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Escherichia coli is one of the most common pathogens in poultry that causes Colibasilosis. Until now many Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were identified that we can refer to SHV and OXA that they are coded by blaSHV and blaOXA, respectively. Regarding the development of antibiotics resistance and harmful effects of resistant bacteria on beta-lactam antibiotics, they can have an effect on human health and animal health, and due to the high mortality rate of disease, reducing production, as well as damage caused by drug use, it’s very important to control and prevention this disease. In the present study, 50 isolates of Escherichia coli were collected from 60 cloacal swabs from broiler chicken farms between 7 to 21 days old in Zabol. Antibiogram test was performed by disk diffusion method to investigate drug resistance to Ceftriaxon, Cefazolin, Ceftizoxime, Cephalothin, Ceftazidime and Cefixime. Besides, the frequency of blaSHV and blaOXA were investigated by PCR. The results showed that the highest resistance was to Cefazolin (80%) and the lowest resistance was to Ceftriaxon (8%). The frequency of blaSHV and blaOXA genes in Escherichia coli isolates was 24% and 0.0%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic which is extensively used to treat a number of various infections. It is mainly accumulated in water and sewage resulting in the environmental and health problems. This study is centered on the evaluation of the efficiency of a photocatalytic process using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 in the removal of ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions. Methods: This research was based on an experimental-practical study. Fe3O4 @ SiO2 @ TiO2 was initially synthesized via a sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, XRD and EDX analyses. The effects of variables such as pH, catalyst concentration, ceftriaxone concentration, contact time, reusability tests (n=7) and degree of mineralization were separately assessed in a laboratory scale. The concentration of ceftriaxone was measured by HPLC at 240 nm. Results: Based on the results obtained, the highest process efficiency of 96.7% was obtained under the following optimal conditions: concentration of ceftriaxone 10 mg/L, pH=3, the catalyst dosage of 2 g/L and a time contact of 120 min. At the end of the process, the degree of mineralization was determined to be 83.7%. Additionally, the data regarding the reusability of the nanocatalyst demonstrated that a 5.2% loss in the removal efficiency was observed after 7 times of reuse. Finally, the results revealed that the removal process of ceftriaxone follows the first-order kinetic model. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic process using the magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4 @ SiO2 @ TiO2) could be effectively used for the removal of ceftriaxone from aqueous media.

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a major global problem and one of the leading causes of death. Aluminum phosphide (ALP), which is known as rice pellet in Iran, has a very high lethality. ALP poisoning has no specific antidote. However, previous studies have suggested some treatments such as gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate and charcoal consumption. The present study reported a case of successful treatment of rice pill poisoning. Introduction of the patient: The patient, a 60-year-old woman, referred to the emergency room of Motahhari Hospital due to abdominal pain. Clinical examination of the patient revealed that the patient had experienced abdominal pain due to vomiting without hematuria due to taking rice pills. The patient was fully conscious at the time of admission and vital signs BP 110/70 _RR 20_PR 86_O2SAT 92 were recorded. The patient was first NPO and a nasopharyngeal tube was inserted. 150 cc of normal saline with olive oil was given to the patient via NG. Pantoprazole vitamin C ampoule, indasterone ampoule, 8 units of regular insulin with 50% dextrose water and one gram of ceftriaxone and calcium gluconate were injected into the patient. NAC tablets were administered orally to the patient. Due to dehydration, the patient was injected with 3000 cc of 1.3-3.2 with 40 mEq of potassium chloride. Catheterization was performed for the patient, who according to the initial tests PH: 7/136 _ PCO2: 36 / 2_ HCO3: 2.12, 300 cc of sodium bicarbonate in 500 cc of normal saline for two hours and also 60 cc Sodium bicarbonate was given to the patient in liters. Then the patient's NG was taken out and according to the order of the specialist, a biocarb vial was started for the patient according to the VBG test. As the condition improved, the patient was transferred to the ward. Conclusion: In patients with rice pill poisoning due to the lack of specific antibodies in the treatment of this group of patients need rapid diagnosis and supportive therapies. The results of this study showed that rapid emptying and dilution of gastric contents, administration of olive oil, bicarbonate, stabilization of cell membrane potential and other therapeutic measures can save the lives of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceftriaxone is widely used for healing the infectious diseases. Not being treated in hospital wastewater treatment systems, this antibiotic has the possibility of entering into the aqueous environmental and the danger of microbial resistance in these environments also increases. This study aims to examine the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles to remove ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions. In this study, the effect of pH, ozone dose, reaction time, catalyst dose and initial antibiotic concentration for ceftriaxone removal were studied using a cylindrical-shaped experimental reactor through semi-batch method. The residual concentration of ceftriaxone was determined by spectrophotometer. The experiment was carried out based on the one factor at a time method and finally the optimum efficiency of ceftriaxone removal and its desired conditions were determined. The best condition of the reactor obtained in pH 11, the catalyst dose of 1g/l, ozone dose of 18.384mg/min, pollution concentration of 10mg/l and reaction time of 30 min which showed 86% of ceftriaxone removal. Due to an increase in ozone retention time, the use of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in ozonation process also increased the antibiotic removal. It leads to a decrease in treatment costs because of a decrease in ozone consumption in an industrial scale.

