Many in vivo studies in animal models have demonstrated that the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair tissues is more attributed to their immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory function rather than their proliferative properties. Conclusions Therefore, understanding the mechanisms establishing the interactions of these cells with immune system would be important for their use as a promising therapeutic approach in the future for treatment of immunological diseases as well as in the field of regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Compare with Dentigerous cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst is one of exclusive developmental cyst with unique clinical and histopathologic features. Considering the determining role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cell proliferation and survival, and the controversial results of previous studies regarding the expression of this marker by the odontogenic cysts, this study aimed to compare the expression of EGFR marker by Dentigerous cyst (DC) and odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) as two lesions with more common neoplastic transformation. Material and methods: In this experimental study, 49 specimens (23 DCs and 26 OKCs) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using EGFR antibody. Evaluation of EGFR expression was made regarding to Tie-JUN Li et al. So, The location of EGFR expression in the epithelial cells ( Basal layers, Suprabasal & basal , All layeres) were assessed through histopathologic sections.. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, t-test and chi-square test. Results: In The present Study, of 49 evaluated cases, the mean percentage of EGFR expression was 58.20±17.97% in the 23 DC and 78.05±19.27% in the 26 OKC specimens. The EGFR expression of OKC was significantly higher than DC (P=0.001). However, the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference regarding EGFR score (P=0.144). The chi-square test revealed no significant difference in expression of EGFR in the basal layer, basal and suprabasal layers and all layers (P=0.524). Conclusions: The expression of EGFR marker in OKC was significantly higher than in DC, which may justify the progressive growth potential of OKC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obastatin is a newly discovered peptide with antioxidant activities in various animal models. Recent studies have shown that obastatin prevents apoptosis after ischemic heart disease/ reperfusion.Brain ischemia reperfusion can cause irreversible damage especially in the area of the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was evaluation the effect of obestatin on cognitive function and neuronal cell death following brain ischemia-reperfusion in male rats. Methods: On 28 wistar male rats, Ischemia caused by obstruction of both normal carotid arteries for 20 minutes and abestatin 1 and 5 μg/kg injected Intraperitoneally at the beginning of the reperfusion period and 24 and 48 hours after re-administration. Spatial memory test was evaluated by Morris water maze then the brains were removed for Nissl staining to assess necrosis neuronal death within the hippocampal CA1 area. Results: Based on the results of this study behavioral tests shows that obestatin treatment could significantly improve spatial memory deficits and learning (P<0.05) versus the ischemia group. Moreover, obestatin could significantly reduce necrosis cell death (P<0.01) in CA1 area of hippocampus Conclusion: The findings showed that treatment with obestatin significantly ameliorated hippocampal injury and spatial learning and memory impairments after brain ischemic. These protective effects of obestatin appear to be mediated by many mechanisms such as necrosis and apoptosis cell death by suppression of free radicals formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Now day, using of stem cells and nanoparticles in the differentiation of stem cells is considered as a therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize nanocomposite polyacrylic polycarboxylic acid containing nanoparticles of biologically active glass 45S5 crushed and assessment effect of this composite on the propagation and growth of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in the external environment. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized by planetary milling and coated on electrospun polyolactic acid nanofibers. The physicochemical and biological properties of the composite nanocarbon were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, MTT, acridine orange, and alkaline phosphatase assays. Results The physicochemical properties showed that the structure of synthesis bioactive glass and the lactic acid poly lactic acid fibers were completely nano size and the uniform distribution of nanoparticles was well placed on the fiber. The cell analysis demonstrated the significant increase proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to bone cells.In the MTT assay, cell survival was expressed in the composite nanostructure after 7 days of cell culture (1.96 ± 0.2), while the control sample (0.76 ± 0.08). Conclusions According to the results of this study, the composite nanoscale composite is not cytotoxicity effects and has biocompatible. It is useful in bone tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process involving the coordinated expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, the import of the products of the latter into