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Development literature show that the main concern of international organizations and scholars and scientific and research centers in the third millennium is human education and scientific development as an effective factor in development. This research aims to investigate the time series of the impact of science and technology on development. The type of this longitudinal research is time series and is intended to estimate, predict the time series of the impact and the trend of science and technology on development in the period 1980-2015 in 12 selected countries. The Selected countries have been selected in a targeted way the results of data analysis with R software show that by analyzing the significant difference between countries in the variable of human resources and education and technology variables by ANOVA, Significant differences between countries are confirmed. The results of dispersion graphs in all selected countries show upward trends. In general, the results indicate that growth and development during the 1980s to 2015 is on the rise and the trend of the impact of education and technology variables on development is on the upside, too.

Abstract Background & Aim: The nursing profession is considered as a major source of stress by itself. Several factors are helpful in reducing the effects of stressful situations which include strategies of coping with stress and fitting personality traits. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and strategies of coping with levels of perceived stress of nurses . Material & Methods: This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The population of this study wereall nurses in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, which by means of Krejcie & Morgan table, 127 nurses were selected as the sample. The instruments of this study were the NEO five-factor personality inventory, coping inventory for stressful situations by Endler and Parker and stress symptoms test. Data analysis was carried out using inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and analysis of variance) with SPSS 19. Results: Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and emotion-oriented coping, between extroversion witht ask-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping and also between agreeableness and conscientiousness traitswith task-oriented coping (p

This study examined the potential inter-relationship between three language learning strategies (Formal, Functional and Monitoring), proficiency level and reading comprehension ability in a foreign language. The data, obtained from 60 male and female Iranian EFL students, was collected through the questionnaire on learner strategies, derived from Rubin-Stem inventories, reading comprehension test, derived from Carrel ( 1991) and Nelson Test. Results indicated that students mostly used monitoring strategy. It means that learners pay more attention to the use of linguistic forms and modify language responses the most. Also this study found that Iranian EFL learners do not employ the Formal, Functional or Monitoring learning strategies differently as far as their proficiency levels or reading comprehension ability are concerned. Based on this statement, the researchers can claim that although almost all the learners unconsciously use a lot of strategies in their learning experience, the idea of learning through strategies, especially what they can expand out of the classroom, was quite new for the subjects in this study. In the analysis of learners' language learning strategies reported in this study, it was shown that the students of the high level of proficiency mostly used reading activities and students of the middle and lower levels of proficiency used listening activities more often. This result indicated that they used more receptive skills than productive skills.