A major concern about pharmaceutical pollution is the presence of antibiotics in water resources through their release into sewers where they cause bacterial resistance and enhanced drug-resistance in human-borne pathogens and growing microbial populations in the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the advanced H2O2/ZnO oxidation process in removing ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted in which the SEM, XRD, and TEM techniques were employed to determine the size of Zinc oxide nano-particles. Additionally, the oxidation process parameters of pH (3-11), molar ratio of H2O2/ZnO (1.5-3), initial concentration of ceftriaxone (5–15 mg/L), and contact time (30-90 min) were investigated. Teh data thus obntained were subjected top statistical analysis using the SPSS (ANOVA test). XRD results revealeda hexagonal crystal structure for the nano-ZnO. TEM images confirmed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. Finally, SEM images revealed that the Zn nanoparticles used in this study were less than 30 nanometers in diameter. Based on the results, an optimum pH of 11, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a H2O2/ZnO molar ratio equal to 1.5 were the optimum conditions to achieve a ceftriaxone removal efficiency of 92%. The advance H2O2/ZnO oxidation process may thus be claimed to be highly capable of removing ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions.

Background and Objective: Electroproxone process is a combination of ozonation process and electrolysis in which the production of hydroxyl radical and ultimately degradation of a pollutant occurs. The aim of this study was to estimate the E-Proxone process in removing ceftriaxone from a synthetic solution. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a semi-continuous reactor equipped with four graphene electrodes having 2 × 10 cm dimension and 3 mm thickness was used. The effect of pH (3-11), concentration of ozone gas (1-5 mg/min), direct electric current (1-3 A), initial concentration of ceftriaxone (5- 50 mg/L) and radical scavenger dose (tertbutanol = 20 mmol/L) was studied in a 0-60 minutes reaction time. The Ceftriaxone concentration was measured by HPLC, COD was measured with spectrophotometer (DR6000) and TOC with a TOC analyzer. Results: The results of this study indicated that this process had sufficient performance in the degradation of the antibiotic and diminishing of COD and TOC. The excellent condition was pH = 3, the electric current of 3 A, the ozone concentration of 5 mg/min, and the sodium sulfate as an electrolyte was 50 mmole/L. The ceftriaxone concentration was 5 mg/L in the duration of the 30 minutes experiment. 99.39% of the Ceftriaxone was destroyed. The process efficiency in COD and TOC removal was highest at 90 minutes. The presence of tertbutanol reduced the process efficiency to 83%. Conclusion: The E-Proxone process, as one of the advanced oxidation processes, has the ability to reduce the pollution load of pharmaceutical industry, especially the ceftriaxone in this wastewater. This process is considered an environmentally friendly process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens of nosocomial infections, especially in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit), which has resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, especially Carbapenems. Among the most important resistance mechanisms of this bacteria against carbapenems are MexABOprM efflux pump. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that isolated from ICU. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 sampales were isolated from patient in ICU units from different Hamadan hospitals, since november 2018 to May 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods by Etest for imipenem. Expression levels of MexABOprM efflux pump genes were measured by Real-Time PCR. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that the highest resistance was to Ceftriaxone 21 (63.63%) and the lowest resistance was to piperacillin, 11 (33.33%). The results of the MIC of imipenem showed that among off 33 samples isolated from the ICU, 14 (42.42%) and 19 (57.57%) isolates were resistant and susceptible, respectively. Increased expression of of MexA, MexB and OprM genes compared with control strain were observed in 20% (4/20), 25% (5/20) and 20% (4/20) of isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Increased expression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump is one of the most common mechanisms in the resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates against Carbapenem antibiotics in different units of hospitals especially intensive care unit. So identification of resistance mechanisms to Carbapenem antibiotics can be useful in controlling and treating such resistant isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-valent iron ions can be used to activate persuphate anions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the electrical activation of persuphate anions and to determine the efficiency of electro-persulphate in the removal of ceftriaxone antibiotic from synthetic pharmaceutical effluents. For this purpose, a reactor (with an effective volume of 1 L) equipped with iron electrodes connected to a DC power supply was used and the effects of pH, voltage, persulphate content, and ceftriaxone initial concentration on the efficiency of the process were studied. Moreover, electrode corrosion, synergistic effects of the parameters studied, reaction kinetics, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were studied. Results showed that the variables had a significant effect on process efficiency such that 96% of the ceftriaxone in the effluent was removed under the following optimum conditions: pH: 3, voltage: 10 V, a persulphate concentration of 50 mM/L, a ceftriaxone initial concentration of 0.18 mM/L, and a reaction time of 45 min. However, removal efficiency declined when the above conditions changed. It was also observed that COD removal was 72% in the optimum reaction time. Moreover, the process kintetics was found to be a first-order one. Application of an electrical process to active persulphate anion is assoiated with such advantages as reduced iron consumption and high antibiotic removal efficiency. Based on the results obtained, the proposed method may be recommended as an alternative for treating persistent pollutants to reduce environmental pollution.

