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Aim: For many years, medicinal plants have been used to treat many diseases, including diabetes and its side effects, due to their natural and antioxidant compounds. One of these systems that suffers from the complications of diabetes is the reproductive system. Many researches have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different medicinal plants on the reproductive system. In this study, the effect of Ferula assa-foetida L. gum extract on the spermatogenesis indices and testicular tissue structure of diabetic male Wistar rats was investigated. Material and Methods: In our study, 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Diabetes induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Evaluation of the effect of Ferula assa-foetida L. oleo gum extract was done by treating animals with gum extract (150 and 250 mg/kg b. w, gavage) for 42 days. After this period, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. After this period, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed. Then the testicular tissue sampling was done and the samples were fixed in 10% formalin, then the preparation steps of the microscopic sections were performed included 1-dehydration, 2-clarification, 3-smearing, 5-paraffin molding, 6-Cutting with a microtome machine, 7-sticking the samples on a slide, 8-staining with hematoxylin and eosin, 9-mounting. Finally, the samples were prepared for microscopic study. The number of germinal epithelium cells of spermatogenic tubules was counted and Spermiogenesis Index (SI), Tubular Differentiation Index (TDI), Meiosis Index (MI) and Sertoli Cell Index (SCI) were measured. Results: Results showed that Ferula assa-foetida L. oleo gum extract improves the tissue damages of diabetes on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis indices. Conclusion: Ferula assa-foetida L. oleo gum extract reduces testicular tissue damage caused by diabetes and has an improving effect on spermatogenesis and fertility disorders related to diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the quality of perceived services is one of the key steps in analyzing rural household satisfaction and developing service quality improvement programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of perceived services and satisfaction of rural households after joining the city of Hamedan based on the SERVQUAL model. The study follows the quantitative paradigm and empirical research method in terms of purpose. Also, in terms of data collection, it is a survey-based research. The statistical population of the study was all residents of eight villages (Moradbeig Dareh, Faghireh, Khezr, Dizaj, Dizaj Hesar, Mazdaqineh, Aghashams Ali Hesar and Imam Hesar) joined the Hamedan city in which 200 households were selected as a sample population by calculating the Cochran formula and were surveyed through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and 26 questions to evaluate the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model. Data were analyzed through t-test by SPSS20 Software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between residents' perceptions of the current services' quality and their expectations of acceptable services' quality in all dimensions. Therefore, a negative and significant gap was observed between the expectations and perceptions of rural residents about the services received, which indicates the dissatisfaction of rural residents with the quality of services perceived after joining the city of Hamedan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]