the organelle and turnover of this process. Mitochondrial malfunction or defects in any of the many pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis can lead to degenerative diseases and possibly play an important part in aging. Materials and Methods Because of the mitochondrial relationship with some factors such as matrix proteins, cell cycle and evolution, in this review article we examined the mitochondrial relationship with these factors and mechanisms. The data were extracted from NCBI and SID databases. Results Changes and mutations in mitochondria are common in most of the molecular processes and important diseases including cancer, but these mutations do not result in mitochondria deactivation. Investigating these pathways helps us to identify and treat diseases such as cancer. Conclusions The mitochondria is the most important source of cellular energy supply, and mitochondrial damage can interfere with cellular activity and reduce the amount of energy produced and increase the production of free radicals. Mitochondria biogenesis is one of the protective methods of the cell against oxidative stress, which has a cell protective role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lung cancer is one of the most contagious cancers in all of the world. Recently, several potential oncogenes and carcinogens have been identified, including EGFR, BRAF, KRAS and ALK genes. With due attention to the high prevalence of lung cancer, its death rate, the complications of chemotherapy and the efforts to find effective and less effective drugs, this study was done to investigate the effect of a plant extract so that results are available to manufacturing centers. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of Eucalyptus extract and cisplatin on the expression of KRAS gene in A549 lung cancer cell line was investigated. To determine the cell survival, MTT was used and IC50 was determined. After determining IC50, the cells were exposed to less than IC50 concentrations of the extract and drug for 48 hours. Then, the amount of β- ACTIN and KRAS genes expressions in control and extract treated and drug treated groups were determined. For this purpose, a specific primers were designed for β- ACTIN and KRAS, and Real-Time PCR was be done. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.East Tehran.REC.1396.3 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Tehran- East Branch, Iran. Findings: The results showed that the amount of IC50 of the extract and drug was 8.75 and 1.77 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the expression of genes in control and treated cells with extract and drug was compared. The expression of the KRAS gene relative to the reference gene in the cancer cell line treated with extract and drug, for 48 hours, was significantly decreased 2.89 and 9.25, respectively (p = 0). Conclusion: Regarding the reduction of the relative gene expression in the A549 treated group, future studies on targeted lung cancer treatment can be promising and the potential for the use of plant compounds is more evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: A variety of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus utilize quorum sensing to perform their important activities such as biofilm formation and production of virulence factors. Interfering with the bacterial QS will disable the bacteria to perform above-mentioned vital activities. The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of five plant extracts against bacterial Quorum sensing of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Thirteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from patients with dental implant infection and identified. The plant species were collected from vicinity gardens of Fars Province and extracted using 96% ethanol. The anti-QS and antimicrobial susceptibility methods were then carried out to evaluate their bactericidal and QS properties with the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Furthermore, the biofilm production of the isolates was evaluated by microtiter plate (MTP) assay. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics codes 01-16-1-1959 and 73/118248 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Jahrom and research sciences branch, respectively. Findings: The results of the study disclosed that the extract of raspberry blossom possesses significantly (p<0.05) anti-QS property (>21 mm). The anti-QS activity was proved by creating clear halo sides of the wells formed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL/PZLR4. Moreover, the extracts of tarragon, wheat flower, flixweed and basil showed antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: According to the anti-biofilm and anti-QS properties of raspberry blossom extract against the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, it could be considered as a mouthwash against dental bacterial infection with the identification of active compounds in the raspberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: In this study graphene oxide based coatings are applied on the titanium substrates in order to improve their biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of titanium substrate. Materials and Methods: Chitosan, graphene oxide and their composites separately are coated on the substrates and their hydrophilicity and roughness are measured using contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy. The coated substrates are then exposed to MG63 osteoblasts and Staphylococcus