Background and Objectives: Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which has a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria. Recently, its adverse effects on the reproductive system, was revealed. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of ceftriaxone on testicular tissue in adult male mice. Methods: A total of 40 adult male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: Control group received normal saline; the first and second experimental groups, respectively, received ceftriaxone at doses of 20 and 50mg/kg bw for 7 days; and the third and fourth groups, respectively, received 20 and 50mg/kg bw of the drug for 45 days. After preparation of tissue sections, routine and specific staining was performed, and histological, histomorphometric, and histochemical studies were carried out. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Significance level was considered as p0.05) in the interstitial tissue thickness in all the experimental groups compared to the control group. In the experimental groups, Sudan Black and alkaline phosphatase reactions were intense, while PAS reaction was weak. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone damages testicular structure, which includes loss of balance of the spermatogenic cell population and decrease in the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis processes.

Background and Objective: Traditional cheese has desirable organoleptic characteristics for Iranian consumers. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are some of the most important microbial agents in food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections, which can contaminate this product and endanger the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to survey the contamination rate and determination of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains isolated from traditional cheeses distributed in Mahabad, Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 samples of traditional cheese from the production and distribution centers in Mahabad city were randomly selected in 2016 to determine the bacterial contamination in accordance to national standard guidelines for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Salmonella spp. Anti-biograms test was conducted using a standard disc diffusion method through the measurement of the inhibitory zone diameter on the Muller Hinton agar. Results: Among the 100 samples, 54, 45 and 0 samples were positive for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, respectively. All E.coli (100%) were found to be resistant to Amoxicillin, while Staphylococcus aureus isolates (100%) were resistant to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Amoxicillin. However, 66.6% isolates of E.coli were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and 97.7% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to Trimethoprim – Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: The microbial quality of traditional cheeses distributed in Mahabad city was not evaluated as appropriate and the values did not meet the national standards. Thus, further monitoring and control are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, increasingly antibiotic resistance problem among Klebsiella isolates and side effects of antibiotics overuse have made researchers to study the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to study the inhibitory effect of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos on ESBLs producing Klebsiella strains. Materials and Methods: Among 143 isolates of Klebsiella collected from some hospitals and clinical laboratories in Karaj, ESBLs producer were screened by phenotypic confirmatory test (PCT). One of them was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MIC and MBC of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Vaccinium arctostaphylos were determined using microdilution method on selected ESBLs producing Klebsiella strains. Results: Resistance to ceftazidime, ceftriaxon and cefotaxime was observed in 14.7% of the isolates. 32 isolates (22%) were detected as ESBL producers. Results of MIC and MBC tests showed that ethanolic and aqueous extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos have inhibitory effect on ESBLs producing Klebsiella strains. Conclusion: The presence of antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most plant species used in traditional medicine in Iran and we should focus on combining traditional medicines and modern drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Judicious use of antibiotics is essential considering the growth of antimi-crobial resistance and escalating costs in health care. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin used widely for the treatment of various infections in outpatient and in-patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ceftriaxone utilization before and after implementation of guidelines and physicians education. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, before-after intervention study was performed in 6 wards of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted in three phases: pre-guideline, educational interventions and post guideline implementation. The pre intervention phase included chart analysis of current ceftriaxone use in 200 consecutive patients from the representative wards included in the study. The educational interventions included preparation and distribution of ceftriaxone guidelines as pamphlets among physicians working in the studied wards. Also the clinical pharmacist returned to each ward and trained physicians regarding the correct use of ceftriaxone. In the post intervention phase immediately after the instruction, and in the follow up phase, one month later, a prospective analysis of ceftriaxone utilization was performed by chart review of 200 patients to detect changes in ceftriaxone utilization pattern. Results: Four hundred cases were evaluated during study (200 before and 200 after physician’s education). The correct indication of ceftriaxone was 93% and 96% before and after the educational interventions respectively. Analysis showed that correct indi-cation of ceftriaxone did not change significantly before and after education (P= 0.188). Regarding to proper administration (dose, interval and duration) ceftriaxone utilization significantly changed after education (P< 0.001). Conclusion: Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant improvement in ceftriaxone administration pattern in the hospitals.

