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Schleiermacher's concept of feeling of absolute dependence was the starting point for discussions about religious experience among modern scholars. As the purpose of the religious experience debates in the contemporary, analytic philosophy of religion is to provide an empirical argument for the existence of God, many scholars have expected the feeling of absolute dependence in Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith had to serve the same metaphysical or onto-theological purpose. Are this expectation and its respective interpretations consistent with what we read in Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith? To clarify this, we have used a historical and hermeneutical method in this study. The application of our historical method guides us to Kant’s influence on Schleiermacher, and we will see that most of his concepts are actually Kantian. The application of the hermeneutic method also allows us to consider the feeling of absolute dependence in the light of Schleiermacher's theology as a whole, as well as the concept of religion in the Kant's philosophical system as a whole. Criticizing the dominant understanding of the concept of religious experience in Schleiermacher, this paper will suggest, instead of an ontotheological reading, that the feeling of absolute dependence is only a description of self-consciousness, which does not provide us with any proof for the existence of God.

Addressing the concept of rural development is as a process in which the status of rural communities should be promoted in every dimension: ecological, social, economical, environmental, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial.; and in relation with urban and other areas, it should provide the possibility of achieving regional and national balances. Since rural population of Iran comprises 30 percent of the total population of the country, therefore, any economical-social movements of such population at the regional and national level, can affect various subjects. Thus, considering the importance of rural development at the large-scale level, the present study, at a micro-scale level, aims to establish the role and impact of government’s policies during two recent decades in rural development of villages located in Ghaemshahr City with physical- spatial approach. Generally, it’s a comparative study of the role of effects and physical-spatial operations in rural development planning. The present research is functional in terms of purpose; it is empirical in terms of nature; it is descriptive-exploratory survey in terms of the method of collecting data; and finally it is analytical. The main issue is to identify government’s policies of physical-spatial approach at the regional and national level and also the policies toward rural development during two recent decades (The second to fifth development programs). And also it tries to determine what effects and results do such spatial- physical approach and associated policies have on rural areas. Finally, it proposes solutions for the improvement of rural areas and rural development. The research results reveal that, as compared with other planning, the fifth planning succeeded in the field of physical-spatial; policies like; retrofitting, upgrading, and rural guide plans.