aureus in order to evaluate the interactions. Results: The results show that titanium samples that are coated with chitosan and composites have better surface hydrophilicity and higher roughness compared to other samples and uncoated titanium. Cell adhesion is also improved on the coated substrates. Regarding the antibacterial property the composite coating show the best results. Conclusions: It is concluded that the titanium substrate which is coated with nanocomposite of graphene oxide and chitosan has higher hydrophilicity and roughness that resulted to enhance biocompatibility and antibacterial property. This may lead to a higher success rate in the application of these substrates in maxillofacial implant surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Lactobacillus salivarius is a well-known probiotic bacterium, which is commonly isolated from gastro-intestinal tract of human and animals. The objectives of the present study were isolation, molecular detection and antimicrobial characterization of L. salivarius from buffalo’s raw milk. Materials and Methods: A total number of 20 buffalo milk samples were collected aseptically from traditional buffalo farms in Urmia city, Iran. Milk samples were cultured and incubated on MRS agar, then suspected colonies were primarily determined according to their appearance and biochemical characteristics. Bacteria species were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction accompanied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and nucleotide sequencing of 16s rRNA gene. Antimicrobial activity of L. salivarius against pathogenic bacteria including Listeria monocytogenesis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus was examined using agar-spot and agar-disk diffusion methods. Cell surface hydrophobicity of L. salivarius was also investigated according to microbial adhesion to xylene and toluene hydrocarbons. Results: From 60 suspected colonies which were selected according to phenotypic characteristics, 23 colonies were confirmed as lactic acid bacteria based on the molecular identification. Only one isolate belonged to L. salivarius. The antimicrobial activity results showed a significant growth inhibitory effect of L. salivarius on pathogenic bacteria comparing to standard bacteria. L. salivarius had the most inhibitory effect on S. aureus while it had the least inhibitory against S. typhimurium. The hydrophobicity of L. salivarius to xylene and toluene were 55.3% and 55.6% respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results, the frequency of the Lactobacillus genus s was very low in buffalo milk. In addition, isolated L. salivarius had strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of proteolytic enzymes.MMPs are capable of disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mediating the destruction of extracellular matrix and myelin components. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are proteins which block the activitiy of MMPs. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) facilitates T-cell migration into the CNS while the tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) inhibits MMP-9 actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TIMP-1 gene (in RNA level) in blood cells of relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with IFNb. Materials and Methods: In this study, the expression level of TIMP-1 gene was investigated in blood cells of MS patients compared to healthy subjects by Real-Time PCR. Results: The RRMS patients manifested a lower expression level of TIMP-1 RNA than their normal counterparts, although the result was not significant (p=0.1). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was no linear correlation between TIMP1 expression level and risk of Expanded Disability Status Scale of Kurtzke (EDSS); nor was there any significant correlation between expression status of TIMP-1 and duration of the disease. Further studies are recommended to compare TIMP-1 RNA in patients before and after taking IFN-beta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retrograde transport to the alpha motoneurons causes spinal degeneration. The neurotrophic factor (NT3) increases the number of myelinated axons in the dorsal root, leads to differentiation and survival of sensory neurons, parasympathetic motoneurons and prevents cell death. Lavender is a plant in the family Lamiaceae which is reported to have antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-asthmatic, refrigerant, and antipyretic effects. This study examined NT3 gene expression changes after sciatic nerve compression in rats, in the presence of Lavandula officinalis extract. Materials and Methods: Lavender Soxhlet hydroalcoholic extraction was prepared. 