Background and Objective: Considering the relatively wide application of ceftriaxone in pediatric infectious diseases and its side effects, this study was done to determine gallblader sonographic abnormality following ceftriaxone treatment in children. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out on 60 patients age 1 month up to 12 years in Besat hospital, Hamadan, Iran during 2007. The sonographic abnormal finding of gallbladder before ceftriaxone therapy and 5 days after therapy were recorded. In case of any abnormality in gallblader sonography was repeated twice a week in the first two weeks and afterward once a week up to disappearance of abnormalities. Results: Gallblader sonographic abnormality were observed in 10 cases (16.5%). Out of them, 8 and 2 patients had bile stone and bile sludge, respectivley. The patients did not show any clinical manifestations. There was no relation between age and sex with abnormal findings. Gallblader abnormality completely were disappeared in the worst cases by sixteen days. Conclusion: This study showed that the incidence of either gallstone or biliary sludge after treatment with ceftriaxone was 16.5% which is relatively similar to other studies.

Background: Ceftriaxone is a prolonged third-generation cephalosporin and its intramuscular single dose can provide the necessary serum level against typical pathogens of acute otitis media up to 72 hours. Methods: In a prospective, randomized clinical trial study, the efficacy of intramuscular single dose of ceftriaxone (50mg/kg/dose) was compared to 10 days amoxicillin (50mg/kg/day, divided 3 time per day) to treat acute otitis media in children. A total of 110 children aged 5 months to 12 years, with uncomplicated acute otitis media were randomly selected to receive either an oral suspension amoxicillin for 10 days or an intramuscular single dose of ceftriaxone. Results: Clinical manifestation and demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. In ceftriaxone group, 48 (88.9%) of 54 cases were recovered completely, and in amoxicilline group, the treatment was successful in 51 (99.1%) of 56 cases (p>0.05). In ceftriaxone, 2 cases and in amoxicilline group, 3 cases developed a skin rash (p>0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of intramuscular single dose of ceftriaxone (50mg/kg) to treat uncomplicated acute otitis media in children is as effective as amoxicillin (50mg/kg/day, divided 3 times per day).

Background and aims: Escherichia coli harboring extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) are significantly resistant to other antibiotics and caused several health problems. The present study was carried out to characterize the ESBL types and to determine their pattern of resistance to four antimicrobial agents in clinical isolates of E. coli. Material and methods: During April 2012 to May 2013, 500 clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from two hospitals in Boroujerd. Phenotypic screening and confirmation tests for ESBL detection and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem, meropenem, amikacin and ceftriaxone was determined by the E-test method. All ESBLs producing isolates were examined for presence of the TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes by PCR method. Results: All of the studied isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Additionally, among ESBLs producer isolates good susceptibility to amikacin and ceftriaxone (P-value ˂ 0.5) was observed. The prevalence of the TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes among 190 ESBLs producing isolates was as follows: TEM positive: 61 (32.1%), SHV positive: 60 (31.6%) and CTX-M: 62 (32.6%). TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes occurred together in 25 (13.1%) of the isolates. Conclusion: The high prevalence of E.coli producing ESBL in Boroujed hospitals reported. More than one ESBL was produced by many isolates, and this was correlated with increased resistance levels. Carbapenems continue to show good in vitro activity agent ESBLs producing organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of acquired bacterial infections in the respiratory system. In recent years, a high incidence of pneumococcal resistance to different antibiotics has also been appeared. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro resistance of pneumococcal pneumonia to ceftriaxone, azithromycin and co-amoxiclave in clinical setting and laboratory. Material and Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial study, the participants were the patients with the diagnosis of pneumonia referred to infectious diseases clinic in Vali-e-Asr hospital of Birjand university of Medical Sciences, October 2012 - April 2014. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the three therapeutic regimes including azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and co-amoxiclave. After 48-72 hours that the infection was confirmed by paraclinical findings, the patients with pneumococcal pneumonia remained in the study and their in vivo and in vitro resistance to the above mentioned antibiotics were compared. Results: The most in vitro drug resistance was to co-amoxiclave (41.5%) and the least to ceftriaxone (20.8%) (P>0.05). For In vivo, the most resistance was to azithromycin (47.4%) and the least one to ceftriaxone (6.7%) (p<0.05). The agreement coefficient between the laboratory antibiogram test and the clinical responses to therapeutic regimes of azithromycin, co-amoxiclave and ceftriaxone was 0.25 (p=0.26), 0.46 (p=0.02) and 0.44 (p=0.04), respectively. Conclusion: With regard to the demographic characteristics of the patients in this study, the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to ceftriaxone is less than that of co-amoxiclave and azithromycin in both clinical setting and laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Judicious use of antibiotics is essential considering the growth of antimicrobial resistance and escalating costs in health care. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin used widely for the treatment of various infections in outpatient and inpatient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ceftriaxone utilization before and after implementation of guidelines and physicians education. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, before-after intervention study was performed in 6 wards of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted in three phases: pre-guideline, educational interventions and post guideline implementation. The pre intervention phase included chart analysis of current ceftriaxone use in 200 consecutive patients from the representative wards included in the study. The educational interventions included preparation and distribution of ceftriaxone guidelines as pamphlets among physicians working in the studied wards. Also the clinical pharmacist returned to each ward and trained physicians regarding the correct use of ceftriaxone. In the post intervention phase immediately after the instruction, and in the follow up phase, one month later, a prospective analysis of ceftriaxone utilization was performed by chart review of 200 patients to detect changes in ceftriaxone utilization pattern. Results: Four hundred cases were evaluated during study (200 before and 200 after physician's education). The correct indication of ceftriaxone was 93% and 96% before and after the educational interventions respectively. Analysis showed that correct indication of ceftriaxone did not change significantly before and after education (P=0.188). Regarding to proper administration (dose, interval and duration) ceftriaxone utilization significantly changed after education (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adoption of the guidelines with associated training resulted in significant improvement in ceftriaxone administration pattern in the hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the relative frequency of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) in patients at a university hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, analytic study was conducted on 162 patients hospitalized in various wards of Alzahra Hospital (an 800-bed teaching hospital) of Isfahan during October 2009 to March 2010. Fecal samples of patients who suffered from diarrhea after receiving antibiotics were collected. Microbial analysis was performed to determine the existence of C. difficile. C. difficile toxins (A and B) were detected by ELISA method. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using chi-square test in SPSS at a significance level of P < 0.05. Findings: C. difficile toxins were detected in 36 (22.2%) patients. The frequency of toxins occurrence was significantly higher in men (P ≤ 0.005). In addition, a large number of individuals infected by C. difficile toxins were children under 4 years of age. Ceftriaxone caused many cases of diarrhea in our studied population. Conclusion: In general, based on our results, wrong prescription and antibiotics abuse can cause infection with C. difficile in patients receiving antibiotics. Therefore, the physicians must pay more attention to the recovery of patients with antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salmonellosis is a bacterial gasteroenteritis caused by different serovars of Salmonella. In the recent years, Salmonella enterica subspecies. Enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of gastroenteritis and food poisoning in the worldwide. Different genus of salmonella is increasingly being resistant to common antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica isolated from medical health centers in Tehran. Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study from April to December 2008, 1950 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea were cultivated to identify Salmonella enteritidis. We used Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol to determine resistance patern of the isolates to 16 different antibiotics. Results: In this study, out of 26 isolates 14(54%) were S. enteritidis, 2(8%) S. para B, 6(23%) S. para C, 3(11%) S. arizonea and 1(4%) S. para A. all of them were sensitive to ceftazidime, cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftiraxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin and colistin sulfate. All of the isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin whereas 71.4% of them were resistant to nalidixic acid. Conclusions: The most prevalent isolated salmonella was S.enteritidis. According to high sensivity of these isolates to cephalosporin and flourqouinolon family, they can used as infective treatment for salmonellosis infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]