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Introduction: Psychological well-being is of paramount imporance for cancer patients and is affected by various factors, such as personality traits. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being based on resilience and personality type D in cancer patients. Material & Methods: The current research was conducted based ona descriptivecorrelatioal design. The statistical population of this research was made up of all cancer patients who were members of Maxa in Isfahan in 2021. The research sample included 220 cancer patients who were selected via aailable sampling. The data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionaire, psychological well-being questionnaire by Riff (1995), personality type D by Denault (2005), and resilience by Connor and Davidson (2003). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Descriptive statistics included mean, standard deviation, and percentage, while inferential statistics including Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: The correlation matrix illustrated that psychological well-being had a significant positive correlation with the total score of resilience (r= 0.701; P=0.001) and a significant negative correlation with personality type D (r= -0.517; P=0.001). Moreover, according to the results of multiple regression analysis, 38% of the variance of psychological well-being can be predicted based on resilience and personality type D variables (P=0.001). Resilience with beta 0.38 (P=0/001; T=0.639) positively and significantly and personality type D with beta -0.25 (P=0/001; T=-1.607) can negatively and significantly predict the psychological well-being of cancer patients. Discussion & Conclusion: Resilience and personality type D can predict the psychological well-being of cancer patients; Therefore, the psychological well-being of cancer patients can be affected by carrying out interventions related to resilience and D personality type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation safety is one of the main concerns in nuclear medicine treatments. After the discharge of thyroid cancer patients treated with radioactive iodine, the radiation exposure to family members of the patients is one of the main concerns of the patients and the society, which in some cases can cause the patient to be stigmatized and not receive the necessary care and emotional support from family and community members. Therefore, in order to reduce the side effects of this issue through the most essential strategic and executive recommendations mentioned in this policy summary, the following hint can be pointed out: training and raising the awareness of medical staff, patients, and society regarding the concepts related to ionizing radiation, permissible radiation dose, radiation hazards, principles of radiation protection, absorbed radiation dose, and factors affecting the absorbed radiation dose during therapeutic and supportive care of the patient under treatment, eliminating the influence of socio-economic factors, lifestyle and literacy level of the patient's family members on the compliance of caregivers with safety recommendations and eventually the radiation exposure to the family members of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims The present study aims to determine the fear of COVID-19 in the elderly newly diagnosed with cancer referred to selected hospitals affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods In this longitudinal study, 174 elderly people newly diagnosed with cancer referred to the selected hospitals participated, who were selected using a continus sampling method. To collect data, a demographic form, the Abbreviated Mental Test, and the 7-item fear of COVID-19 scale were used before diagnosis, one month after, and two months after. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. Results Fear of COVID-19 level at the time of cancer diagnosis was moderate (mean score: 17.69±4.74). In the second stage (one month after the diagnosis), the mean score was 14.26±4.09. In the third stage (two months after diagnosis), the mean score was 11.81±4.13. Fear of COVID-19 at the time of cancer diagnosis was significantly different based on marital status (P=0.049), underlying diseases (P=0.014), and perception of health (P=0.004). Conclusion Fear of COVID-19 can disrupt the process of treatment and chemotherapy in elderly patients with cancer. It is recommended to develop interventions to improve the mental health of the elderly with cancer during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient participation in treatment decisions has been associated with improved treatment results. By checking the level of knowledge of patients and informing patients about the risks and benefits of treatment methods, the level of participation of patients in treatment can be checked. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the participation rate in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in descriptive and analytical form in 2019. The statistical population includes 15 doctors who worked in the field of breast diseases and 300 patients with breast cancer who visited clinics and doctor's offices in the cities of Shiraz, Kerman, Rasht and Tabriz, who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to measure the level of participation, a researcher-made questionnaire was used after validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software with the help of descriptive statistics and chi-square inferential tests. Results: The findings of the research showed that patients' participation in treatment has a significant and direct relationship with age, education, duration of illness and income of patients (P value < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, patient participation was reported in three areas (decision-making process (53%), doctor's practical behavior (67.6) and patient preferences (66.2)) and in general, the level of participation in the treatment of patients with Breast cancer was estimated at 52%. Conclusion: Empowering patients by increasing awareness about diagnosis and treatment, as well as covering breast cancer as a special disease and receiving treatment allowances, can help increase patient participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lack of cognitive flexibility intensifies an individual’s negative thoughts about oneself. Aim: The present study aimed to design and validate an educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model and to evaluate its effectiveness in the cognitive flexibility of leukemia patients. Method: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, the statistical population consisted of all patients referred to Firouzgar Hospital of Tehran, Iran, in 2022. The sample size 30 patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) was used to collect the required data. The educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model was held in 12 sessions, and a follow-up experiment was conducted to evaluate the durability of intervention effects. The results were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22. Results: The results showed that the F-values measured for the components of cognitive flexibility, including the perception of controllability, perception of different options, and perception of behavior justification, were significant (P<0.01), suggesting the impact of the training program based on the posttraumatic growth model on cognitive flexibility. The results of repeated measures ANOVA also indicated the persistence of the effects of the training program on cognitive flexibility (P<0.01). Conclusion: The result of the research showed that the training program according to the posttraumatic growth model was effective in cognitive flexibility, and its effect persisted until the follow-up period. Therefore, this program can be used as an effective intervention to improve the cognitive flexibility of patients with leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer patients experience chronic pain and excruciating pain, which makes it difficult for them to tolerate and adapt. Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of an educational program based on compromise with pain on depression and anxiety of cancer patients. Method: The present research was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all cancer patients referred to health centers and clinics in Sanandaj city in 2019, and 30 cancer patients were selected by available sampling and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group received the educational program based on compromise with pain in 10 sessions 2-hour, and the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection tools were Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1990) and Beck Depression Questionnaire (1961). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software, descriptive indices and covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that the program based on compromise with pain had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the depression of cancer patients and reduced depression in cancer patients, and the program based on compromise with pain had a significant effect on the anxiety of cancer patients (P<0.01) and has improved anxiety in cancer patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, this program can be used in counseling clinics to help cancer patients, considering the key role of the educational program based on compromise with pain in reducing depression and anxiety of cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world today that in addition to causing physical problems causes psychological problems for patients. One of these problems is pain catastrophizing. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of psychological resilience and mindfulness in predicting pain catastrophizing through mediating role of positive emotions in patients with cancer. Method: This study was a descriptive and correlational research. The statistical population included all Adult cancer patients (over 18 years old) in Kerman in summer and autumn of 2021, that a total of 141 patients were selected as the sample using purposive sampling. For data collection, Standard Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PANAS Positive Affect Schedule, short form of the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire and Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, were used. For data analysis, path analysis and Pearson correlation methods were applied by using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS version 23. Results: Results showed that the direct path of resilience (-0.27) and positive emotions (-0.32) to pain catastrophizing and direct path of resilience (0.24) and mindfulness (0.16) to positive emotions were significant. Also, the results of path analysis showed that the final model of the research had the goodness of fit (CMIN=0.373, NFI=0.99). Conclusion: The results showed that positive emotions mediate the prediction of pain catastrophizing based on psychological resilience and mindfulness. It is suggested that therapists and cancer-related institutions include treatment programs related to these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression in children with cancer can complicate the course of the disease and cause many problems in the treatment process. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents with cancer. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty children with cancer admitted to the oncology ward of Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, with an age range of 7- 17 years in 2016, who were selected and assessed using a demographic information checklist and the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1979). After collecting data, the data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software using descriptive statistical tests and chi-square. Results: The 15% of the subjects had depressive symptoms and 47.5% were on the verge of depression. The prevalence of depression was 21.1% in girls and 9.5% in boys (p=0.54), and there was no significant difference in terms of cancer type (p=0.99), treatment method (p=0.81) and demographic indicators (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of depression in this group of patients, it is recommended that the necessary screenings be performed to identify and refer patients with depression to psychiatric or psychological clinics to receive appropriate and timely treatment to help improve the quality of life of these patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Mental health is one of the most important components of a healthy life. Mental health seeks to reduce negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and hopelessness and to prevent the occurrence of morbid symptoms in people. During the last few decades, the issue of mental health has been considered as one of the important aspects of health. Risk factors for mental health problems include family history, stressful life conditions, chronic illness, history of trauma, drug use, neglect or abuse in childhood, and lack of social support. The importance of mental health is due to its close connection with physical health. Mental health plays an important role in people's ability to maintain physical health. Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety affect people's ability to participate in healthpromoting behaviors. In turn, physical health problems such as chronic diseases can have a serious impact on mental health and reduce people's ability to participate in treatment and recovery. Specialists and researchers are looking for factors that can affect mental health. Meanwhile, marital satisfaction and self-efficacy are among the factors affecting the mental health of cancer patients, and the need for more investigations in this field is felt. The psychological effects caused by this diagnosis and the physical effects caused by its treatments are accompanied by many side effects, and due to the changes, sometimes self-confidence is jeopardized. Personal communication is disrupted due to uncertainty about the future. The previous adaptation mechanisms seem insufficient and being admitted to the hospital may induce a feeling of loneliness. It should be noted that chronic diseases, including cancer, can have destructive effects and affect the satisfaction of couples. Marital satisfaction is the most important component of marriage. It seems that mental health as a component of individual characteristics is related to marital satisfaction. The perception of self-efficacy is also a cognitive mechanism that creates the ability to control fearful things in a person and enables him to face problems. Understanding the ability makes a person avoid behaviors. People who have a clear, defined, harmonious, and almost stable sense of self-efficacy have more psychological health. These people have reached a clear view of themselves and are less influenced by daily events and evaluations of these events. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of marital satisfaction and self-efficacy in the mental health of these patients. Methods: For this purpose, 135 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Shiraz city who were referred to chemotherapy centers in Shiraz in 2013 were selected. In this study, Goldberg's general health (1972), Fores and Elson's (1989) marital satisfaction, and Sherer et al.'s (1982) general self-efficacy questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis methods. Results: The results of these analyzes showed that marital satisfaction and self-efficacy predict mental health in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion: In a general summary and according to the results of the present study, it can be stated that marital satisfaction and self-efficacy predict the level of mental health in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, so the attention of patients and Caregivers of these patients are important to the categories of marital satisfaction and self-efficacy. Just as every research has its limitations, this research also has limitations in several areas due to the special physical and mental conditions of these patients. The current research has been conducted on a special group of people (cancer patients) who may have many problems with attention and concentration, which may have affected their answers to the questions in the questionnaires. The small number of subjects may also be one of the other limitations of this research. Another limitation of this research is the non-uniformity of the sample group in terms of gender, type of cancer, and benign and malignant disease, which may have affected variables related to mental health. Using the available sampling method and collecting data using a self-report questionnaire by patients is another limitation of the present study. Considering that the statistical population studied in this research are cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and a lot of psychological pressure is imposed on these patients, it is suggested that the role of other predictive variables in the mental health of this group of patients Review. Considering the importance of the concept of mental health and because this construct is relatively new and few types of research related to it have been done in our country, it is suggested to investigate it in different chronic and clinical patients to validate the results of this research. Also, considering the limitations of the current research in evaluating mediating and moderating variables, it is suggested that in future research, the role of these variables should be controlled and investigated, and various researchers in different formats (descriptive, experimental, longitudinal, etc.) to be done in connection with it. This research should also be done in single patients because the stress and type and amount of support in these patients are different. Also, regarding the effect of self-efficacy in cancer patients, this research is still in its development period and the need for more research in this field is felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common and fatal types of cancer which affects women more emotionally and psychologically than other types. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on the mental health of women with breast cancer. Method: A pre-test post-test design with control group was used in this quasi-experimental study in 2019. Samples of the study were women with breast cancer in Urmia. A total of 30 women were selected through convenient sampling (15 control group and 15 training group). The training group participated in a 12 weeks physical training (Tai Chi exercises) with average intensity of 55-70 percent for 60 minutes three days a week. General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979) was used in this study. The results were analyzed via covariance analysis in SPSS 20 software. Results: The results indicated that after 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercises, general health subscale scores of physical (p<0.01), anxiety and insomnia (p= 0.01), social dysfunction (p<0.01), and depression (p=0.01) significantly decreased in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that Tai Chi exercises can improve mental health in women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary liver cancer is one of the most malignant and deadly cancers, which reduces the quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important criterion for evaluating the health care, controlling diseases, outcomes, benefits, and disadvantages of treatments, quality of medical treatment and nursing care, and screening individuals at risk for physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive factors of HRQOL in patients with liver cancer. The results of this study can improve the quality of life of the patients and the level of health care. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 272 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran (2018-2019), by using convenience sampling method. For assessing patients, we used Function Assessment Cancer Therapy, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Edmonton Symptoms Assessment Scale, and Characteristics Demographic. Data were collected in two stages (before and one month after treatment). In order to validate these tools, previous studies were cited and their reliability was assessed by test-retest. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 21. Descriptive statistics, correlation test, paired t test, and linear regression were used as appropriated. Results: The mean HRQOL score in patients with liver cancer was 58.11 (±17.31). Effective factors in HRQOL was the type of treatment, physical and psychological consequences, and some demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The present study showed that many factors can predict HRQOL in patient with liver cancer. Also, awareness of these factors provides the basis for developing effective care plans to promote HRQOL and increase life expectancy in affected patients. These factors are very important because based on them HRQOL of patient with liver cancer can be estimated with 59.8% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression and anxiety in cancer patients are associated with a variety of cognitive and personality variables such as alexithymia and mindfulness. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the role of alexithymia and mindfulness in predicting depression and anxiety in women with cancer. Method: The research method is correlational and predictive. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with cancer covered by Arezoo Charity Institute in Pars Abad (1979). 