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups including control, compression and treatment (compression group + hydroalcoholic extract of Lavender injections 75mg/kg) groups. In controls the muscle was opened without damage to gain access to the sciatic nerve. In compression and treatment groups, the sciatic nerve (right leg) was compressed. The extract was injected intraperitoneally in two occasions. A biopsy was taken from the spinal cord segments L4-L6 on day 28, total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and NT3 gene expression changes were analyzed by ANOVA test by using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that NT3 gene expression had a significant reduction in compression group compared to the control group (p<0.001) and it had a significant increase in treatment group compared with the compression group (p<0.001). Conclusion: A significant increase in gene expression shows that Lavandula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract improves nerve regeneration via NT3 gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Doxorubicin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents against solid tumors. Doxorubicin causes cardio-toxicity via production of free radicals and depletion of anti-oxidants. However, the use of anti-oxidants can decrease doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity. Apium graveolens (celery) contains anti-oxidant compounds. Hence, this study was an attempt to figure out if it can protect heart cells against oxidative stress of doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: The cells were incubated with different concentrations of Apium graveolens (celery) extract for 4 hours which continued in the presence of 5µM doxorubicin for 24 hours. Cell viability and the apoptotic induction were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) staining assays, respectively. Results: Celery extract increased toxicity of doxorubicin at a concentration of 125-500 µg/ml. Also apoptosis was induced in the presence of doxorubicin at a concentration of 250 and 500µg/ml. Conclusion: Results showed that celery has no toxicity effect on heart cells alone. However, this extract could not protect cells against doxorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity. A number of mechanisms may instigate this effect such as augmentation of free radicals, increased drug delivery into the cells and expression of apoptotic proteins. Further research is needed to decide upon accuracy mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Sesame is one of the plants with many applications including production of sesame oil, ground sesame seed, sweets and bread in food industry. Alongside, it is used to boost strength and body foundation due to its nourishing properties. Whereas the likelihood of teratogenicity for this seed has been discussed during the pregnancy, the present study was carried out to investigate the possible effects of sesame seeds on the Oogenesis. Materials and Methods: In this expermental study, the mice were retained under appropriate laboratory conditions and were divided into five groups of control, sham, empirical 1, 2, and 3. The mice of the control group were supplied merely with water and special mouse food, while the mice of sham group were given 0.5 cc of distilled water daily for 10 days. The mice of three empirical groups 1, 2 and 3 were supplied with doses of 0.0818, 0.1636 and 0.818 (mg/Kg of body mass) sesame, respectively, mixed with 0.5 cc of distilled water by oral gavage. The mice in all groups were dissected after the completion of the gavage and the texture of their right[d1] and left ovaries was separated and examined after the process of alcohol supply, molding, shredding as well as painting. Results: Following the administration of sesame seed, the side effects were investigated such as increase in the number of follicle types, increase in the diameter and number of primitive and primary follicles, decrease in the diameter of other follicles, increase in the length and the diameter of ovaries and increase in the number of yellow bodies. Conclusion: The above results assert the harmful effect of sesame seeds on the ovary[d2] and on the process of Oogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Stem cells are undifferentiated cells able to self-renew as well as to produce more differentiated daughter cells. In this study, stem cells were isolated from the endometrium and were then compared with the mesenchymal stem cells for their nature to be determined. Materials and Methods Endometrial samples from healthy donors with informed consent after laparoscopy were collected by a gynecologist. The bone marrow samples were aspirated from femur by a hematologist. At least 5 mL of blood was removed and the tissue is at least one square centimeter. After three successive passages, the stem cell surface markers of CD90, CD105, CD146, CD34, CD73, CD44, CD133, and CD45 were analyzed using flowcytometry. The karyotype analysis was also performed for the adherent cells. Results Endometrial stem cells were successfully isolated from the five samples. Adherent cells in flowcytometric analysis showed the positive expression of surface markers to be CD146: 59.3% , CD105: 98.3%, CD90: 95.8%, CD34: 0.9%, CD 45: 1.1%, CD73: 96%, CD44: 84%, and CD133: 1.4% while in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells the expression of markers were CD105: 98.6%, CD90: 98.4%, CD34: 0.5%, CD73: 97.9%, CD44: 89.3%, CD146:13%, CD45: 0.3%, and CD133: 0.6%. The morphology of endometrial cells, spindle-like mesenchymal cells, the mode of application, and 44XX karyotype were normal. Conclusions Stem cells isolated from the endometrial tissue had a heterogeneous population of the cells and high levels of expression of specific surface markers of stem cells especially the mesoderm lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delivery of antigens directly to dendritic cells enhances the immune responses to the antigen and is an attractive approach for eliciting cellular immune responses against mutagenic pathogens like HIV virus. So the aim of this study is evaluation of immune responses elicited by delivered multi-epitopic HIV-1 tat/pol/gag/env recombinant protein to dendritic cells in sito using αDEC205 mAb. Materials and Methods: In this study, recombinant protein expressed by pET23a-HIVtop4 plasmid including HIVtop4 sequence (Gag158-186, Pol150-190, ENV296-323, ENV577-610, Tat1-20 and Tat44-61) in BL21 E. coli cells was used as vaccine model. To exploiting dendritic cells, properties for immunization purposes, we conjugated this recombinant protein chemically to anti body against DEC205 receptor on these cells. Balb/c mice immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with conjugated multiepitopic protein or un-conjugated one (as control) simultaneously with Poly I: C as dendritic cell maturation factor. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured by bromo di uridine assay, Cytotoxicity by Grenzyme B production activity, IL-4, IL-17, IFN- cytokines production and total antibody by direct and indirect ELISA methods in order. Results: Immunization by anti DEC-205 conjugated peptide led to a significant increase in the proliferative responses of lymphocytes, production of Gr-B, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 cytokines and total antibody titer in comparison with the none targeted groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that targeting of protein antigens to DEC-205+dendritic cells significantly enhances immune responses in compare to non-targeting strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Dorema aucheri، Stachys pilifera and Trachyspermum copticum are used in Iranian traditional medicine especially in the province of Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad. This study aimed to determine the effect of these plants on proliferation of rat brain oligodendrocytes. Materials and Methods: Macerated hydroalcoholic extract of each plant was prepared using 50% ethanol. The OLN-93 oligodendrocytes were incubated for 24 h with different concentrations of these extracts. Then، percentage of viable cells was determined using a method based on the reduction of tetrazolium salt. Results: Extract of Dorema aucheri at 50، 100، 200، and 400 µg/ml decreased viable cells from 100 ± 4% (control cells) to 84 ± 4، 58 ± 6 (P<0.001)، 6 ± 0.5 (P<0.001) and 4 ± 0.5% (P 0.001)، respectively. Similarly، Stachys pilifera extract at 50، 100، 200 and 400 µg/ml decreased viable cells from 100 ± 4% to 81 ± 6، 64 ± 3 (P<0.01)، 61 ± 4 (P<0.01) and 55 ± 2% (P<0.001)، respectively. Also، Trachyspermum copticum extract at concentrations higher than 50 µg/ml significantly decreased percentage of viable cells. Conclusion: Extracts of Dorema aucheri، Trachyspermum copticum and Stachys pilifera reduce proliferation of rat brain oligodendrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells which results in increase of myeloid and erythroid cells and platelets in the peripheral blood and hyperplasia in bone marrow. This research evaluated the cytotoxic effect of aqueous، methanolic and ethanolic extracts of M. spicata leaves on K562 cell line as a model of chronic myeloid leukemia. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial، leaves of M. spicata were collected from Booin city and extracted using soxhlet method. K562 cells were cultured and treated with concentrations of extracts (12.5- 150ìg/ml). Cytotoxicity of M. spicata extracts against K562 leukemia cells was estimated by the MTT test method. The absorbance was measured using ELISA plate reader at 540 nm. Results: Ethanolic extract showed the highest cytotoxic effect (IC50=75 ìg/ml) whereas aqueous extract showed the least cytotoxic effect (IC50=150 ìg/ml) among the extracts. Methanol extracts showed the cytotoxic effect with IC50=100 ìg/ml on K562 cell line. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts exhibited a dosedependent cytotoxic effect on K562 cell line. Conclusion: Considering the cytotoxic effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of M. spicata leaves on K562 cells، this plant can be considered as a potential candidate for further studies in the treatment of CML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are routinely used to treat patients with cancers and other disorders of blood and immune systems. Osteoblasts constitute part of the stromal cell support system in marrow for hematopoiesis by participating in the formation of the HSC niche. It is believed that interaction between hematopoietic cells and bone forming osteoblasts regulate each other's function. It is established that acute blood loss in animal models activates bone formation and niche development because of EPO stimulation. In this experimental study we have examined the coculture of HSCs derived from cord blood which treated with EPO in vitro, on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study MSCs isolated from bone marrow and cocultured with CD 34+ CD38- HSCs isolated from cord blood. These co-cultured cells were treated with different doses of erythropoietin for 14 days, after that RNA were extracted from MSCs and analysed with RT-PCR to evaluate the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were done for osteoblastic differentiation. Results: Osteopontin and osteocalcin were expressed in MSCs. Cellular staining were positive for osteoblastic differentiation. Differentiated cells expressed osteoblastic markers. Conclusion: These data suggest that EPO regulates the osteoblastic differentiation from bone marrow MSCs in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human β-defensin 126 (12kDa) is a small cationic glycoprotein that is highly rich of cysteine. DEFB126 gene is located on