120 women with cancer were selected through purposive sampling from the statistical population and participated in this study. The data were collected using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and analyzed by SPSS-20 software, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The findings of this study showed that alexithymia and mindfulness can predict depression and anxiety in women with cancer significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Alexithymia and mindfulness are important factors in the depression and anxiety of cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize psychological interventions focused on these variables in educational, prevention and treatment programs of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Currently, because of increased risk factors and life expectancy, the prevalence of this cancer has increased. Therefore, health care systems should focus more on liver cancer. Evaluation of efficacy and side effects of therapeutic methods can identify potential problems in such patients and provide a good basis for patient care plans. This is an effective step to increase patient satisfaction and subsequently increase treatment success. This review study aimed to evaluate the side effects and efficacy of treatment modalities in patients with liver cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was based on the method presented by Cronin and colleagues (2008), which has five stages. The articles in the timeframe of 2018-2012 were searched. 20 paper have been selected and studied which are more relevant to the topic, and each of them has at least two keywords. Results: The treatment modalities for liver cancer are classified into two groups: surgical (hepatic resection, liver transplantation), and nonsurgical (microwave, radiofrequency, trans arterial chemoembolization, ethanol injection, and chemotherapy). Their complications are divided into physical and psychological sections. The more invasive these methods (surgical) or the more systemic side effect they have (chemotherapy), the greater the physical and psychological complications will be. This study shows that the incidence of adverse events in chemotherapy and hepatic resection was higher than the other treatments, while microwave and radiofrequency had fewer side effects. Adverse effects are the determinants of survival, health-related quality of life, and efficacy of therapeutic modalities. This study shows that the efficacy of microwave and radiofrequency therapies were more than the other therapeutic modalities. Conclusion: Treatment modalities in liver cancer are classified into two groups, surgical and non-surgical. Their consequences are categorized as physical and psychological. By assessing the complications of treatments the survival rate and quality of life in patients with liver cancer are determined. Although in many situations because of patient's conditions and the stages of the disease, it is not possible to choose treatments with low side effects, increasing the awareness of the benefits and potential side effects of each treatment, can help in planning for prevention and appropriate action. Also, increasing the patients’ knowledge about the side effects of the therapeutic methods will lead to the patients’ informed involvement in the treatment process, which will have a significant positive effect on reducing anxiety and depression in affected patients, and promote the quality of medical and nursing care, and can reduce the financial burden of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Death anxiety can be one of the important psychological diagnoses in cancer patients. Aim: The peresent study aimed at predicting death anxiety based on emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy in cancer patients. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all of cancer patients in Kermanshah city in the years 2019. A sample of 150 cancer patients were randomly selected. Measurement tools included death anxiety questionnaire, Gross and John emotional self-regulation questionnaire, Scherrer self-efficacy questionnaire. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and Concurrent regression were used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant relationship between emotional selfregulation and death anxiety (P=0.29, R=-0.087). But there is a significant inverse relationship between self-efficacy and death anxiety (P<0.001). Although The results of regression analysis showed that emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy predict 15% of the variance of the death anxiety variable. Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, it is necessary to emphasize these psychological characteristics in educational, prevention and treatment programs in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer is a global problem and the third cause of death among Iranian people. Considering the chronicity of cancer, adjustment to it is one of the effective factors on the outcomes of the treatment. Objective: In this study, the role of anger and health locus of control predicting adjustment in cancer patients is examined. Materials and Methods: This work is a descriptive - correlational study. All the cancer patients referred to Imam Reza and Ghazi Tabatabaei hospitals for medical care at Tabriz, Iranin Summer and Fall 2016 comprised the statistical population of this study. The sample included 100 patients which had been selected via purposive sampling method. They were asked to respond to questionnaires of demographic information, the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer, the Multidimensiinal Inventory and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS20 using tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results: Pearson correlation test indicated that the adjustment to cancer had a negative correlation with the anger arousal (r= -0.51; P<0.001), the rage contentious situations (r= -0.24; P<0.05), the hostile attitude (r= -0.41; P<0.001) and anger in (r = -0.43; P<0.001) and positive correlation with the internal locus of control (r= 0.25; P<0.05). The results of regression analysis revealed that 34% of the total variance of adjustment to cancer was explained by anger including anger arousal and anger in, and 10% of it was explained by internal locus of control. Conclusion: The results indicated that the anger including anger arousal and anger in plays a considerable role in adjustment to cancer. According to the findings, health locus of control does not have a considerable role in predicting adjustment to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Cancer is the 3rd cause of death after heart disease and injuries in Iran. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective procedures in cancer therapy, but their side effects are still unknown for many patients. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the patients’ knowledge with head and neck cancer regarding the complications of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was based on the information extracted from personal questionnaires and files of cancer patients who referred to the centers of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during a 6 months period in 2017. The data were analyzed by chi-square test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Our findings showed that most of the patients (76.48%) had low information level. There was no statistically significant association between the knowledge with demographic variables (P>0.05). However, patients with chronic disease had higher level of information. Only 10% of patients had received information by their physicians. Conclusion: It seems there is not effective education regarding the rated radiotherapy and chemotherapy complications, because their knowledge was not in acceptable level. Considering the importance of this issue, it is necessary to perform educational program to improve patients' ability and skills to cope whit the chemotherapy and radiotherapy complications and their side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]