the subtelomeric end of 20p1.3 in human. High expression of this protein is reported in epididymis. This polypeptide coats the plasma membrane of sperm during epididymal transit. It is likely that β -defensin 126 might have role in unexplained male infertility since it involves in sperm maturation and capacitation. The current research designed to investigate if there is relation between β-defensin 126 gene mutation and unexplained male infertility. Materials and Methods: In this case- control study we followed a two cytosine nucleotides deletion of β-defensin 126 gene in 35 Iranian men with unexplained infertility and 40 fertile men with normal spermogeram as control group. Standard PCR, SSCP(Single strand conformational polymorphism), and sequencing were used to detect genetic alteration of β-defensin 126. ELISA was performed for the assessment of the protein expression on sperm cells. Results: Analysis of genetic data revealed 28.6% homozygote deletion in unexplained infertile men while this deletion was detected in 7.5% of controls. The deletion frequency was statistically higher in infertile patients than normal control group (p<0.05). The protein expression was less in men with del/del genotype compare to the other genotypes (p<0.005). Conclusion: Our study shows that this common sequence variation of β-defensin 126 takes part in impairment of male reproductive function. Consequently, men with the del/del genotype are significantly less fertile than men who carry the wild type allele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative and one of the most important inducing signals in vertebrates that is involved in differentiation, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and reproduction. This study was done to evaluate the role of RA in in vitro neural patterning of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, upon formation, embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs, Royan B1, were induced by 1 µM RA for four days and then plated for eight days. Untreated EBs were considered as the control group. Finally, in both groups, neural induction and patterning of EB-derived neural cells were evaluated by using immunostaining, flowcytometry, and RT-PCR methods. Results: RA induced neurogenesis in ES cells, from which 35% showed to express MAP2. RT-PCR analysis also indicated that RA-treated neural cells derived from ES cells could at the same time express Mash1, Pax6/7, and Dbx1/2 as dorso-ventral (DV) pattering markers and Hoxb4, Hoxc5, and Hoxc8 as the rostro-caudal (RC) axis markers. Conclusion: RA induces in vitro neural induction along with neural patterning of ES-derived neural cells in DV and RC axes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: P-glycoprotein is encoded by MDR gene belongs to the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) superfamily. This protein has important roles in cell physiology its function in cancerous cells may contribute to failure treatment. The molecular structure of P-glycoprotein its corresponding gene is introduced in this research. Moreover the pathophysiological role of this protein its effects on pharmacokinetics are discussed. Methods: EBSCO Elsevier PubMed OVID databases were reviewed to introduce the most recent studies regarding p-glycoprotein MDR their clinical importance in health disease. Authors' novel findings regarding MDR leukemia were also discussed. Findings: P-glycoprotein is naturally expressed in many tissues such as liver intestine brain. This protein is involved in many cellular processes such as inflammation immune cell differentiation detoxification hormone secretion. Reduction of the treatment efficiency the consecutive relapse due to drug resistance are the most important consequences of this protein function and addressed as the most challenging obstacles in cancer treatment. Conclusion: P-glycoprotein is an important transporter with a protecting function in normal cell life. On the other hand it may provide drug resistance in some cancerous cells. Comprehensive studies about MDR P-glycoprotein may provide novel approaches to new diagnostics and therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Dopamine receptors and histamine influence anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, interaction between histamine and dopaminergic D1 receptors has been demonstrated in the modulation of some behavior. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between histamine and dopaminergic D1 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus in the anxiety behavior in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the elevated plus maze test was used to test anxiety-like behaviors. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine, and two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Two- and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs), followed by LSD test, were used for data analysis. All experiments were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines for animal care and use. Results: Intra-CA1 injection of histamine and D1 dopamine agonist (SKF 38393) and antagonist (SCH23390) induced anxiety. Intra-CA1 injection SKF 38393 or SCH23390 2 min after of effective dose of histamine (10μg/mouse) inhibited anxiogenic effects of histamine. Conclusion: It seems that both histamine and dopaminergic D1 receptors play a role in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of mice, and there is a complex interaction between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]